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Qualities of effective teachers matter because teachers are the number one school-related factor that impacts on student achievement. Although researchers in the United States have studied frameworks for evaluating teacher effectiveness, these frameworks are not focused on teachers working in international schools. Thus, they may not reflect the importance of understanding both the context of working in intercultural settings and the skills that allow teachers to flourish in international schools. Using a systematic configurative synthesis review of 23 studies, this study identifies qualities of effective teachers working in international schools through a synthesis of the study findings. We identified four key attributes that are emphasized, if not unique, in international school effective teacher research: a focus on teacher collaboration and teacher leadership; cultural awareness and responsiveness from multi-national perspectives; and host country language acquisition. Overall, we find that a focus on what makes an effective international school teacher is lacking in the extant research, particularly given the predicted enormous growth of international schools.

This study examines the beliefs and practices of 22 teachers identified as highly effective in Yunnan Province, China, who work with students facing significant academic and social challenges. In many cases, the selected teachers work with students at the extreme end of the at-risk continuum, including students having multiple disadvantaged characteristics such as ethnic minority status and poverty. Specifically, this paper shares findings about how these teachers address their students' needs in three domains--academic, affective, and technical needs. Descriptive data from classroom observations are presented. From the themes regarding teachers' beliefs and practices that emerged from the qualitative data, the findings reveal that these teachers address students' affective, academic and technical needs concurrently through their thoughtful instructional delivery and interactions with students. The teachers not only provide academic support (e.g., using a variety of instructional strategies communicating high expectations) to their students, but also offer socio-emotional support by being caring yet firm toward students and by soliciting technical support to create a safety net for the students' well-being.

Music higher education institutions are increasingly recognising the educational value of intercultural learning experiences. Delivering such learning experiences in a way that provides music students with a rich cultural and musical learning experience, rather than a superficial one, can be a challenging task, particularly in the case of short-term 'mobility' or 'study-abroad' programmes. This article explores ways to address this challenge by reflecting on student learnings from a suite of international study experiences, or 'global mobility programmes', at one Australian tertiary music institution, run in collaboration with community partners, universities and nongovernmental organisations in the Asia Pacific. Focusing on how intercultural music-making in the context can enhance students' musical practices and identities, we first outline the sociocultural contexts of our music global mobility programmes in Cambodia, China and India, and explore the different modes of music-making these experiences afforded. We then draw on Coessens' 'web of artistic practice' to explore site-specific examples of the ways in which global mobility programmes can enhance students' musical practices and identities. These findings hold particular relevance for music educators and higher education institutions in justifying, designing and carrying out such intercultural experiences to maximise student learning and success.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has witnessed rapid advances in the healthcare domain in recent years, especially in the emergency field, where AI is likely to radically reshape medical service delivery. Although AI has substantial potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency in hospitals, research on its applications in Emergency Department building design remains relatively scarce. Therefore, this study aims to investigate Emergency Department facility design by identifying the challenges and opportunities of using AI. Two systematic literature reviews are combined, one in AI and the other in sensors, to explore their potential application to support decision-making, resource optimisation and patient monitoring. These reviews have then informed a discussion on integrating AI sensors in contemporary Emergency Department designs for use in China to support the evidence base on resuscitation units, emergency operating rooms and Emergency Department Intensive Care Unit (ED-ICU) design. We hope to inform the strategic implementation of AI sensors and how they might transform Emergency Department design to support medical staff and enhance the patient experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of an interpretive policy analysis of China's Ministry of Education Standards (2013) for the professional practice of principals. In addition to revealing the evolution of the evaluation of principals in China and the processes by which this policy is formulated, a comparative analysis was conducted to compare it with the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Standards 2008 (ISLLC 2008). The analysis was conducted on the specific standards and indicators across the two documents. The results indicate the presence of both significant similarities and differences in performance expectations for principals: differences are explained by the cultural and national contexts within which school leaders work in both countries. In February 2013 the Ministry of Education in China issued for the first time the national Professional Standards for Compulsory Education School Principals, which provide the specific expectations of quality school leadership. The unprecedented interest in international benchmarking of student academic performance has led to the belief that there are common elements in education policy and school leadership practices. It is hoped that this research sheds new light onto the current thinking on the expectations and evaluation of principal leadership.

Within a rapidly changing cultural and socio-economic context, young people in China are increasingly engaging in romantic experiences and sexual behaviours with consequences such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Across a range of contexts, parental communication about sexuality has been recognised as protective in terms of increasing the likelihood of sexual abstinence and safer sexual practice. This study focuses on the factors shaping parent-adolescent communication about sexuality. Thirty-eight young people and twenty-seven parents, recruited from two high schools in a Northern-Eastern city of China, were interviewed. Thematic analysis of their interview responses was conducted using a social constructionist framework. Four main themes were identified: timing; discomfort and uncertainty; assumptions; and the parent-adolescent relationship. Findings suggest that communication between parents and children is influenced by individual as well as interpersonal factors and factors relating to the broader Chinese sociocultural context. To facilitate communication, both parents and young people need support from health and other professionals, while parents need more help and support in overcoming historical, social and cultural barriers to open communication about sex.

This paper takes up Bakhtin's dialogic perspective to explore the becoming of one Chinese international doctoral student's voices. We investigate how a single participant (from a wider study) assimilates the most transformative but "alien" voice of critical thinking in her supervision space by participating in dialogues with key speaking persons. When she assimilates this alien voice, the student also renovates her culturally enrooted and contradictory voice of respectful dependence. In this way, the student's voices develop and transform through a process of conflicts, struggles and reconciliations. This rich case study illustrates how a doctoral journey may be transformative cognitively and socio-culturally for the student as a speaking person--for her subjectivity. It also shows how this transformation is enabled not only by the supervisors' personal qualities but also through role modelling from peers: both kinds of relationships facilitate the student's assimilation of the most transformative voice in intercultural supervision.

The purpose of this study was to develop a richer understanding of teacher effectiveness through cross-cultural analyses of the practices and beliefs of selected China and US teachers who have received national awards for their teaching. This study was based upon a phenomenological design that used semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and artifacts for data generation/collection. Sixteen China teachers and 16 US teachers participated in this study. This study revealed similarities and differences between US teachers and China teachers in their patterns of instructional practices and professional thinking. The major similarities found between them were (a) using a variety of instructional activities which spanned across different cognitive levels, (b) being opportunistic planners to maximize meaningful student learning, (c) having high student engagement, (d) presenting effective classroom management skills, and (e) maintaining a learning environment that was conducive to optimal learning. Primary differences between US and China teachers' classrooms included the types of instructional activities used and their beliefs and practices in the areas of (a) instructional planning, (b) differentiation, (c) assessment, (d) classroom management, (e) relationships with students and parents, and (f) professional development.

Pore pressure prediction is significant in the petroleum industry because, compared to direct measurement, it is cost-effective and it generates an extensive range of data. Mathematical correlations fail to predict pore pressure due to their failure to include lateral transfer in the reservoir, high temperature and mixed lithology and other mechanisms like aqua-thermal expansion, dehydration of clay and mineral alterations. Also, several machine learning techniques provide unsatisfactory results when predicting pore pressures due to poor selection of input data, over-fitting, slow convergence of results, and manual adjustment of model parameters like hidden layers and weights. To counteract these challenges, we employed, for the first time, group method of data handling (GMDH) technique to predict formation pore pressures from well logs data in the Nanye 1 well, southeast of the Sichuan Basin. Then, the performance of the GMDH technique was compared to other machine learning techniques, including polynomial classifier (POL) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The GMDH technique provided results with the highest accuracy compared with the other two techniques, giving the lowest root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.0308 MPa. In addition, the GMDH technique provided a high coefficient of determination of 0.998. The ANN and POL gave RMSEs 0.0322 and 0.5873 MPa, respectively. Apart from the good results, the GMDH technique was able to identify data structure, direct approximate the results, automatically select the model running parameters and select the relevant input data for predicting the pore pressure, which were the challenges for other techniques. Therefore, the GMDH can be applied to predict pore pressure from the well logs data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate policies will affect future surface ozone pollution in China. Here, we simulate changes in summertime ozone across China by 2030 under four emission scenarios reflecting different levels of climate action. We also contrast results obtained with two different chemical mechanisms employed in the chemical transport model (WRF‐Chem). With emission reductions in ozone precursors introduced by climate policies, both mechanisms show promising ozone mitigation for most parts of China. However, they disagree starkly in China's three main city clusters, where one mechanism projects worsening ozone pollution by 2030 despite the emission reductions. We analyze possible drivers of this important discrepancy, in particular the role of varying ozone chemical regimes affecting its sensitivity to emission changes. We recommend an intercomparison project to examine this critical modeling uncertainty among other models/mechanisms, which would be invaluable for informing local and regional emission control strategies that are based on single‐model results. Plain Language Summary: Surface ozone pollution is harmful to both human health and ecosystems. Reducing ozone formation through effective emission control strategies has therefore been identified as a pressing need. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are important tools that can help scientists and policymakers assess how effectively the emission reductions may alleviate ozone pollution. However, we show that the predicted effectiveness of emission control strategies for ozone mitigation in areas within the three city clusters of China are strongly dependent on the choice of chemical mechanism commonly employed in CTMs. For example, given emission reductions driven by ambitious climate action, we find that projected ozone pollution in these regions could be improved or worsened by the year 2030 depending on the model mechanism used. Our work underlines the importance of considering and understanding this disagreement when it comes to projecting even near‐term emission‐control strategies. Furthermore, we highlight the potential benefits of conducting a multi‐model/mechanism intercomparison project to better understand how and why different models/mechanisms disagree on the simulated ozone response to emission changes, as to produce more robust mitigation scenario assessments. Key Points: Future emission pathways driven by climate actions are projected to alleviate surface ozone pollution in most parts of China by 2030However, for China's three main city clusters, model projections disagree strongly for two widely used chemical mechanismsThis modeling uncertainty may arise from the inconsistency of categorizing ozone chemical regimes by different chemical mechanisms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the organization and learning activities of a unit on Chinese folk tales in an inclusive third-grade classroom. The unit features scaffolding of integrated strategies, ongoing assessment, challenges and accommodations, and collaboration with the special-education teacher. Benefits of the approach in a social studies class are noted, such as honoring diversity through cooperative learning. (DB)

Several previous studies have highlighted the irrigation‐induced impacts on the global and regional water cycle, energy budget, and near‐surface climate. While land models are widely used to address this question, the implementations of irrigation in these models vary in complexity. Here, we expand the representation of irrigation in Community Land Model to enable six different irrigation methods. We find that using a combination of irrigation methods, including default, sprinkler, flood and paddy techniques performs best as determined by evaluating the simulated irrigation water withdrawals against observations, and therefore select this combination as the new irrigation scheme. Then, the impact of the new irrigation scheme on surface fluxes is evaluated and detected using single‐point simulations. Finally, the global and regional irrigation‐induced impacts on surface energy and water fluxes are compared using both the original and the new irrigation scheme. The new irrigation scheme substantially reduces the bias and root‐mean‐square error of simulated irrigation water withdrawal in the USA and other countries, but considerably overestimates withdrawals in Central China. Results of single‐point experiments show that different irrigation methods have different effects on surface fluxes, while the magnitudes are small. At the global scale, the new scheme enlarges the irrigation‐induced impacts on water and energy variables relative to the original scheme, with varying magnitudes across regions. Overall, our results suggest that this newly developed scheme is a better tool for simulating irrigation‐induced impacts on climate, and highlight the added value of incorporating human water management in Earth system models. Plain Language Summary: Knowing the effects of irrigation on the water and energy cycle is important, as it helps us to understand better how irrigation may affect the near‐surface climate such as dampening heat extremes and increasing local air humidity. Land models are widely used for this purpose. However, in most of these models, different irrigation techniques are currently not considered. In this study, we develop a new irrigation scheme for the Community Land Model, and evaluate it by comparing modeled and observed irrigation water withdrawals and surface energy and water fluxes. Results show that this new scheme performs better in simulating irrigation water withdrawals in most countries. Results of one‐dimensional simulations show that different irrigation methods have small but varying impacts on surface fluxes. At the global and regional scale, incorporating more realistic irrigation methods enlarges the effects of irrigation on water and energy variables. We therefore conclude that improving the realism of irrigation in models can help us to improve our understanding of how irrigation affects climate through altered water and energy fluxes. Key Points: A newly‐developed irrigation module considering different irrigation methods is implemented in Community Land ModelThe new irrigation scheme shows a better performance of simulating irrigation water withdrawal against the original moduleDifferent irrigation methods have different effects on water cycle and energy budgets, changing regional irrigation‐induced impacts [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines China's likelihood of meeting its purchase obligations under the Phase One Trade Agreement. In 2020, US agricultural exports to China ($27.2 billion) were 85% higher than in 2019 but 18% short of the first‐year Phase One goal ($33.4 billion). Evidence shows that many sectors experienced no change, particularly when compared to exports before the trade war. Some sectors benefited from China's overall demand growth and not necessarily from agreement commitments. Although there were substantial increases in exports of other major products (e.g., corn and poultry), these increases could not make up for less than expected soybean exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface ozone concentrations increased in many regions of China from 2015 to 2019. While the central role of meteorology in modulating ozone pollution is widely acknowledged, its quantitative contribution remains highly uncertain. Here, we use a data-driven machine learning approach to assess the impacts of meteorology on surface ozone variations in China for the period 2015–2019, considering the months of highest ozone pollution from April to October. To quantify the importance of various meteorological driver variables, we apply nonlinear random forest regression (RFR) and linear ridge regression (RR) to learn about the relationship between meteorological variability and surface ozone in China, and contrast the results to those obtained with the widely used multiple linear regression (MLR) and stepwise MLR. We show that RFR outperforms the three linear methods when predicting ozone using local meteorological predictor variables, as evident from its higher coefficients of determination (R2) with observations (0.5–0.6 across China) when compared to the linear methods (typically R2 = 0.4–0.5). This refers to the importance of nonlinear relationships between local meteorological factors and ozone, which are not captured by linear regression algorithms. In addition, we find that including nonlocal meteorological predictors can further improve the modelling skill of RR, particularly for southern China where the averaged R2 increases from 0.47 to 0.6. Moreover, this improved RR shows a higher averaged meteorological contribution to the increased trend of ozone pollution in that region, pointing towards an elevated importance of large-scale meteorological phenomena for ozone pollution in southern China. Overall, RFR and RR are in close agreement concerning the leading meteorological drivers behind regional ozone pollution. In line with expectations, our analysis underlines that hot and dry weather conditions with high sunlight intensity are strongly related to high ozone pollution across China, thus further validating our novel approach. In contrast to previous studies, we also highlight surface solar radiation as a key meteorological variable to be considered in future analyses. By comparing our meteorology based predictions with observed ozone values between 2015 and 2019, we estimate that almost half of the 2015–2019 ozone trends across China might have been caused by meteorological variability. These insights are of particular importance given possible increases in the frequency and intensity of weather extremes such as heatwaves under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary care doctors in Shenzhen, China are increasingly expected to identify and prevent depressive disorder; however, they have received limited mental health training and community healthcare centres (CHC) do not provide standardised protocols for the diagnosis and care of depressive disorder. The World Health Organization's mental health gap intervention guide, version 2 (mhGAP-IG.v2) is a decision support tool for non-specialists for the assessment, management and follow-up of mental, neurological and substance use disorders (including depressive disorder). Given that mhGAP-IG.v2 is a generic tool, it requires adaptation to take account of cultural differences in depression presentation and unique characteristics of China's emergent mental health system. Methods: A two-round, web-based, Delphi survey was conducted. A panel of primary care doctors from Shenzhen, were invited to score their level of agreement with 199 statements (arranged across 10 domains) proposing changes to the content and structure of mhGAP-IG.v2 for use in Shenzhen. Consensus was predefined as 80% panelists providing a rating of either "somewhat agree/definitely agree", or "definitely disagree/somewhat disagree" on a five-point scale for agreement. Results: 79% of statements received consensus with a mean score of 4.26 (i.e. "somewhat agree"). Agreed adaptations for mhGAP-IG.v2 included:- an assessment approach which considers a broader spectrum of depression symptoms and reflects the life course of disease; incorporating guidance for screening tool usage; clarifying physicians' roles and including referral pathways for intersectorial care with strong family involvement; aligning drug treatment with national formularies; stronger emphasis of suicide prevention throughout all sections of the guide; contextualizing health education; reflecting a person-centred approach to care. Panelists chose to maintain diagnostic and treatment advice for bipolar patients experiencing a depressive episode as in the current guide. Conclusions: An adapted mhGAP-IG.v2 for depression recognises China's cultural and contextual needs for assessment guidance; unique primary healthcare system organization, priorities and treatment availability; and diverse psychosocial educational needs. An adapted mhGAP-IG.v2 could both inform the future training programs for primary care in Shenzhen and also offer an additional mental health resource for non-specialists in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has become an impactful science superpower, but it is asserted that its influence provides it with disproportionate benefits that some national research policies have not thus far appreciated. To create context, Web of Science data are used to analyse research collaborations between the UK and China: trends in volume of output between 1981 and 2019; citation impact; and comparative performance across research fields. UK–China collaboration increased from fewer than 100 co-authored papers before 1990, to 750 per year in 2000, 3,324 in 2010, and 16,267 papers (10.9 per cent of UK output) in 2019. UK–China collaboration is concentrated in technology-based fields: in some (e.g. telecommunication), over 30 per cent of UK papers are in collaboration with Chinese-based researchers. The paper discusses the policy consequences to the UK of this indicative dependency, arguing that exiting from such collaborations is ill advised, provided the risks, perceived or real, are mapped, managed, and mitigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how countries for which the rule of law is not only a core value but also an indispensable tool might respond to China's use of sanctions against people who speak out against its policies, particularly those targeting lawyers. It explores the sanctions imposed by China against people who served under the administration of U.S. President Donald Trump and against Essex Court barristers in England.

In the decade between 2009 and 2019, China emerged as an economic power with geostrategic dimensions in the Mediterranean and Southeastern Europe, a region contested by great powers for many centuries. After firmly establishing primacy in the Greek port of Piraeus, China has executed a sweeping programme of port diplomacy involving over two dozen ports along Mediterranean European, Middle Eastern, and North African shores. Concurrently, China has conducted a programme of active engagement with the Central and Eastern European Countries, resulting in the 17 + 1 association tied to its Belt and Road Initiative through the Mediterranean Piraeus gateway. Based on these developments, China is well situated to expand its power in the Mediterranean going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study simulates the short-run effects of an Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and two auxiliary policies on the Chinese tourism industry. The results show that the ETS alone will increases energy prices and have significant adverse impacts on China's economy. The adverse impacts are relatively stronger on the energy sectors than they are on tourism. Two auxiliary policies—a tourism subsidy and a reduced goods and services tax (GST)—are examined as policy options to soften the negative impacts of the ETS. Results show that the tourism-subsidy policy is more effective than the GST reduction policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the human population grows and climate change threatens the stability of seafood sources, we face the key question of how we will meet increasing demand, and do so sustainably. Many of the 20 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) member nations have been global leaders in the protection and management of wild fisheries, but to date, most of these nations have not developed robust aquaculture industries. Using existing data and documentation of aquaculture targets from government and industry, we compiled and analysed past trends in farmed and wild seafood production and consumption in ICES nations, as well as the potential and need to increase aquaculture production by 2050. We found that the majority of ICES nations lacks long-term strategies for aquaculture growth, with an increasing gap between future domestic production and consumption—resulting in a potential 7 million tonne domestic seafood deficit by 2050, which would be supplemented by imports from other countries (e.g. China). We also found recognition of climate change as a concern for aquaculture growth, but little on what that means for meeting production goals. Our findings highlight the need to prioritize aquaculture policy to set more ambitious domestic production goals and/or improve sustainable sourcing of seafood from other parts of the world, with explicit recognition and strategic planning for climate change affecting such decisions. In short, there is a need for greater concerted effort by ICES member nations to address aquaculture's long-term future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several plant-pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by insect vector species that often also act as hosts. In this interface, these bacteria encounter plant endophytic, insect endosymbiotic and other microbes. Here, we used high throughput sequencing to examine the bacterial communities of five different psyllids associated with citrus and related plants of Rutaceae in Bhutan: Diaphorina citri, Diaphorina communis, Cornopsylla rotundiconis, Cacopsylla heterogena and an unidentified Cacopsylla sp. Results: The microbiomes of the psyllids largely comprised their obligate P-endosymbiont 'Candidatus Carsonella ruddii', and one or two S-endosymbionts that are fixed and specific to each lineage. In addition, all contained Wolbachia strains; the Bhutanese accessions of D. citri were dominated by a Wolbachia strain first found in American isolates of D. citri, while D. communis accessions were dominated by the Wolbachia strain, wDi, first detected in D. citri from China. The S-endosymbionts from the five psyllids grouped with those from other psyllid taxa; all D. citri and D. communis individuals contained sequences matching 'Candidatus Profftella armatura' that has previously only been reported from other Diaphorina species, and the remaining psyllid species contained OTUs related to unclassified Enterobacteriaceae. The plant pathogenic 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' was found in D. citri but not in D. communis. Furthermore, an unidentified 'Candidatus Liberibacter sp.' occurred at low abundance in both Co. rotundiconis and the unidentified Cacopsylla sp. sampled from Zanthoxylum sp.; the status of this new liberibacter as a plant pathogen and its potential plant hosts are currently unknown. The bacterial communities of Co. rotundiconis also contained a range of OTUs with similarities to bacteria previously found in samples taken from various environmental sources. Conclusions: The bacterial microbiota detected in these Bhutanese psyllids support the trends that have been seen in previous studies: psyllids have microbiomes largely comprising their obligate P-endosymbiont and one or two S-endosymbionts. In addition, the association with plant pathogens has been demonstrated, with the detection of liberibacters in a known host, D. citri, and identification of a putative new species of liberibacter in Co. rotundiconis and Cacopsylla sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission has almost exclusively been detected in the tropics despite the distributions of its primary vectors extending farther into temperate regions. Therefore, it is unknown whether ZIKV's range has reached a temperature-dependent limit, or if it can spread into temperate climates. Using field-collected mosquitoes for biological relevance, we found that two common temperate mosquito species, Aedes albopictus and Ochlerotatus detritus, were competent for ZIKV. We orally exposed mosquitoes to ZIKV and held them at between 17 and 31°C, estimated the time required for mosquitoes to become infectious, and applied these data to a ZIKV spatial risk model. We identified a minimum temperature threshold for the transmission of ZIKV by mosquitoes between 17 and 19°C. Using these data, we generated standardized basic reproduction number R0-based risk maps and we derived estimates for the length of the transmission season for recent and future climate conditions. Our standardized R0-bbased risk maps show potential risk of ZIKV transmission beyond the current observed range in southern USA, southern China and southern European countries. Transmission risk is simulated to increase over southern and Eastern Europe, northern USA and temperate regions of Asia (northern China, southern Japan) in future climate scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative research article explored the convergences and divergences of perceptions of adolescent romantic experience between a group of adolescents and parents in China. One-to-one, in-depth interviews were conducted with 38 adolescents (aged 15-18 years; 26 girls, 12 boys) and 27 parents (aged 40-52 years; 16 mothers, 11 fathers) from the urban areas of a northern Chinese city. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis and interpreted using a socio-ecological approach. Four major themes were identified: opportunities and risks, acceptable versus unacceptable sexual intimacy, generational difference, and girls' vulnerability and "self-respect." In these themes, congruity and divergence of perceptions were found between the groups of adolescents and parents. These perceptions were largely influenced by traditional cultural beliefs of education, sexuality, gender, and family as well as the current socio-cultural context of modernization and globalization in China. The findings provide implications regarding how to support both adolescents and parents in managing adolescent romantic experience for adolescent health-promoting romantic and sexual behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese Cancer Research in 2009-18 and the Disease Burden. Chinese cancer research, burden of disease, comparison with GDP, anatomical site, research type. [Extracted from the article]

Unlike performance incentives for private sector managers, little is known about performance incentives for managers in public sector bureaucracies. Through a randomized trial in rural China, we study performance incentives rewarding school administrators for reducing student anemia—as well as complementarity between incentives and orthogonally assigned discretionary resources. Large (but not small) incentives and unrestricted grants both reduced anemia, but incentives were more cost-effective. Although unrestricted grants and small incentives do not interact, grants fully crowd-out the effect of larger incentives. Our findings suggest that performance incentives can be effective in bureaucratic environments, but they are not complementary to discretionary resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals’ concern for information privacy (CFIP) impacts beliefs, intentions, and behaviors in a variety of contexts, including consumer electronic commerce. Most empirical studies on the impact of CFIP on electronic commerce have been conducted using consumers in the United States. Despite China’s growing economy and increasing importance in the global economy, to date, there has been no empirical study of CFIP’s impact on Chinese consumers’ willingness to engage in transactions online. The purpose of this study is to test a widely-referenced model of CFIP’s role in consumer e-commerce in the context of China. We conducted surveys of Chinese consumers’ willingness to engage in transactions with two online merchants, a familiar merchant (Taobao) and a less-familiar merchant (Amazon). For both merchants, CFIP had only mediated impacts on consumers’ willingness to transact with online merchants. While there were similarities between our results and those reported in the original study, there were also differences. Our findings provide a number of contributions for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016, the United States launched a formal dispute with the World Trade Organization (WTO) concerning China's wheat, corn, and rice tariff‐rate quota (TRQs) administration. A formal panel was requested in August 2017, with several major grain exporters, including Canada, joining as third‐party members. This study employs two unique micro‐level datasets to investigate the role of state‐owned and non‐state‐owned enterprises' (SOE and non‐SOE, respectively) in China's agricultural imports. Results suggest that SOEs are noticeably more active in importing quota‐bound commodities compared to quota‐free imported commodities. Moreover, the larger role of SOEs in China's cereal grain imports is negatively correlated with China's food security targets, as measured by estimated prior year stocks‐to‐use ratios. Conversely, above average food security targets in China's cereal grain market leads to an important extensive margin adjustment of non‐SOE import participation. Finally, we find very little compelling evidence that China's September reallocation of unused TRQ has any economic or statistically significant impact on non‐SOE entry into importing or the intensity with which their imports occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the May–June 2016 International Cooperative Air Quality Field Study in Korea (KORUS-AQ), light synoptic meteorological forcing facilitated Seoul metropolitan pollution outflow to reach the remote Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) site and cause regulatory exceedances of ozone on 24 days. Two of these severe pollution events are thoroughly examined. The first, occurring on 17 May 2016, tracks transboundary pollution transport exiting eastern China and the Yellow Sea, traversing the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), and then reaching TRF in the afternoon hours with severely polluted conditions. This case study indicates that although outflow from China and the Yellow Sea were elevated with respect to chemically unperturbed conditions, the regulatory exceedance at TRF was directly linked in time, space, and altitude to urban Seoul emissions. The second case studied, which occurred on 9 June 2016, reveals that increased levels of biogenic emissions, in combination with amplified urban emissions, were associated with severe levels of pollution and a regulatory exceedance at TRF. In summary, domestic emissions may be causing more pollution than by transboundary pathways, which have been historically believed to be the major source of air pollution in South Korea. The case studies are assessed with multiple aircraft, model (photochemical and meteorological) simulations, in situ chemical sampling, and extensive ground-based profiling at TRF. These observations clearly identify TRF and the surrounding rural communities as receptor sites for severe pollution events associated with Seoul outflow, which will result in long-term negative effects to both human health and agriculture in the affected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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