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The Chinese china represented in the eighteenth-century English poetry is the focus of both men and women's aesthetic appreciation and desire. Men reduce women to the object of their aesthetic appreciation and desire by drawing an analogy between china and women and by objectifying women into china, whereas women, by means of requesting, seeing and consuming china, foreground their subjectivity and value by projecting their aesthetic appreciation and desire onto the beautiful and delicate china. In addition, women dissolve and transcend the binary opposition between "earthenware/man" and "china/women" constructed by the male-centered discourse through endowing china with multi-gender and multi-identity. The end of the eighteenth century witnesses the fall of Chinese china in English society; hence it has lost its focal position and been replaced by other materials as the above-mentioned focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Yixing Zisha pottery is one of the most representative and influential traditional tea sets in ancient and even contemporary China. Chemical and phase composition, microstructure and performance of Yixing Zisha pottery samples from the late Ming Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty (1573 A.D.–1911 A.D.) unearthed for the first time in the Shushan Mountain Zisha pottery kiln sites in the western and southern hills of Shushan Mountain, Dingshu Town, Yixing City, China, were systematically analyzed. The chemical composition variations of Yixing Zisha pottery of the above-mentioned periods were studied. Porous structure of Yixing Zisha pottery body was discovered and the relationships among the unique performance of Yixing Zisha pottery, its raw material and the special technological process were discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The global prevalent ptxP3 strains varies from about 10% to about 50% of circulating B. pertussis population in different areas of China.Methods: To investigate the difference of vaccination status between different genotypes in the circulating B. pertussis after 10 years of acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) used in China. The nasopharyngeal swabs and isolates of B. pertussis from these patients were used to perform genotyping of antigen genes. We use antibiotic susceptibility test against erythromycin and sequencing methods for site 2047 of 23S rRNA to determine the resistance status.Results: The ptxP1 allele with erythromycin resistant (ER) B. pertussis infection (total of 449 subjects) consisted of 84.70 to 96.70% from 2012 to 2016 in this study. Vaccinated with co-purified aPV was found in 133(133/403,33.0%), 1(1/9,11.1%) and 2(2/21,9.5%) in ptxP1/fhaB3-ER, ptxP1/fhaB2-ES and ptxP3/fhaB2-ES B. pertussis infected children each, which showed a significant difference (χ2 = 6.87, P = 0.032).Conclusions: The ptxP3-ES B. pertussis was rare while the ptxP1-ER B. pertussis was steadily increased in Xi'an, China from 2012 to 2016, where co-purified aPV was prevalent used. This pose a hypothesis that the co-purified aPV might protect against ptxP3 strains more efficient, which generated a rare chance for ptxP3 strains to be under the antibiotic pressure and further developed to be erythromycin resistance. A further cohort study and the mechanisms of the additional antigen proteins of co-purified aPV protected against B. pertussis should be consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]