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1 The Asian longhorned beetle is native to China and Korea, and was found for the first time outside its native habitat in the U.S.A. in 1996, with subsequent detections being made in Canada and several European countries. 2 We review the taxonomy, distribution, basic biology, behaviour, ecology and management of endemic and exotic Anoplophora glabripennis, including information that is available in the extensive Chinese literature. 3 This species has caused massive mortality of Populus species in China and models have demonstrated that it could become established in many locations worldwide. 4 Anoplophora glabripennis is polyphagous but prefers Acer, Salix and Populus, section Aigeiros. 5 Although A. glabripennis adults do not disperse far when surrounded by host trees, they have the potential to fly more than 2000 m in a season. 6 Volatile organic compounds from preferred host trees are attractive to A. glabripennis and this attraction is heightened by drought stress. Males and females orientate to a volatile released by female A. glabripennis and males attempt to copulate after contacting a sex pheromone on the female cuticle. 7 At present, A. glabripennis is being (or has been) eradicated from areas where it has been introduced. After detection, extensive surveys are conducted and, if breeding populations are detected, at the very least, infested trees are removed and destroyed. Close attention is paid to imported solid wood packaging material to prevent new introductions. 8 Standard practice to control A. glabripennis in China is to spray insecticides in tree canopies. In North America, largely as a preventative measure, systemic insecticides are injected into trees. Entomopathogenic fungi have been developed for the control of A. glabripennis, and entomopathogenic nematodes, coleopteran and hymenopteran parasitoids and predatory woodpeckers have been investigated as biocontrol agents. 9 Ecological control of A. glabripennis in China involves planting mixtures of preferred and nonpreferred tree species, and this practice can successfully prevent outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three field experiments using cages were conducted in Anhui, China, to test the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against adult Asian longhorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). The use of two commercially available Beauveria spp. strains, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Beauveria brongniartii (Saccardo) Petch, applied as cultures in fiber bands fastened around tree trunks, was compared with trunk sprays in the first cage experiment. Longevity of A. glabripennis was decreased by both strains compared with controls, with females killed earlier by B. brongniartii than by B. bassiana. This decrease in longevity was independent of the application method used. In addition, oviposition scars per cage and daily oviposition rate per female were also reduced by both strains, showing a sublethal effect of the entomopathogens. After 10 d, conidial viability was still high on the bands but was drastically reduced when the strains were sprayed onto tree trunks. In the second cage experiment, four strains, proven to be highly pathogenic in the laboratory, were applied as bands alone. During the second cage experiment, daily temperatures were much higher and relative humidities were much lower than during the first cage experiment, and these conditions probably reduced fungal pathogenicity and decreased the sublethal oviposition reduction effect. It was demonstrated that one other B. bassiana strain and one Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin strain reduced male A. glabripennis longevity. None of the four strains tested had any significant effect on A. glabripennis when applied as 15-d-old bands in a third field experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]