15 results on '"Hard power"'
Search Results
2. China's Economic Engagement in South Asia: Impact on Regional Dynamics.
- Author
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Qais, Usman, Aziz, Afshan, and Fazil, Daim
- Subjects
SOFT power (Social sciences) ,ECONOMIC development ,STRATEGIC planning - Abstract
The study examines China's strategic use of soft power, with a focus on economic engagement, to enhance its international influence in South Asian regional and in interactions with the United States and European states, aiming to address global challenges. This research extends Nye's framework, spotlighting China's strategic deployment of soft power, mostly through economic engagement. The study employs a qualitative methodology and a descriptive approach to analyze China's strategies in various geopolitical contexts. It indicates that China actively utilizes soft power initiatives, leveraging values, culture, and technologies, with a significant role played by development programs in disseminating its strategic influence in the regions. On the basis Based of the findings, it is recommended that China continues to balance its soft power initiatives, considering the sensitivities of diverse regions. Acknowledging concerns raised by other global powers, especially the United States, China may benefit from adopting a more nuanced approach to cultural dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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3. A GENUINE BLEND OF STATECRAFTS: China's Smart Power Strategy in the MENA Region.
- Author
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Altin, Hasan
- Subjects
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NATIONAL interest , *SOFT power (Social sciences) , *INTERNATIONAL organization , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *POWER tools - Abstract
Power transition in the international order and the position of China in this order have triggered ramifications in China's foreign policy strategy toward the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Its foreign policy approach has evolved from strict non-intervention to an assertive policy at the international level and constructive engagement at the regional level. China has simultaneously been applying both soft and hard power to protect its national interests in MENA. This study aims to assess China's four-pillar MENA policy from the perspective of its smart power strategy by examining its hard power means and soft power tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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4. China's soft power and US public opinion.
- Author
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Yeh, Yao-Yuan, Wu, Charles K. S., and Huang, Wei-hao
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PUBLIC opinion ,SOFT power (Social sciences) ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNET surveys ,TRADE negotiation - Abstract
In recent years, China has been using its soft power (most notably, the establishment of Confucius Institutes) to influence public opinion in foreign countries. However, the literature on soft power has yet to provide a definitive answer about whether that has led to a positive image of China in the foreign audience. Additionally, it is not clear if a positive image would influence public attitudes concerning foreign policies in those countries, such as policies related to trade and military conflicts. Based on an online survey experiment in June 2018, this research shows that soft power information (about positive contributions of Confucius Institutes to the American society) does make the US public feel warmer towards China and become more willing to support trade negotiations. However, the warm feeling does not alter public attitudes towards a potential military conflict with China over disputed islands in the South China Sea. Our study provides both empirical support and advice to policymakers interested in the influence of China's soft power on US public opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2021
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5. A "Good" Country without Democracy: Can China's Outward FDI buy a Positive State Image Overseas?
- Author
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Fong, Ware and Sakib, Nazmus
- Subjects
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FOREIGN investments , *GEOPOLITICS , *COMMERCIAL treaties , *DEMOCRACY - Abstract
This study examines the effects of China's outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on buying its state image abroad. We argue that regime survival has motivated China to use FDI to improve its state image and induce the world to accept China as a "good" country without democracy. Our analysis shows that while world public opinion becomes more favorable to China when its FDI share increases, even democratic countries remain less favorable toward this growing power. However, when China's FDI share crosses a higher threshold, democratic countries' unfavorable view toward China is compromised and the significant difference in favorability between democratic and nondemocratic countries is diminishing. China's FDI share has no significant effect on improving its state image in the Asia Pacific region, in particular—probably due to the memory of past wars with China and China's aggressive geopolitical strategy that focuses more on hard power competition. Our empirical results are robust in terms of their consistency with the governments' UN voting similarity with China. Related Articles: Åberg, John H. S., and Derick Becker. 2020. "China as Exemplar: Justin Lin, New Structural Economics, and the Unorthodox Orthodoxy of the China Model." Politics & Policy 48 (5): 815‐835. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12376 Asongu, Simplice A. 2016. "Sino‐African Relations: A Review and Reconciliation of Dominant Schools of Thought." Politics & Policy 44 (2): 351‐383. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12152 Davis, G. Doug. 2011. "Regional Trade Agreements and Foreign Direct Investment." Politics & Policy 39 (3): 401‐419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00296.x [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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6. Comparing Russian, Chinese and American Soft Power Use: A New Approach.
- Author
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Trunkos, Judit
- Subjects
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SOFT power (Social sciences) , *CHINESE people , *DATA analysis - Abstract
The soft power literature has indicated that American soft power use has been declining while Russian and Chinese soft power use has been increasing. Until now, the only way scholars could test such claims was to compare these countries' soft power rankings. This paper uses a new soft power dataset that can evaluate countries' soft power use. Using this dataset, this paper tests three hypothesis regarding China's, Russia's and the US' soft power use for the time-period of 1995–2015. The findings indicate that surprisingly the US is still using more soft power than Russia and China. The data analysis also reveals that the US is leading in economic soft power actions over China and in military soft power actions over Russia as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2021
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7. Struggling for Recognition? Strategic Disrespect in China's Pursuit of Soft Power.
- Author
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Aukia, Jukka
- Subjects
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SOFT power (Social sciences) , *DISCOURSE analysis , *LINGUISTIC analysis , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on developing countries , *HARD power , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper addresses the Chinese policy community's interpretations of identities, which potentially shape the soft power policies of China. It couples soft power to identity through a discourse analysis of the language used by the Chinese state in relation to soft power. It builds on a number of earlier theorizations that associate soft power with identity as a discursive phenomenon. The results highlight the use of strategic disrespect in China's soft power discourse. In the context of global cultural competition, and in particular the South-South cooperation framework, it is argued that the practitioners of the Chinese discourse present China's 'Self' as a soft power and the Western 'Other' as a hard power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2019
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8. THE MINOR TRANSPACIFIC: A Roundtable Discussion.
- Author
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KIM, CHRISTINE and HOK-SZE LEUNG, HELEN
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ASIANS , *HARD power , *INDIGENOUS peoples - Abstract
The article discusses the highlights of a roundtable discussion among scholars during a conference held in Portland, Oregon on the topic of minor empires to rethink relations of power involving Asia and Asians globally. The participants share their conceptions of the transpacific as an analytic and how it is inflected by their experiences. The importance of Indigenous struggles throughout the transpacific region is noted. The dominance of the U.S. and China in hard power terms is highlighted. more...
- Published
- 2018
9. Measuring hard power: China’s economic growth and military capacity.
- Author
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Robertson, Peter E. and Sin, Adrian
- Subjects
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ECONOMIC development , *MILITARY spending , *FOREIGN exchange rates , *NATIONAL security , *HARD power - Abstract
China’s rapid economic growth is facilitating massive increases in its military spending and causing increased security concerns in Asia and the Western Pacific. But there is uncertainty over how large China’s military spending is relative to other countries, or how fast it is growing in real terms. We address this issue by deriving a relative military cost price index based on the relative unit costs of inputs. We find that China’s real military spending is much larger than suggested by exchange rate comparisons, and even larger than standard purchasing power parity comparisons. We also find, however, that the real growth of China’s military spending has been smaller than conventionally thought. This is due to rapidly growing wages in China and the large share of personnel in China’s military budget. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
- Published
- 2017
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10. Spiritual Sources of China's "Soft Power" Political Strategy.
- Author
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YANGUTOV, Leonid
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SOFT power (Social sciences) , *SPIRITUALISM , *BUDDHISM & politics , *CONFUCIANISM & state , *TAOISM & state , *POWER (Social sciences) , *RELIGION ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
The author analyzes the philosophical sources of the "soft power" strategy formation as one of the major components of the modern China political orientation. The PRC demonstrates notable achievements in the economic, political, social, and cultural spheres. The article also examines Daoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism, which exerted great influence on the formation of the "soft power" concept principles in China, and shows the use of these teachings for political influence on neighboring countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
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11. What Implications for Chinese Soft Power: Charm Offensive or New Hegemony?
- Author
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Courmont, Barthélémy
- Subjects
SOFT power (Social sciences) ,HEGEMONY ,POWER (Social sciences) ,DIPLOMACY - Abstract
Officially adopted at the 17th Communist Party Congress in 2007, China's soft-power strategy combines an intense and extremely active promotion of China, in both diplomatic and cultural aspects, and marks the affirmation of China's global power. Beijing uses Joseph Nye's concept as a tool to serve its international ambitions. But considering the Chinese power, what are the objectives of this charm offensive in the longer term, and what are the limits of the Chinese soft-power strategy, if any? This article analyzes the different interpretations of the soft power in China, the various strategies followed by the authorities and their implications for the emergence of this country at the international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2013
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12. China's Smart Rise.
- Author
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KILIPTARI, Tea
- Subjects
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ECONOMIC development , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *POWER (Social sciences) , *INTERNET - Abstract
China and its rise have been the most discussed and published topic since the start of our century. Internet is abundant with scholarly articles examining Beijing's posture and each year numerous books and journal articles discuss the concepts of "peaceful rise," or "peaceful development," "three harmonies," "harmonious world," "China's soft power," etc. This article takes a different approach. It seeks to examine the plausibility of applying the Western concepts of power to China. For that purpose it will trace the notions of soft, hard and smart power in Chinese self-conceptualization to identify which of the three best characterizes Chinese rise. It will start with an introductory overview of the Western understanding of power in international relations. In the second section it will look at the official Chinese narratives. Furthermore, in the third and the forth sections it will discuss China's soft and hard power respectively; and finally, it will conclude with the analysis of the findings, stating that Chinese self-conceptualization, indeed, envisages all three notions of power, however, Beijing gives preference to smart power approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2013
13. Deconstructing the Cultural Deficit.
- Author
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Richardson, Paul
- Subjects
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LANGUAGE & culture , *ECONOMIC development , *GOVERNMENT policy ,ECONOMIC conditions in China, 2000- - Abstract
This paper considers the mismatch between China's emergence as one of the two superpowers, in terms of political, military, and economic clout, and its relative weakness in terms of cultural influence or "soft power". It suggests that this is partly the result of cultural and language harriers, but also due to misguided state policies, which are ideologically driven and insensitive, both to the workings of Western cultural markets and to the intellectual nnvironments in which creativity is likely to flourish, Some mediating strategies are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2012
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14. China and Latin America: A Marriage Made in Heaven?
- Author
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Leiteritz, Ralf J.
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *ECONOMIC development , *DIPLOMACY - Abstract
During the last twenty years, China's astonishing economic development, and its pursuit of a more outwardly-oriented foreign policy, have shaped international politics to a significant degree. Offered a model of cooperation based on mutual gains between developing countries, Latin America faces a more favorable panorama for its foreign relations, both economic and political, with China. However, is this relationship really "a marriage made in heaven"? This article seeks to identify the interests at play in the relationship between China and Latin America. First, following an analysis of China's political and economic development, it identifies three pillars upon which China has based its relations with developing countries: economics; culture; and diplomacy. Second, utilizing the analytical categories of "hard" and "soft" power, the article compares the rise of China, and its behavior, to that of traditional great powers such as the United States. Finally, the article gives an overview of the current Chinese strategy vis-à-vis the Latin American region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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15. The Durability of China's Soft Power.
- Author
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GANSHIN, Vladimir
- Subjects
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POWER (Social sciences) , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *GREAT powers (International relations) , *DIPLOMACY , *RESPONSIBILITY ,CHINESE politics & government, 2002- - Abstract
After successfully hosting the Olympic Games, it seems as though China now finds itself in a new process of self-identification. With the proliferation of crisis situations globally, China's earlier status and weight in international affairs could hardly serve to strengthen its international positions. Meanwhile, Beijing states resolutely that it will never become a "superpower," and that its ascent and marshalling of might presents no threat whatsoever to other members of the world community. China intends to conquer its new heights by exclusively peaceful means, with the help of so-called soft power. To accomplish this, it is ready in the future to seek mutual understanding with other nations and peoples through increased cultural exchanges, promoting the attractiveness of its model of socioeconomic development, and convincing others of its sincerity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2010
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