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The rotting wood in freshwater is a unique eco-environment favoring various fungi. During our investigation of freshwater fungi on decaying wood, three hyphomycetes were collected from Jiangxi and Guangxi Provinces, China. Based on the morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis of a combined DNA data containing ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1-α sequences, two new Trichobotrys species, T. meilingensis and T. yunjushanensis, as well as a new record of T. effusa, were introduced. Additionally, a comprehensive description of the genus with both morphological and molecular data was first provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neohelicomyces species are a group of helicosporous hyphomycetes with the potential to produce secondary metabolites. During our investigation of helicosporous fungi, six collections were isolated from both terrestrial and freshwater habitats in Guizhou Province, China. Based on multigene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, LSU, tef1α and rpb2), coupled with morphological data, three new Neohelicomyces species, viz. N. guizhouensis, N. helicosporus and N. hydei were established. A list of accepted Neohelicomyces species with molecular data was provided. The strain of Neohelicomyces pallidus (UAMH 10535) was synonymised under N. denticulatus based on molecular data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During our investigation of saprophytic fungi in Guizhou and Hainan provinces, China, three hyphomycetes were collected from terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, tef1-a, and rpb2 sequence data, two new species are introduced: Distoseptispora hainanensis and D. lanceolatispora. Additionally, one known species, D. tectonae, previously unreported from Edgeworthia chrysantha, is newly reported. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the two new species and the new host record of Distoseptispora are provided. In addition, a checklist of Distoseptispora species with their locations, lifestyles, habitats, and hosts is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater fungi are highly diverse in China and frequently reported from submerged wood, freshwater insects, herbaceous substrates, sediments, leaves, foams, and living plants. In this study, we investigated two freshwater species that were collected from Yunnan and Guizhou provinces in China. Detailed morphological analysis complemented by multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on LSU, SSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF1-a sequences data revealed them to be two new saprobic species, namely Acrogenospora alangii sp. nov. and Conioscypha yunnanensis sp. nov. in their asexual morphs. Additionally, Acrogenospora alangii sp. nov. is reported for the first time as a freshwater ascomycete associated with the medicinal plant Alangium chinense (Alangiaceae). Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations and updated phylogenetic relationships of the new taxa are provided herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicosporous hyphomycetes is a group of filamentous fungi that shows promising application prospects in metabolizing bioactive natural compounds. During a study of helicosporous fungi in China, six new helicosporous taxa were collected and isolated from decaying wood in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Morphological comparisons with multi-gene phylogenetic analyses revealed that these six taxa belong to Helicosporium (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales), and they were recognized as three novel species and were named Helicosporium liuzhouense, H. multidentatum, and H. nanningense. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the newly discovered taxa and comparisons with similar fungi are provided. In addition, a list and a key to accepted Helicosporium species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During an investigation of helicosporous fungi in China, a total of seven helicosporous hyphomycetes were obtained from decaying wood in the southern region of the country. Based on phylogenetic analyses using a combined LSU, ITS, tef1α, and rpb2 sequence matrix, in conjunction with morphological comparisons, these taxa were classified within Tubeufia (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) and were recognized as three new species, viz. Tubeufia guttulata, T. hainanensis, and T. muriformis, as well as one new distribution record, viz. T. cocois. Evidence for these new taxa and the new record, descriptions, illustrations, notes, and phylogenetic evidence are provided for the newly collected helicosporous species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the investigation of lignicolous freshwater fungi in the Tibetan Plateau habitat, fifteen collections were isolated from submerged decaying wood. Fungal characteristics are commonly found as punctiform or powdery colonies with dark pigmented and muriform conidia. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF DNA sequences showed that they belong to three families in Pleosporales. Among them, Paramonodictys dispersa, Pleopunctum megalosporum, Pl. multicellularum and Pl. rotundatum are established as new species. Paradictyoarthrinium hydei, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum and Pl. pseudoellipsoideum are reported as new records on the freshwater habitats in Tibetan Plateau, China. The morphological descriptions and illustrations of the new collections are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endophytic fungi are a remarkably diverse group of microorganisms that have imperceptible associations with their hosts for at least a part of their life cycle. The enormous biological diversity and the capability of producing bioactive secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyketides have attracted the attention of different scientific communities, resulting in numerous investigations on these fungal endophytes. During our surveys of plant-root-based fungi in the mountain areas of Qingzhen, Guizhou Province, several isolates of endophytic fungi were identified. In this study, a novel endophytic fungus was discovered in the roots of a medicinal plant (Orixa japonica) in Southern China and introduced as a new species (Amphisphaeria orixae) based on morphological evidence and molecular phylogenetic analysis (combined ITS and LSU sequence data). To the best of our knowledge, A. orixae is the first reported endophyte as well as the first hyphomycetous asexual morph in Amphisphaeria. A new isocoumarin, (R)-4,6,8-trihydroxy-5-methylisochroman-1-one (1), and 12 known compounds (2–13) were isolated from the rice fermentation products of this fungus. Using 1D- and 2D-NMR, mass spectrometry, and ECD studies, their structures were identified. The antitumor activity of these compounds was tested. Unfortunately, none of the compounds tested showed significant antitumor activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saprobic hyphomycetes are highly diverse on plant debris. Over the course of our mycological surveys in southern China, three new Helminthosporium species, H. guanshanense sp. nov., H. jiulianshanense sp. nov. and H. meilingense sp. nov., collected on dead branches of unidentified plants, were introduced by morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Multi-loci (ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB2 and TEF1) phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference to infer their taxonomic positions within Massarinaceae. Both molecular analyses and morphological data supported H. guanshanense, H. jiulianshanense and H. meilingense as three independent taxa within Helminthosporium. A list of accepted Helminthosporium species with major morphological features, host information, locality and sequence data was provided. This work expands our understanding of the diversity of Helminthosporium-like taxa in Jiangxi Province, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Freshwater fungi are an integral part of freshwater ecosystems. They promote the carbon cycle of the ecosystem by decomposing wood substrates. Menisporopsis is a fungal genus of Chaetosphaeriales in Sordariomycetes, which has been commonly collected from aquatic and marine environments. Most species of this genus are saprophytes. New information Here, a new freshwater hyphomycetous fungus, Menisporopsis aquatica, reported from submerged rotten wood samples collected in a stream in Zhejiang Province, south-eastern China. The new species is characterised by hyaline conidia appendiculate with 1-2 setulae at each end and synnematous conidiophores growing closely around a black central seta. Molecular phylogeny of Menisporopsis was studied using a combined two-loci dataset, including the internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit gene sequences (nrLSU). The new species is illustrated and a synopsis of the Menisporopsis species is presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new species of Helminthosporium, H. nabanhensis, H. sinensis and H. yunnanensis collected on dead branches of unidentified plants in Xishuangbanna, China, were proposed by morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined data of ITS-SSU-LSU-TEF1-RPB2 sequences was performed using Maximum-Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, although H. nabanhensis and H. sinensis lack the RPB2 sequences. Both molecular analyses and morphological data supported H. nabanhensis, H. sinensis and H. yunnanensis as three independent taxa within the Massarinaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chaetosphaeriaceae is a genera-rich and highly diverse group of fungi with a worldwide distribution in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Eight fresh collections of Chaetosphaeriaceae were obtained during investigations of hyaline-spored hyphomycetes in China and Thailand. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of a combined LSU and ITS sequence dataset, Chaetosphaeria obovoidea, Codinaea aseptata, Codinaeella hyalina, Dictyochaeta guizhouensis and Paragaeumannomyces guttulatus were introduced as new species, Codinaea terminalis was reported as new host record, and Codinaea dwaya and Phialosporostilbe scutiformis were introduced as new collections. Phylogenetic analysis in this study revealed that Chaetosphaeria was polyphyletic. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of new taxa and identified species are provided, as well as an updated phylogenetic tree to confirm the placements of these eight new collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decaying bamboo in freshwater is a unique eco-environment for fungi. Three new Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae) species, D. meilingensis, D. yongxiuensis and D. yunjushanensis from submerged decaying bamboo culms in Jiangxi Province, China, were discovered, based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. The combined data of ITS-LSU-SSU-Tef1 sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic relationship between D. meilingensis, D. yongxiuensis, D. yunjushanensis and related species. Both molecular analyses and morphological data supported D. meilingensis, D. yongxiuensis and D. yunjushanensis as three independent taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family Microthyriaceae is represented by relatively few mycelial cultures and DNA sequences; as a result, the taxonomy and classification of this group of organisms remain poorly understood. During the investigation of the diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes from southern China, several isolates were collected. These isolates were cultured and sequenced and a BLAST search of its LSU sequences against data in GenBank revealed that the closest related taxa are in the genus Microthyrium. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the combined sequence data from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU), revealed that these isolates represent eight new taxa in Microthyriaceae, including two new genera, Antidactylaria gen. nov. and Isthmomyces gen. nov. and six new species, Antidactylaria minifimbriata sp. nov., Isthmomyces oxysporus sp. nov., I. dissimilis sp. nov., I. macrosporus sp. nov., Triscelophorus anisopterioideus sp. nov. and T. sinensis sp. nov. These new taxa are described, illustrated for their morphologies and compared with similar taxa. In addition, two new combinations are proposed in this family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background During the survey of pathogenic fungi on medicinal plant leaves in Yunnan Province, China, two Cladosporium-like taxa were isolated from leaf spots of Paris polyphylla. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, TEF1-α and ACT genes, two new species were discovered. New information Two new species Cladosporium yunnanensis and C. paris are introduced, the detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided. Morphology of the two new species is compared with other related Cladosporium species. This study widens the host diversity of the genus Cladosporium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Freshwater fungi are highly diverse and ecologically important in freshwater systems. In China, more than 1000 species of freshwater fungi are known. Here, we present a brownspored hyphomycetes that was collected on a submerged decaying bamboo culm in a forest stream in China. New information: Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and TUB2 sequences confirm the placement of our new strain in Veronaea (Herpotrichiellaceae), sister to V. japonica. Veronaea aquatica sp. nov. differs from related taxa V. compacta and V. japonica in having longer conidiophores and cylindrical to pyriform or subclavate conidia with 0–2 septa. Veronaea aquatica also has darker brown hyphae compared to V. japonica. A morphological description and detailed illustrations of V. aquatica are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During our survey of the diversity of woody litter fungi in China and Thailand, three Hermatomyces species were collected from dead woody twigs of Dipterocarpus sp. (Dipterocarpaceae) and Ehretia acuminata (Boraginaceae). Both morphology and multigene analyses revealed two taxa as new species (Hermatomyces turbinatus and H. jinghaensis) and the remaining collections as new records of H. sphaericus. Hermatomyces turbinatus is characterized by 1) dimorphic conidia, having circular to oval lenticular conidia and 2) turbinate conidia consisting of two columns with two septa composed of 2-3 cells in each column. Hermatomyces jinghaensis is characterized by dimorphic conidia, having circular to oval lenticular conidia and clavate or subcylindrical to cylindrical conidia and consisting of one or two columns with 6-8 cells in each column. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS, tub2, tef1-a and rpb2 sequence data supports the placement of these new taxa within Hermatomycetaceae with high statistical support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During a mycological survey of aquatic hyphomycetes on submerged decaying leaves in southwest China, a distinct new fungus was collected. The collection was cultured and sequenced and a BLAST search of its ITS and LSU sequence against data in GenBank revealed a dothideomycetous affiliation, with the closest related taxa in the genus Neodactylaria. Phylogenetic analyses of a multigene matrix containing sequences from four genes (LSU, SSU, rpb2, and tef1), representing broad groups of Dothideomycetes, revealed its placement within Dothideomycetes, but without a supported familial or ordinal affiliation. Based on further phylogenetic analyses and morphological investigations, the new fungus is described here as a new species of Neodactylaria, N. simaoensis sp. nov., and placed in a new family Neodactylariaceae fam. nov. and a new order Neodactylariales ord. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid economic development and accelerated urbanization in China has resulted in widespread atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. One consequence of N deposition is the alteration of mycorrhizal symbioses that are critical for plant resource acquisition (nitrogen, N, phosphorus, P, water). In this study, we characterized the diversity, composition, and functioning of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities in an urban-adjacent Pinus elliottii plantation under ambient N deposition (~24 kg N ha-1 year-1), and following N fertilization (low N, 50 kg N ha-1 year-1, high N, 300 kg N ha-1 year-1). ECM functioning was expressed as the potential activities of extracellular enzymes required for organic N (protease), P (phosphomonoesterase), and recalcitrant polymers (phenol oxidase). Despite high ambient N deposition, ECM community composition shifted under experimental N fertilization, and those changes were linked to disparate levels of soil minerals (P, K) and organic matter (but not N), a decline in acid phosphatase (AP), and an increase in phenol oxidase (PO) potential activities. Based on enzyme stoichiometry, medium-smooth exploration type ECM species invested more in C acquisition (PO) relative to P (AP) following high N fertilization than other exploration types. ECM species with hydrophilic mantles also showed higher enzymatic PO:AP ratios than taxa with hydrophobic mantles. Our findings add to the accumulating evidence that shifts in ECM community composition and taxa specialized in organic C, N, and P degradation could modulate the soil nutrient cycling in forests exposed to chronic elevated N input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cladosporiumspecies are ubiquitous in various environments but are hitherto rarely isolated from soil. In the present study, six newCladosporiumspecies inhabiting the plateau soils of China are described asC. neopsychrotolerans, C. paralimoniforme, C. prolongatum, C. sinuatum, C. tianshanense, andC. verruculosum. These species are phylogenetically distinct and morphologically different from known species. This study increased the number of species classified in theC. cladosporioidesandC. herbarumcomplexes and revealed Chinese plateau soil as a rich niche ofCladosporiumspecies diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Four anamorphic fungal species of Solicorynespora are described and illustrated from specimens collected on dead branches of unidentified plants in southern China. Solicorynespora guangdongensis sp. nov. differs from other species by obclavate, 8-13-euseptate, usually 1-distoseptate below, 105-182 × 14.5-20 µm, smooth conidia with 1-7 mucous tunica on the rostrum. Solicorynespora Jiangxiensis sp. nov. is easily distinguished by obclavate, upper cells becoming cylindrical, (62-)108-220 × 11-13 µm, smooth conidia with 9-23-euseptate. Solicorynespora biseptata and S. insolita are recorded for the first time from China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypsizygus marmoreus is an edible mushroom of commercial importance with medicinal properties. Therefore, cultured commercial and stored strains of the fungus were evaluated for various cultivation characteristics (hyphal growth, and size/morphology of fruiting body), and genetic diversity among the strains by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. We collected 32 H. marmoreus strains from different locations in China, and cultured them at the Gumuzhen Bio-technology facility. The cultivation characteristics differed among the main H. marmoreus strains. The genomic DNA extracted from H. marmoreus was amplified with 18 ISSR primers, which generated 199 bands The average number of amplified bands per primer was 11.10 (mean polymorphism 87.4%). The polymorphism information content (PIC) value for ISSRs ranged from 0.39 to 0.50 (mean PIC value per ISSR 0.48), indicating a medium level of polymorphism among the strains. The analysis of cultivation characteristics and ISSR data showed that there was rich diversity among the strains of H. marmoreus. A cluster analysis based on ISSR results classified the 32 of strains of H. marmoreus into three main groups. These results showed that ISSR is a useful tool for selecting potential strains and predicting hybrid performance in the outbreeding of mushrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four anamorphic fungal species of Heteroconium were collected from tropical and subtropical forests in southern China. Among them, Heteroconium tsoongiodendronis sp. nov. and Heteroconium fici sp. nov. are described from specimens collected on dead branches of Tsoongiodendron odorum and Ficus gibbosa, respectively. Two species of Heteroconium, H. decorosum and H. ponapense, are recorded for the first time in China. A key to Heteroconium and related genera is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new conidial fungi, Endophragmiella liquidambaris sp. nov. and Heteroconium phellodendri sp. nov. were collected respectively from dead branches of Liquidambar formosana and Phellodendron chinense. They are described, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. Endophragmiella curvata and E. eboracensis are recorded for the first time from China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sporidesmiella rosae sp. nov., S. machili sp. nov., and S. archidendri sp. nov., occurring, respectively, on dead branches of Rosa chinensis, Machilus grijsii, and Archidendron clypearia, were collected from subtropical forests in southern China. They are described, illustrated, and compared with similar taxa. A dichotomous key to Sporidesmiella species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new dematiaceous hyphomycetes, Spadicoides camelliae and Diplococcium livistonae, are described and illustrated based on specimens collected from the subtropical forests in Fujian Province, southeast China. They were collected on dead branches of Camellia japonica and Livistona chinensis, respectively. Spadicoides camelliae is characterized by polytretic, terminal conidiogenous cells with solitary, ovoid, versicolored, and mainly 2-septate conidia (15.0-22.0 × 7.0-10.0 μm). Diplococcium livistonae is distinguished by polytretic, terminal, and intercalary conidiogenous cells with catenate, cylindrical, concolored, and mainly 2-septate conidia (15.0-28.0 × 5.0-7.0 μm). They are compared with other similar species by their morphological characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The temporal and spatial dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) spore communities and biomass were studied in an intensively managed maize agroecosystem located in the North China Plain, one of the most important regions for cereal production in China. Maize roots and soils from three depths (0–30, 30–60 and 60–90cm) were sampled in conventional agricultural management (CAM) and recommended agricultural management (RAM) systems at V6 (six leaf collar), V12 (twelve leaf collar), R1 (silking) and R6 (physiological maturity) stage of maize. The dynamics of percent root colonization by AMF, extra-radical hyphal length density (HLD), AMF fatty acid biomarkers (C16:1w5 and C18:1w7) and spore density were analyzed. AMF spore species were identified according to their morphological characteristics. Maize roots were rapidly and heavily colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi even under intensive agricultural management. The abundance of arbuscules and hyphal coils within maize roots peaked during early reproductive growth suggesting a period of high P demand by maize. This was preceded by increased concentration of the AMF biomarker C16:1w5 in the soil at the V12 growth stage, and led to a peak in soil HLD at R1. Twenty seven AMF species belonging to five genera were isolated in total, and dominant species such as Glomus aggregatum, Glomus claroideum, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus geosporum and Glomus mosseae occurred widely across growth stage, soil depth and management system. Rare species occurred mainly at a particular growth stage or soil depth. The effects of growth stage, soil depth and management system on spore relative abundance differed among AMF species. The highest species richness and diversity occurred at the R1 stage and may stem from increased C supply to the fungus during peak arbuscular development within the roots. The AMF community and biomass were mainly affected by soil depth and growth stage rather than agroecosystem management. The abundance of AMF biomass and species found deep in the soil profile highlights the potential for P uptake by AMF from lower soil depths under intensive maize management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Lomaantha phragmitis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from a specimen collected on dead culms of Phragmites communis in southern China. The fungus differs from other described Lomaantha species in its conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidial appendages. Conidial morphology and presence or absence of percurrent proliferation of conidiogenous cells are the main characters distinguishing species within this genus. We provided a key and synoptic table of morphological characters of all three Lomaantha species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Ulocladium was isolated from diseased leaves from two Cucumis sp. growing in Sinkiang and Gansu provinces of China. Conidia were isolated from necrotic leaves and used to establish single-spore pure cultures. Conidia were harvested from cultures 7 d after incubation for morphological comparisons. The morphology of this species resembles that of U. botrytis and U. consortiale. However it is distinguished from these two species by the sizes of obovoid to broadly ellipsoidal conidia and longer conidiophores. A taxonomic description of U. cantlous, comparison with related species in this genus, and a species phylogeny based on the partial nucleotide sequence of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene and the Alternaria alternata major allergen (Alt a 1) gene are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five saprobic hyphomycetes with branched conidial arms, Ceratosporium fuscescens, C. gracile, C. productum, C. verrucosum and Tetraploa aristata var. sacchari are first recorded from mainland China. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for each taxon and comments on closely related genera and species are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a study freshwater fungi on submerged wood in Zhejiang Province, China. New dictyosporous hyphomycete was collected. Dictyosporium zhejiangense sp. nov. is distinct in the genus in having complanate conidia with 5 rows of cells, with each apical cell of the outer rows provided with 1-3 appendages. Phylogenetic relationships of the new fungus with some Dictyosporium species are revealed based on ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 rDNA sequence data. Dictyosporium zhejiangense formed a clade together with Dictyosporium species which have flattened conidia bearing appendages This new taxon is described, illustrated, compared with similar species and the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Dictyosporium are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piricaudiopsis punicae sp. nov., P. rosae sp. nov. and P. rhaphidophorae sp. nov., occurring respectively on dead branches of Punica granatum, Rosa chinensis and Rhaphidophora decursiva were collected from tropical forest in southern China. They differ from the three previously described Piricaudiopsis species in conidial morphology and proliferation of the conidiogenous cell. The presence or absence of percurrent proliferation of the conidiogenous cells and conidial appendages and the height of conidia are recognized as important characters in the delimitation of species of Piricaudiopsis. A key to Piricaudiopsis species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coprophilous fungi on cattle dung (Bos taurus) were investigated at Dahuadian and Zhongdian grasslands, in Yunnan Province, China. Fifty dung samples from Dahuadian and 50 from Zhongdian were collected and examined for fungi. A total of 61 species were recorded in this study (47 species from Dahuadian and 27 from Zhongdian) including 15 new records for mainland China. Species occurrence, species frequency, species richness, Shannon-Weiner index (H'), species evenness (E) and Sørensen's index of similarity (S') from the two grasslands were calculated. The fungal diversity from Dahuadian (altitude: 2940 meters) was higher than that from Zhongdian (altitude: 3300 meters). The proportion of ascomycetes (70%) to basidiomycetes (19%) from Zhongdian was much larger than the proportion of ascomycetes (54%) to basidiomycetes (15%) from Dahuadian. The reason for differences in fungal communities are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]