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According to Healthy China, a national strategy of the Government of China, new requirements were put forward for high-quality medical education, high-level surgical research, and precise clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the context of Emerging Medical Discipline, a strategic blueprint of medical education in China, this paper reviews the concept and core value of virtual reality (VR) and its significant role in the medical industry. On that basis, we explore the role of VR technology in medical training against the background of Emerging Medicine Discipline. Furthermore, typical cases are presented to help analyze and illustrate in detail the important role of VR technology in the teaching and training of stomatological and clinical procedures, skills assessment, online self-directed training, and clinical thinking skills training. We herein summarize useful information from past experience so as to help build innovative models of medical education in the context of Emerging Medical Discipline., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of germplasm resources of Lonicera japonica in main producing areas of China and provide reference for developing new varieties of L. japonica., Method: Using 6 primer combinations, 13 germplasm of L. japonica were analyzed by AFLP marker. The genetic distance was worked out by using DPS V3.01 software, and the cluster was conducted based on UPGMA., Result: A total of 435 bands were obtained including 191 polymorphic ones. The average polymorphic frequency was 43.9%. Cluster analysis showed that the relationship of cultivated variety from the same genuine area was near, and the classification result based on AFLP marker of germplasm of L. japonica from Shandong province was basically consistent with those on their morphological character., Conclusion: AFLP marker can indicate the abundant genetic diversity of L. japonica and provide theoretical evidence for reasonable utilization and breeding new cultivar of L. japonica in molecular level.

Objective: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the essential components in the innate and adaptive immune systems. Colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) is a cytokine that may prevent endotoxin tolerance, and LY64 has the ability to interfere with the recognition of bacteria via TLR4. The aim of this study was to explore the in vivo expressions of TLR2, TLR4, CSF2 and LY64 in Chinese chronic periodontitis patients., Methods: Gingival biopsies were collected from 24 chronic periodontitis patients and 19 healthy controls. The gene expression profiles of TLR2, TLR4, CSF2 and LY64 were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 were detected by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the levels of CSF2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were determined by ELISA., Results: The higher mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4 and CSF2, and the lower mRNA expression of LY64 were detected in chronic periodontitis patients. And the increased protein expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the increase of total amount of CSF2 in GCF was observed in chronic periodontitis patients., Conclusions: Our results suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 may play a role in periodontal pathogenesis. In addition, CSF2 and LY64 may contribute to the regulation of inflammatory response and maintaining periodontal homeostasis.

Objective: To explore the affinity relation among land race of Trichosanthes kirilowii and to provide evidence tor the classification and authentication., Method: Using scanning electron microscope, characteristics of the pericarp surface were studied comparatively., Result: The pericarp surface of the cultivated Fructus Trichosanthis in Shandong showed the characteristics of generality and diversity., Conclusion: The results of the study could be used for the identification of the cultivated Fructus Trichosanthis in Shandong.

The standardized diagnosis and management of gastric precancerous conditions and lesions are important to prevent gastric cancer. This guideline, created by 5 traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine associations, based on the current morbidity and diagnosis and treatment of gastric precancerous conditions and lesions, provides specific key points and strategies for diagnosis and treatment in the following five aspects: definition and epidemiology, diagnosis and stage, surveillance, treatment and efficacy evaluation. It is hoped that these aspects, assessed by integrating Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine and involving multidisciplinary participation, will play a guiding role in clinical diagnosis and treatment and achieve effective secondary prevention of gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Middle Neoproterozoic sedimentary sequences are widespread in South China and provide crucial insights into the geological evolution of sedimentary basins related to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. The Huashan Group is a key Neoproterozoic stratigraphic unit in the northern Yangtze Block, South China; however, its depositional age and tectonic setting of deposition are debated. Here, we report zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotope data for a tuff from the second section of the Hongshansi Formation near the bottom of the Huashan Group. Zircon U–Pb geochronology yields a 206Pb/208U age of 836 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 0.74, n = 29). Zircon Hf isotope ratios have εHf(t) values of + 3.1 to + 5.4 and TDM2 ages range from ca. 1.5 to 1.4 Ga, which indicates that juvenile materials derived from the mantle were involved in their host magmas. Combined with previous research, the Huashan Group was deposited from ca. 830 to 800 Ma from bottom to top, and it contains alluvial fan, fan delta, and semideep to deep lacustrine facies, which represent early sedimentation into a continental rift basin. Rifting and basin formation began at ca. 830 Ma in South China, which is coeval with the initial breakup of the Adelaidean Rift in southeastern Australia. The Huashan Group was deposited during the first and the second episodes of a superplume associated with the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)-mediated signaling in host cells involves Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4) accessory molecules, including LPS-binding protein ( LBP), cluster of differentiation 14 ( CD14) and lymphocyte antigen 96 ( MD-2). However, expression of these innate defense molecules in various compartments of the human periodontium is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of TLR4 in human gingiva. Material and Methods Human gingival biopsies were collected from healthy gingival or chronic periodontitis tissue. Primary gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts were cultured. Immunohistochemical analysis for TLR4 was performed. Transcripts of TLR4, MD-2, CD14 and LBP, and their protein products, were examined using RT- PCR, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. The interactions between these molecules in keratinocytes and fibroblasts were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation. Results TLR4 immunoreactivity was found in healthy gingival epithelium and periodontitis tissue, and appeared to be lower in junctional epithelium ( p ≤ 0.01). Fibroblasts and inflammatory cells stained more strongly for TLR4 in diseased periodontal tissues ( p < 0.001). Three TLR4 splicing variants, two MD-2 splicing variants and one CD14 mRNA were expressed by gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Expression of TLR4, CD14 and MD-2 proteins was detected in keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. TLR4 protein from gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts could be co-immunoprecipitated with CD14 or MD-2, suggesting an association between the related molecules in vivo. LBP transcript was detected in gingival biopsies, but not in primary cultures of gingival keratinocytes or fibroblasts. Conclusion TLR4, CD14 and MD-2, but not LBP, are expressed in human gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The TLR4 expression level in the junctional epithelium appeared to be lowest within the periodontal epithelial barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]