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Background: International comparisons found that depression prevalence ranged from 18.3% (China) to 51.5% (Zambia) among school students in some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The evidence base for treatment of adolescent depression in LMICs is limited and inadequate. Moreover, most treatment interventions are developed in high income countries and the effectiveness of these treatments in LMICs is largely unknown., Method: Randomized controlled trials, including cluster-randomized trials that have been implemented in LMICs to reduce adolescent depression, were examined in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Only one-time point (3 months or close to 3 months) of the outcome measures was chosen to evaluate effectiveness of interventions., Results: Studies that used cognitive-behavioral therapy reduced depressive symptoms more effectively than other treatments with standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.27, (95% CI -2.19 to -0.35). Microfinance/economic interventions also reduced depression in adolescents with SMD = - 0.35, (95% CI -0.71 to 0.01) and Interpersonal therapy was used in three studies and depressive symptoms reduced by SMD = -0.23, (95% IC -0.60 to 0.13). Moreover, complex psychotherapeutic interventions that used integrated techniques showed a reduction in depression with SMD = -0.23, (95% IC -0.33 to -0.14) as well., Conclusions: Across twenty-eight studies, the evidence showed that cognitive behavioral therapy that delivered by nurses, social workers and counselors at community-based settings were more effective treatments in decreasing adolescent depression in LMICs. Future studies should implement these universal treatment approaches to identify accessible, feasible, affordable and sustainable depression treatments in the countries with less available resources., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Gout is a common disease resulting from hyperuricemia which causes acute arthritis. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of gout identified three new loci for gout in Han Chinese: regulatory factor X3 (RFX3), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1), and breast carcinoma amplified sequence 3 (BCAS3). The lack of any replication studies of these three loci using other population groups prompted us to perform a replication study with Japanese clinically defined gout cases and controls., Methods: We genotyped the variants of RFX3 (rs12236871), KCNQ1 (rs179785) and BCAS3 (rs11653176) in 723 Japanese clinically defined gout cases and 913 controls by TaqMan method. rs179785 of KCNQ1 is also evaluated by direct sequencing because of difficulties of its genotyping by TaqMan method., Results: Although the variants of RFX3 and BCAS3 were clearly genotyped by TaqMan method, rs179785 of KCNQ1 was not, because rs179785 (A/G) of KCNQ1 is located at the last nucleotide ("A") of the 12-bp deletion variant (rs200562977) of KCNQ1. Therefore, rs179785 and rs200562977 of KCNQ1 were genotyped by direct sequencing in all samples. Moreover, by direct sequencing with the same primers, we were able to evaluate the genotypes of rs179784 of KCNQ1 which shows strong linkage disequilibrium with rs179785 (D' = 1.0 and r 2  = 0.99). rs11653176, a common variant of BCAS3, showed a significant association with gout (P = 1.66 × 10 - 3 ; odds ratio [OR] = 0.80); the direction of effect was the same as that seen in the previous Han Chinese GWAS. Two variants of KCNQ1 (rs179785 and rs179784) had a nominally significant association (P = 0.043 and 0.044; OR = 0.85 and 0.86, respectively), but did not pass the significance threshold for multiple hypothesis testing using the Bonferroni correction. On the other hand, rs200562977 of KCNQ1 and rs12236871 of RFX3 did not show any significant association with gout., Conclusion: BCAS3 is a coactivator of estrogen receptor alpha, and the influence of estrogen to serum uric acid level is well known. Our present replication study, as did the previous gout GWAS, demonstrated the common variant of BCAS3 to be associated with gout susceptibility.

Purpose: Children adopted internationally who are exposed to institutional care receive less social interaction than children reared in families. These children spend their preadoptive life with individuals from their birth country and are adopted into families who may look and interact differently. The presumed patterns of limited social stimulation and transition from ethnically similar to ethnically and culturally different social interactions may affect these children's ability to accurately identify emotions from facial expressions., Method: Thirty-five 4-year-old children adopted from Asia and Eastern Europe by U.S. families were compared with 33 nonadopted peers on the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy, Version 2 (DANVA2) Faces subtests. Correlation and regression analyses were completed with preadoption (adoption age, foster care exposure), postadoption environment (postadoption care duration, number of siblings, socioeconomic status), and individual (chronological age, gender, language competence) variables to determine related and predictive variables., Results: The nonadopted group demonstrated better emotion identification than children internationally adopted, but no region-of-origin differences were found. English language performance was correlated with and predicted 20% of the variance in emotion identification of facial expressions on the DANVA2., Conclusion: Children adopted internationally who have stronger language ability tend to be more accurate in identifying emotions from facial expressions.

Purpose: The communication development of children adopted from China and Eastern Europe was compared by region of origin at 6 and 12 months after adoption., Method: Twenty children, recruited before or immediately following their adoption, participated in the study. Measures were collected between 2 and 6 months after adoption (Time 1) and between 12 and 14 months after adoption (Time 2). The children's ages ranged between 11-22 months and 22-34 months, respectively. Parent-reported vocabulary comprehension and expression and behavioral communication assessments were administered., Results: No significant differences between region of origin were found at Time 1. At Time 2, significant group differences in expressive language performance were found, with children adopted from China and Eastern Europe demonstrating different patterns of English language development., Conclusion: Early prelinguistic measures may provide prognostic indicators for later English language development. Children adopted from different countries where they are initially exposed to different birth languages may acquire English differently.