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China's coal-dominated energy pattern has resulted in large amount of SO[sub2] emissions. Estimate of the sulfur-related health damage cost is necessary to help perform systematic cost-benefit analysis and set national energy and emission control priorities. Current researches were confined to gaseous SO[sub2] in urban areas: however, secondary sulfate (SO[sub2-][sup4] particles can exert serous impact in a wider region. Based on the concept of "intake fraction" , CALPUFF long-range dispersion model and 180 sample emission sources, multiple regression equation was obtained with good correlation (r = 0.85). which illustrates that populations were key parameters to determine intake fraction but source characteristics were insignificant. Based on the formula and the population were key parameters to determine intake fraction were mapped for Hunan Province(range: 1.1 × 10[sub-6] - 3.2 × 10[sub-6]) of China. A combination of county-level SO[sub2] emissions with the intake fractions yields a total 1.98 tons of sulfate(SO[sub4][2-] inhalation, and resulting total health damage cost to be 0.76(willingness to pay aproach, WTP) or 0.16 (human capital approach, HC) billion USD in 1997, about 2.1% or 0.445% of GDP in Hunan in 1997. Average health damage cost per ton of SO[sub2] emission is 930(WTP) or 200 USD(HC). The results demonstrated that more stringent regulation should be forced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adakites are geochemically distinct intermediate to felsic lavas found exclusively in subduction zones. Here we report the first example of such magmas from southern Tibet in an active continental collision environment. The Tibetan adakites were emplaced from ca. 26 to 10 Ma, and their overall geochemical characteristics suggest an origin by melting of eclogites and/or garnet amphibolites in the lower part (≥50 km) of thickened Tibetan crust. This lower-crustal melting required a significantly elevated geotherm, which we attribute to removal of the tectonically thickened lithospheric mantle in late Oligocene time. The identification of collisiontype adakites from southern Tibet lends new constraints to not only the Himalayan-Tibetan orogenesis—how and when the Indian lithosphere started underthrusting Asia can be depicted—but also the growth of the early continental crust on Earth that consists dominantly of the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite suites marked by adakitic geochemical affinities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective To explore the correlation between 4 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms （Tag SNP） sites （rs7721799, rs32897, rs7718461, rs10062367） of corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein （ CRHBP ） and schizophrenia and aggressive behavior in the Yunnan Han population. Methods Case-control correlation analysis was used to establish a complex amplification system. Improved multiplex ligase detection reaction （iMLDR） technology was used to detect the genotypes of 4 SNP sites of CRHBP gene of 163 Han schizophrenic patients （including 81 patients with aggressive behavior, 82 patients without aggressive behavior） and 345 healthy Han individuals, which were analyzed statistically by SPSS 19.0, Haploview 4.2 and PHASE 2.1 software. Results There was no correlation between the 3 SNP sites of CRHBP gene and the onset of schizophrenia except for the rs7718461 site （ P >0.05）. The relative risk of aggressive behavior of patients carrying GG or GA genotype at rs7718461 site were 4.903 times higher than those carrying AA genotype （ P <0.05）. Conclusion The CRHBP gene may not be associated with the occurrence of schizophrenia in Yunnan Han population, but AA genotype of rs7718461 may reduce the risk of aggressive behavior in schizophrenia patients., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.)