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The origin of propylitic fluids in intermediate sulfidation mineralization has not been investigated in detail. Here, we present an extensive petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic (O-H-Sr) study of propylitic epidote, chlorite, and calcite from the Zhengguang intermediate sulfidation epithermal Au-Zn deposit, NE China. Propylitic minerals can be divided into three main types based on their different textural occurrences, namely interstitial cement of clasts of hydrothermal breccia, replacement of primary plagioclase or hornblende, and vein infill of cracks, with late, minor calcite as amygdules in vesicles of andesite representing a fourth textural occurrence. The H-O isotope compositions and mass balance calculations suggest that most propylitic epidote records a dominant (> 50%) contribution of magmatic fluids. The decrease of the average δ18 O H 2 O values equilibrated with different types of epidote (cement 6.8 ± 0.7‰, replacement 5.1 ± 1.1‰, vein 4.5 ± 1.4‰, 1 SD), and the decreasing content of high-temperature elements (e.g., Cu-Mo) from cement, through replacement to vein epidote and chlorite, collectively indicates a decreasing role of magmatic fluids. Replacement epidote and chlorite are enriched in Sr-Mn-Y-Sb, whereas replacement epidote and calcite record similar (87Sr/86Sr)i values to the andesitic host rock, suggesting that replacement minerals inherit certain elements from plagioclase and hornblende, and the Sr isotope signature of the wall rocks. We highlight that propylitic alteration in epithermal deposits can involve significant proportions of magmatic fluids and texturally different alteration mineral types should be considered when using mineral isotopic or chemical compositions to track fluid sources or to vector towards the location of intrusive centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The La'erma and Qiongmo Au–Se deposits are characterized by a paragenetic Au–Se association hosted in the siliceous formation of the Cambrian Taiyangding Group in the western Qinling Orogen, central China. The La'erma and Qiongmo Au–Se deposits, which are considered to be the Carlin gold deposits, comprise a variety of selenides, native gold, and stibnite coexisting with baryte. Four stages have been recognized: sage I comprises pyrite and quartz with minor stibnite; stage II is composed mainly of sulfides; stage III is composed mainly of selenides; and stage IV is dominated by quartz–baryte–dickite. Stages II and III are the main metallogenic stages. Based on changes in mineral assemblages, combined with fluid inclusions and thermodynamic data, we evaluated the physicochemical conditions of the main metallogenic stages. The logfS2 values of ore-forming fluids at stage II ranged between −10.44 and −14.60 with logfSe2 being less than −10.70. Comparably, during stage III, which is characterized by numerous selenides, the logfS2 and logfSe2 ranged from −7.13 to −12.20 and −13.98 to −8.82, respectively. The occurrence of baryte during the mineralization suggests a consistently oxidizing condition, which can effectively remove Au from fluids. More importantly, this study emphasizes that the oxidizing condition was only a fundamental prerequisite for the deposition of selenides, and a high ∑Se/S ratio of the fluid ultimately controlled the precipitation of selenides. In the La'erma and Qiongmo deposits, intense water–rock reactions occurred as ore-forming fluids flowed into the Se-rich siliceous formations, resulting in an increase in the ∑Se/S ratio of the fluid and in the precipitation of selenides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late Triassic–Jurassic orogenic and Early Cretaceous epithermal Au deposits are significant producers of Au, Ag, and potentially critical elements (e.g., Te, Se and Sb) in the North Heilongjiang Belt in the Xing'an Block, NE China. However, the preservation mechanism of these Au deposits associated with tectonic evolution is unclear. Here, we conducted zircon U–Pb, sericite Ar–Ar, zircon and apatite (U–Th)/He dating as well as whole‐rock geochemistry in the Xing'an Block. Zircon U–Pb dating shows the ages of 174.1 ± 2.4 Ma for the granodiorite, 169.9 ± 1.6 Ma for the tonalite, 154.0 ± 2.0 Ma for the monzogranite and ca.122 Ma for the diorite. Sericite Ar–Ar dating presents plateau and isochron ages of 163.2 ± 1.8 Ma and 163.4 ± 2.8 Ma. The average apatite (U–Th)/He (AHe) and zircon (U–Th)/He (ZHe) ages from the Jurassic rocks have the ranges of ca. 146–89 Ma and ca. 150–116 Ma and from the Cretaceous are ca. 109–76 Ma and ca. 117–111 Ma, respectively. The Early‐Middle Jurassic intrusions are featured by the tonalite‐trondhjemite‐granodiorite (TTG) rock type. Late Jurassic monzogranite has the geochemical signature of adakitic rocks. The Early Cretaceous granitoids are classified as volcanic arc granites with a part of the Early Cretaceous granodiorite featured by adakitic. These new results reveal five group ages associated with tectonic evolution, Au mineralization and the preservation of the Au deposits. (i) Magmatic events were related to the subduction of the Mongolia‐Okhotsk Ocean during the Early Jurassic (ca. 177–170 Ma) and then the compressional settings with regional deformation (ca. 167–163 Ma). (ii) Thickening crust and orogenic Au mineralization were related to the closure of the Mongolia‐Okhotsk Ocean (ca. 154–145 Ma). (iii) The transformation was from compressional to extensional settings followed by exhumation during the Early Cretaceous (ca. 145–120 Ma), which is the factor of the exhumation of the orogenic Au deposits formed from the Late Triassic to Late Jurassic. (iv) Epithermal Au–Ag mineralization was associated with an extension related to the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate (ca. 120–100 Ma). (v) Thermal history shows one thermal event during the Late Cretaceous (ca. 89–76 Ma). The Au deposits have been preserved since the Late Cretaceous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Living in higher greenness level community has many benefits for pregnancy outcomes, however, few research have explored the relationship between greenness and spontaneous abortion (SAB). We aimed to analyze relationships between SAB and community greenness in Chinese pregnant women, and further assessed the modifying effects from air pollutants. Methods: We studied 90 890 pregnant women from the China Birth Cohort Study from February 2018 to December 2021. We diagnosed SAB by certified obstetricians and gynecologists. The level of exposure to greenness during the first trimester was measured using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI). Particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) were used as proxies of ambient air pollution. Time-dependent multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, with gestational weeks as the time scale, were used to analyze the association between SAB and greenness. We additionally performed subgroup analyses stratified by age, urbanicity, research location, season of birth, temperature, humidity and air pollution levels. Results: Lower SAB prevalence was related to living in greener places. A 0.1 unit increase in NDVI500m and EVI500m was significantly associated with a 12.3% (95% CI 9.9%, 15.5%) and 16.2% (95% CI 11.4%, 20.6%) lower risks of SAB, respectively. In sensitivity analysis, these relationships remained consistent. The associations were stronger among older, participants lived in the north of China and lived in places with higher PM2.5 and lower NO2 levels. Conclusions: Our findings indicate significantly inverse associations between community greenness and SAB in Chinese pregnant women, especially for older and participants who live in the north of China, the PM2.5 and NO2 may modify the effects of greenness on SAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serum uric acid (SUA) is considered as a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, current studies showed inconsistent results. This study aimed to explore the relationship between SUA levels and GDM risk. Eligible studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases up to November 1, 2022. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to represent the difference in SUA levels between GDM women and controls. The combined odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were applied to assess association between SUA levels and GDM risk. Subgroup analyses were conducted on study continents, design, and quality, detection time of SUA, and GDM diagnostic criteria. Totally 11 studies including five case-control and six cohort studies, in which 80,387 pregnant women with 9815 GDM were included. The overall meta-analysis showed that the mean SUA level in GDM group was significantly higher than in controls (SMD = 0.423, 95%CI = 0.019–0.826, p =.040, I2 = 93%). Notably, pregnant women with elevated levels of SUA had a significantly increased risk of GDM (OR = 1.670, 95%CI = 1.184–2.356, p =.0035, I2 = 95%). Furthermore, subgroup analysis performed on the detection time of SUA showed a significant difference in the association between SUA and GDM risk within different trimesters (1st trimester: OR = 3.978, 95%CI = 2.177–7.268; 1st to 2nd trimester: OR = 1.340, 95%CI = 1.078–1.667; p between subgroups <.01). Elevated SUA was positively associated with GDM risk, particularly in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Further studies with high quality are required to validate the findings of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen fugacity (fO2) is a key intensity variable during the entire magmatic‐hydrothermal mineralization courses. The redox state and its variations between different stages of the ore‐forming fluids of intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposits are rarely deciphered due to the lack of appropriate approaches to determine fO2 of the fluids. Here, we reported the δ34S of the sulfides from three different stages (stage I, II, III) of Zhengguang, an Early Ordovician Au‐rich intermediate sulfidation (IS) epithermal deposit, to decipher the redox evolution of the ore‐forming fluids. The increasing δ34S values from stage I pyrite (py1, average –2.6‰) through py2 (average –1.9‰) to py3 (average –0.2‰) indicates a decrease of the oxygen fugacity of the ore‐forming fluids. A compilation of δ34S values of sulfides from two subtypes of IS deposits (Au‐rich and Ag‐rich) from NE China shows that the δ34S values of sulfides from Au‐rich IS deposits are systematically lighter than those of Ag‐rich IS Ag‐Pb‐Zn deposit, indicating the ore‐forming fluids of the former are more oxidized than the latter. We highlight that sulfur isotopic composition of hypogene sulfides is an efficacious proxy to fingerprint the oxygen fugacity fluctuations of epithermal deposits and could potentially be used to distinguish the subtypes of IS deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toward solving the slow convergence and low prediction accuracy problems associated with XGBoost in COVID-19-based transmission prediction, a novel algorithm based on guided aggregation is presented to optimize the XGBoost prediction model. In this study, we collect the early COVID-19 propagation data using web crawling techniques and use the Lasso algorithm to select the important attributes to simplify the attribute set. Moreover, to improve the global exploration and local mining capability of the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm, a backward learning strategy has been introduced, and a chaotic search operator has been designed to improve GWO. In the end, the hyperparameters of XGBoost are continuously optimized using COLGWO in an iterative process, and Bagging is employed as a method of integrating the prediction effect of the COLGWO-XGBoost model optimization. The experiments, firstly, compared the search means and standard deviations of four search algorithms for eight standard test functions, and then, they compared and analyzed the prediction effects of fourteen models based on the COVID-19 web search data collected in China. Results show that the improved grey wolf algorithm has excellent performance benefits and that the combined model with integrated learning has good prediction ability. It demonstrates that the use of network search data in the early spread of COVID-19 can complement the historical information, and the combined model can be further extended to be applied to other prevention and control early warning tasks of public emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The China birth cohort study (CBCS) is a prospective longitudinal, mega-cohort study and the first national-based birth cohort study, aiming to establish a birth cohort covering representative geographical areas of the whole of China to investigate risk factors for birth defects and develop strategies for their reduction. Pregnant women who are of Chinese nationality, are 6–13+6 weeks of gestation, plan to attend the routine antenatal examination and deliver in the study site, and give their informed, written consent are eligible to participate in this study. All participants are followed-up through an in-person interview at 20–23+6 weeks and again at 28–33+6 weeks of gestation, and at delivery, respectively. CBCS has been divided into three phases from 20th November 2017 to 31st December 2021, and the first two phases have now been completed on 29th February 2020, enrolling 120 377 eligible pregnant women during this period. During the same period a total of 40 837 participants had been followed up to the end of pregnancy. Study recruitment will continue until December 2021 to achieve the target of 500 000 participants. Meanwhile, biological samples including peripheral blood, amniocytes, cord blood, placenta, or umbilical cord tissue have been collected from participants according to various conditions. The incidence of birth defects in this group is 2.5% and congenital heart disease is the most common type of birth defect seen so far. A website is in the advanced stages of planning, to allow seamless data transfer and facilitate collaboration with groups around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Our study finds that 6.9 percent of grade 7 students did not finish school, along with 12.3 percent of grade 8 students. • The social aspect of student dropout in rural China merits attention. • Push-out and pull-out peer factors are significantly associated with dropout. • Unstable peer relations can increase student dropout by 7 percentage points. • Association with dropout peers also significantly increases risk of dropout. Abstract A startling number of students drop out from junior high school in rural China every year. Little is known about the social aspect of the dropout process in rural China. The goal of this paper is to examine the relationship between student peer relations and dropout behavior in rural China's junior high schools. Covering 4596 students in 38 schools, our study finds that 6.9 percent of grade 7 students did not finish school, along with 12.3 percent of grade 8 students. Using a "push out and pull out" framework to understand peer relations, results suggest that both push out and pull out factors are strongly associated with student dropout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newly discovered Daxintun Sb-Au deposit (Heilongjiang province, NE China) is located at the north-eastern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, and it is hosted by Neoproterozoic to Early-Cambrian two-mica schist and marble. The antimony-bearing minerals include stibnite, famatinite, tetrahedrite, boulangerite, freibergite, and minor andorite. Gold occurs largely as native gold microparticles (0.1–20 μm) with high fineness (974–983) accompanied by quartz, stibnite, calcite and pyrite. Fluid inclusions in ore-bearing quartz and calcite phases mainly comprise liquid–vapor and minor CO 2 -bearing three-phase types, and the gas phases contain CO 2 , CH 4 and H 2 S. The Daxintun fluid inclusions homogenize at 111.8–353.4 °C and are of low salinity (0.53–12.51 wt% NaCl equiv.). The δ 18 O SMOW of the Daxintun quartz falls into a wide range (4.2‰–16.9‰), yet the δD SMOW falls into a narrow range (−108.0‰ to −87.3‰), suggesting that the ore-forming fluids formed from metamorphic fluids that mixed with meteoric water. The stibnite δ 34 S ranges between −0.9‰ and 5.1‰ (mean = 2.8‰). The stibnite has 206 Pb/ 204 Pb of 18.234–18.306, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb of 15.537–15.561 and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb of 38.103–38.227, implying a metamorphic fluid source. The conditions of gold and antimony precipitation are comprised of neutral pH and fluid mixing, with decreasing f S 2 and f O 2 . Zircon U-Pb dating of the fine-grained Daxintun granite yields a Late-Jurassic age (154.0 ± 2.0 Ma), and the Daxintun diorite dike yields a weighted mean age of 122.1 ± 1.3 Ma. Stibnite Rb-Sr dating suggests that the Sb-Au mineralization has an age of approximately 152.8 ± 2.4 Ma. The observed ore deposit geology, as well as new data on the ore-forming fluids, H-O-S-Pb isotopes, and Rb-Sr geochronology, suggest that the Daxintun Sb-Au deposit is best described as an orogenic type gold deposit that formed during subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific and the Mongolia–Okhotsk Oceans during the Late-Jurassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sandaowanzi (>22t Au) and Beidagou (>5t Au) tellurium–gold deposits are located in the northeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (Heilongjiang Province, NE China). The ore-hosting volcanic rocks unconformably overly monzogranite and were intruded by adakitic granodiorite. In this study, we report new-age, geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data to elucidate the genetic link between the igneous rocks and the Te–Au mineralization. New-age data indicate that local magmatism occurred in the Early Jurassic (ca. 177.2 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (ca. 118.7 − 122.0 Ma). Geochemically, the igneous rocks are enriched in LREEs, Pb, K, and U, and depleted in Nb, P, and Ti, showing calc-alkaline affinity. The Early Jurassic monzogranite rocks are featured by87Sr/86Sr = 0.7111−0.7118;εNd(t) = −4.6 to −4.7;206Pb/204Pb = 18.098−18.102,207Pb/204Pb = 15.558−15.580, and208Pb/204Pb = 37.781−37.928, whereas the Early Cretaceous adakitic granodiorite contains:87Sr/86Sr = 0.7071−0.7073;εNd(t) = − 3.4 to −3.2;206Pb/204Pb = 17.991−18.080,207Pb/204Pb = 15.483−15.508, and208Pb/204Pb = 37.938−37.985. Initial isotopic ratios for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks:87Sr/86Sr = 0.7061−0.7087;εNd(t) = − 3.6 to −2.9;206Pb/204Pb = 18.136−18.199,207Pb/204Pb = 15.512−15.628, and208Pb/204Pb = 38.064−38.155. The pyrite, chalcopyrite, and telluride grains yielded δ34S of −6.52 ‰ to 2.13 ‰ (mean = − 0.82 ‰) andδ13CPDBof the calcite samples are in the range of −6.64 ‰ to −5.24 ‰, implying the ore materials were derived from mantle. The geochemical and isotopic results indicate that primary melts of Late Mesozoic magmatic rocks have features by partial melting of the continental crust. The adakitic rocks may have been the products of the thickened lower crustal delamination and the subsequent asthenospheric upwelling during the intra-continental extension in NE China. Regionally, intrusive activity and molybdenum mineralization during the Jurassic was affected by subduction setting, whereas gold mineralization was controlled by the Early Cretaceous tectonothermal events associated with a superposition extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dongping gold deposit hosted in syenites is one of the largest hydrothermal gold deposits in China and composed of ore veins in the upper parts and altered zones in the lower parts of the ore bodies. Pervasive potassic alteration and silicification overprint the wall rocks of the ore deposit. The alteration minerals include orthoclase, microcline, perthite, quartz, sericite, epidote, calcite, hematite and pyrite, with the quartz, pyrite and hematite assemblages closely associated with gold mineralization. The phases of hydrothermal alteration include: (i) potassic alteration, (ii) potassic alteration - silicification, (iii) silicification - epidotization - hematitization, (iv) silicification - sericitization - pyritization and (v) carbonation. Mass-balance calculations in potassic altered and silicified rocks reveal the gain of K 2 O, Na 2 O, SiO 2 , HFSEs and transition elements (TEs) and the loss of REEs. Most major elements were affected by intense mineral reactions, and the REE patterns of the ore are consistent with those of the syenites. Gold, silver and tellurium show positive correlation and close association with silicification. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures in quartz veins range from 154 °C to 382 °C (peak at 275 °C–325 °C), with salinities of 4–9 wt.% NaCl equiv. At temperatures of 325 °C the fluid is estimated to have pH = 3.70–5.86, log f O 2 = − 32.4 to − 28.1, with Au and Te transported as Au (HS) 2 − and Te 2 2 − complexes. The ore forming fluids evolved from high pH and f O 2 at moderate temperatures into moderate-low pH, low f O 2 and low temperature conditions. The fineness of the precipitated native gold and the contents of the oxide minerals (e.g., magnetite and hematite) decreased, followed by precipitation of Au- and Ag-bearing tellurides. The hydrothermal system was derived from an alkaline magma and the deposit is defined as an alkaline rock-hosted hydrothermal gold deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Te-rich epithermal systems are associated with calc-alkaline magmatism in NE China. • Au, Ag, and Te were likely derived from deep intermediate-basic intrusions. • Productive high-grade Au-Ag-telluride ores formed under the influence of magmatic fluids. • The north Heilongjiang Belt has exploration potential for additional Te-bearing Au-Ag deposits. Tellurium-bearing low-sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag deposits are significant producers of gold, silver, and potentially strategic elements if mineral processing methods are optimized for recovery. Although these deposits are generally related to alkaline magmatism, our study documents an unusual occurrence of Te-rich low-sulfidation epithermal systems in the North Heilongjiang Belt in northeast China that is spatially and temporally associated with calc-alkaline magmatism and tectonic extension in a continental arc‐setting. In the North Heilongjiang Belt, Te-bearing Au-Ag deposits are usually sited in dilatant zones, mostly along extensional NW structures or at their intersections with deep‐seated NE-striking faults such as the Nenjiang-Heihe and Jiayin-Mudanjiang lineaments. Of these deposits, Sandaowanzi is well‐known for its bonanza gold grades. These faults localized andesitic to rhyolitic volcano-plutonic centers that evolved from mantle‐derived mafic melts to intermediate compositions due to differentiation and crustal assimilation as documented by their mineralogy and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope compositions. During assimilation of country rocks, fluids containing 3He and other volatiles derived from mantle magmas displaced or mixed with external groundwater containing radiogenic 4He derived from country rocks. In this belt, the bulk metal content of Au, Ag and Te was probably introduced by deep mantle‐derived mafic‐intermediate calc‐alkaline intrusions. However, our study does not exclude input of metals leached from underlying metasedimentary rocks and older Te‐bearing Au mineralization. The noble gas, hydrogen, oxygen and lead isotope compositions of fluid inclusions and ore minerals suggest that the deposits formed by mixing between magmatic fluids and convecting meteoric ground waters containing lead leached from surrounding country rocks. At deeper levels, isotopic evidence suggests that Au-Ag-Te (Bi) precipitated with pyrite, quartz, sericite, and carbonate minerals due to mixing with Te-rich fluids. At shallower levels, Au and Ag precipitated contemporaneously with base‐metal sulfides, hydrothermal quartz and sericite during episodic boiling as evidenced by silica morphology and mineral textures. The relatively uniform spacing of epithermal systems along NW- and NE-trending structures in the North Heilongjiang Belt was used to identify unexplored spaces within this mineral belt that are prospective for concealed low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposits. Although some of the Au-Ag deposits in this belt are enriched in Te, there is a lack of coeval alkaline igneous rocks that are commonly associated with Te-bearing gold deposits elsewhere in the world (e.g., Cripple Creek, Emperor, and Lihir Island). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for stroke. The primary purpose of this study was to estimate the 1-year direct and indirect costs of ischemic stroke in Chinese patients with AF. Method: A total of 300 charts were selected and reviewed in 18 hospitals from neurology departments in six major cities of China nationwide. Patients with primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke and secondary diagnosis of AF were selected for review. A total of 63 patients were selected from the chart review pool and followed up for 1 year to record their resource utilization and absenteeism from work following discharge. Results: The mean±SD age of the cohort was 70.2±11.8 years, with an average hospitalization duration of stay of 17.9 days. The mean total direct cost for AF-related stroke was estimated at 30,438.3 China Yuan (CNY) per patient-year. The major cost driver for direct cost was stroke’s acute hospitalization expense, which accounted for 61.5% (CNY 18,706.1). Among the seven patients not reaching the legal retirement age, the indirect cost per person-year totaled 16,838.9 CNY, most of which (63.0%) was a result of early retirement. The analysis also suggested that higher hospital ranking (based on the tier system), longer hospital stay, higher modified Rankin Scale score, taking surgery during hospitalization, receiving thrombolysis therapy, and incidence of complications such as pneumonia or cerebral edema predicted higher inpatient costs. Conclusions: Hospital costs due to strokes among patients with AF are the predominant contributor to the total direct cost, which is consistent with current hospital-centered treatment pattern in China. However, literature suggested that AF-induced strokes are highly preventable with drugs and clinical procedures, which highlights the importance of optimal clinical management of stroke prevention in patients with AF. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sandaowanzi gold deposit, Heilongjiang Province, is the only single telluride type gold deposit so far documented in the world, in which 90% of gold is hosted in gold-silver telluride minerals. Optical microscope observation, scanning electron microscope, electron probe and X-ray diffraction analysis identified abundant intergrowth textures in the Au-Ag-Te minerals, typified by sylvanite-hosting hessite crystals and hessite-hosting petzite crystals. The intergrown minerals and their chemistry are consistent, and the hosted minerals are mostly worm-like or as oriented stripes, evenly distributed in the hosting minerals, with clear and smooth interfaces. These suggest an exsolution origin for the intergrowth texture. With reference to the phase-transformation temperature derived from synthesis experiments of tellurides, the exsolution texture of Au-Ag-Te minerals implies that the veined tellurides formed at 150-220°C. The early stage disseminated tellurides formed at log f(Te) from −13.6 to −7.8, log f(S) from −11.7 to −7.6, whereas the late stage veined tellurides formed at log f(Te) ranging from −11.2 to −9.7 and log f(S) from −16.8 to −12.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Jia-Cha ore field belongs to the IS epithermal-porphyry system. • Micro-inclusions of sulfide display a similar zonation with the main metals. • The ages of mineralization for the epithermal-porphyry system is about 133–135 Ma. • The epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn deposits are genetically related to a porphyry Mo-Cu system. The Jiawula-Chaganbulagen (Jia-Cha) super-large, magmatic-hydrothermal Ag-Pb-Zn ore field in the southern Erguna Block, northeast China, is characterized by a large and well-developed alteration and metallic zonation (~56 km2) that is centered on porphyry Mo-Cu mineralization. The ore field includes two intermediate-sulfidation epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn deposits, which are located at Jiawula and Chaganbulagen. A weighted-mean molybdenite Re-Os age of 135.1 ± 2.1 Ma (MSWD = 0.16) and a molybdenite 187Re-187Os isochron age of 135.4 ± 2.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.44) were obtained for the Mo-Cu mineralization, and the host quartz monzonite porphyry yielded a weighted-mean zircon U-Pb age of 141.9 ± 2.4 Ma (MSWD = 0.044). Geochronological data suggest that the epithermal mineralization occurred at 135 to 133 Ma, and the porphyry age is little older than the porphyry-epithermal mineralization. The porphyry Mo-Cu mineralization is interpreted as the hydrothermal center of the ore field, based on the metal zonation:Mo-Cu → Zn-Cu → Zn-Cu-Pb-(Ag) → Zn-Pb-Ag-(Cu) → Ag (Au)-Pb-Zn → Ag, with vertical ore minerals zonation from deeper molybdenite-chalcopyrite to shallower sphalerite-galena-chalcopyrite through molybdenite-chalcopyrite-sphalerite. Trace element analyses by LA-ICP-MS of pyrite and pyrrhotite show that micro-inclusions exhibit similar "ore field-scale" trace element zonation: Bi-Ag → Bi-Sb-Ag → Sb-Ag. Geological and geochronological evidence indicates that the Jia-Cha epithermal system is genetically related to the adjacent porphyry Mo-Cu mineralization. XRF element mappings of the replaced ores revealed that late ore stage oxidizing fluids dissolved the early chalcopyrite at depth, and then replaced the sulfides in the main ore stage. Porphyry-epithermal mineralization system in the Jia-Cha ore field is significant for further exploration for porphyry Mo-Cu and epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn deposits in northeast China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Remnant cholesterol (RC) reportedly contributes to the development of diabetes mellitus. However, evidence on the relationship between maternal RC and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy is limited. This study aimed to assess the relationship between maternal RC and GDM risk during early pregnancy, and explore the potential pathways involved in the relationship between RC levels and GDM risk., Methods: From 2018 to 2021, a prospective birth cohort study was designed and carried out in China. The associations of maternal RC and other lipid parameters with GDM risk were estimated using logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines. Subgroup analyses were performed stratified by prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI), maternal age and gravidity. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore the mediating effect of some related factors on the relationship between RC levels and the risk of GDM., Results: A total of 33,018 pregnant women were included. The median RC level was 0.47 ± 0.20 mmol/L. The prevalence of GDM was 15.19%. As RC quartiles increased, the incidence of GDM increased substantially, reaching 19.24% for the highest quartile of RC (P < 0.001). Maternal RC in the first trimester was positively correlated with GDM risk (OR: 2.254, 95% CI: 1.943-2.615). Compared to the lowest RC quartile, higher RC quartiles were correlated with an increased risk of GDM, and the ORs (95% CIs) for Q3 and Q4 were 1.208 (1.101-1.325) and 1.489 (1.364-1.626), respectively. Moreover, a linear dose-response relationship was found for this association (P for all < 0.001, P for nonlinearity > 0.05) and was consistent across subgroups with different pre-BMIs, maternal ages and gravidities (all P values for interactions > 0.05). Furthermore, the correlation between RC level and GDM risk was partially mediated by pre-BMI (9.20%) and blood glucose level (-11.1%)., Conclusions: Higher maternal RC levels in the early stage of pregnancy was positively associated with an increased risk of developing GDM. This association was partially mediated by pre- BMI and blood glucose levels., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: To clarify the association between levothyroxine (LT4) treatment and various adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with thyrotropin (TSH) levels ranging between 2.5 and 10.0 mIU/L in the first trimester, stratified according to thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity and TSH level. Methods: This retrospective analysis of retrospectively and prospectively collected cohort data included Chinese pregnant women with TSH levels of 2.5-10 mIU/L and normal free thyroxine levels (11.8-18.4 pmol/L) in the first trimester. All participants were followed up until the completion of pregnancy, and information on LT4 treatment, pregnancy complications, and pregnancy outcomes was recorded. A 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching (PSM) between the LT4-treated and - untreated groups with a caliper distance of 0.02 was performed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Multivariable-adjusted modified Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of LT4 treatment for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Subgroup analyses were also performed in four subgroups simultaneously stratified by TPOAb status (negative or positive) and TSH levels (2.5-4.0 mIU/L as high-normal group and 4.0-10.0 mIU/L as SCH group). The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100047394). Results: Among the 4,370 pregnant women in the study, 1,342 received LT4 treatment and 3,028 did not. The 1:1 PSM yielded 668 pairs of individuals and revealed that LT4 treatment was significantly associated with a decreased risk of pregnancy loss (RR = 0.528, 95% CI: 0.344-0.812) and an increased risk of small-for-gestational-age infants (RR = 1.595, 95% CI: 1.023-2.485). Subgroup analyses suggested that the above effects of LT4 treatment were mainly from TPOAb-negative participants. LT4 treatment was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (RR = 2.214, 95% CI: 1.016-4.825) in TPOAb-positive pregnant women with high-normal TSH levels. Conclusion: LT4 treatment was significantly associated with a lower risk of pregnancy loss and a higher risk of small-for-gestational-age infants in pregnant women with TSH levels of 2.5-10 mIU/L. An increased risk of preterm birth was observed in the LT4-treated group among TPOAb-positive participants with TSH levels of 2.5-4.0 mIU/L.

Purpose: This study evaluated the association between maternal serum uric acid-to-creatinine ratio (SUA/SCr) in the first trimester and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A prospective birth cohort study was conducted between 2018 and 2021. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were utilized to estimate the associations between the SUA/SCr ratio and feto-maternal pregnancy outcomes. Women were stratified according to maternal age and pre-pregnancy body mass index. Results: This study included 33,030 pregnant women with live singleton pregnancies. The overall prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), cesarean delivery, preterm birth, large-for-gestational age (LGA), small-for-gestational age, and low Apgar scores were 15.18%, 7.96%, 37.62%, 4.93%, 9.39%, 4.79% and 0.28%, respectively. The highest quartile of SUA/SCr was associated with the highest risk of GDM (odds ratio [OR] 2.14, 95% CI 1.93-2.36), PIH (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.58-2.04), cesarean delivery (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.16-1.33), and preterm birth (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12-1.51). The associations between SUA/SCr with adverse pregnancy outcomes showed linear relationships except for GDM (P < 0.001 for all, P < 0.001 for non-linearity). Subgroup analyses revealed that the associations between the SUA/SCr ratio and the risks of PIH and LGA were significantly stronger in younger pregnant women (P = 0.033 and 0.035, respectively). Conclusion: Maternal SUA/SCr levels were associated positively with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Timely monitoring of SUA and SCr levels during early pregnancy may help reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and provide a basis for interventions., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

This prospective birth cohort study evaluated the association of exposure to PM 2.5 (diameter ≤2.5 μm), PM 1-2.5 (1-2.5 μm), and PM 1 (≤1 μm) with maternal thyroid autoimmunity and function during early pregnancy. A total of 15,664 pregnant women were included at 6 to 13 +6 gestation weeks in China from 2018 to 2020. Single-pollutant models using generalized linear models (GLMs) showed that each 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 and PM 1-2.5 was related with 6% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.12) and 15% (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22) increases in the risk of thyroid autoimmunity, respectively. The odds of thyroid autoimmunity significantly increased with each interquartile range increase in PM 2.5 and PM 1-2.5 exposure ( P for trend <0.001). PM 1 exposure was not significantly associated with thyroid autoimmunity. GLM with natural cubic splines demonstrated that increases in PM 2.5 and PM 1-2.5 exposure were associated with lower maternal FT4 levels, while a negative association between PM 1 and FT4 levels was found when exposure exceeded 32.13 μg/m 3 . Only PM 2.5 exposure was positively associated with thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Our findings suggest that high PM exposure is associated with maternal thyroid disruption during the early pregnancy.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused far-reaching changes in all areas of society. However, limited data have focused on the long-term impacts on perinatal psychological health. This study aims to evaluate long-term impacts of COVID-19 pandemic crisis on psychological health among perinatal women and investigate associated factors., Study Design: A multicenter, cross-sectional study, the psychological subproject of China Birth Cohort Study (CBCS), was conducted in 2021. Demographic and obstetric characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, psychological status, and COVID-19-pandemic-related factors were obtained. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia of participants were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of adverse psychological symptoms., Results: Totally, 1,246 perinatal women were enrolled, with the overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms being 63.16, 41.89, and 44.38%, respectively. Perinatal women who needed psychological counseling and were very worried about the COVID-19 pandemic were 1.8 to 7.2 times more likely to report symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Unemployment, flu-like symptoms, younger maternal age, and previous diseases before pregnancy were risk factors for depression, anxiety, or insomnia., Conclusion: Our study revealed that the prevalence of perinatal depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms was at a high level even 1 year after the pandemic outbreak, implying pandemic-associated long-term psychological impacts on perinatal women existed. Government should not only pay attention to the acute effects of psychological health but also to long-term psychological impacts on perinatal women after major social events., Key Points: · The prevalence of perinatal psychological symptoms was at a high level after the COVID-19 outbreak.. · Perinatal women who were very worried about COVID-19 were more often to have psychological symptoms.. · Perinatal women with demands of mental counseling were more likely to report psychological symptoms.., Competing Interests: None declared., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).)

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, and safety of two tablet formulations of capecitabine 500 mg in Chinese patients with breast, colorectal or gastric cancer under fed condition., Methods: A multicentric, randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-period, two-way crossover trial was conducted by randomizing a single oral dose of test (T) or reference (R, Xeloda®) capecitabine (500 mg) to patients of either sex with colon, colorectal or breast cancer under fed condition (high-fat and high-calorie diet). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental methods. Patients were monitored for safety and tolerability throughout the study., Results: 74 subjects were randomly enrolled. The T/R geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for C max , AUC 0-t and AUC 0-∞ of capecitabine were 96.60% (85.87-108.67%), 99.07% (95.40-102.89%), 99.17% (95.29-103.21%), respectively. All 90% CIs fell within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 80.00-125.00%. The common adverse events (AEs) included clinically significant laboratory abnormalities and gastrointestinal diseases. There were no serious adverse events (SAEs) or deaths during the study. No subject withdrew from the study due to AEs., Conclusion: Single oral intake of test and the reference capecitabine tablets were bioequivalent under fed condition and had similar favourable safety profiles in Chinese patients with breast, colorectal or gastric cancer., Trial Registration: chinadrugtrials.org.cn (CTR20182110)., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest for this work., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Preclinical studies showed that HC-1119, a deuterated version of enzalutamide, could competitively inhibit androgen binding to androgen receptor by blocking the transmission of androgen receptor signaling pathway as enzalutamide, inducing apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and reducing the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Animal pharmacokinetic studies also show that deuterization of enzalutamide as HC-1119 could retain the basic properties of mother drug, increases the stability of compounds to metabolic enzymes and the drug exposure in vivo, prolong the half-life and reduce the production of metabolites, which may lead to a better efficacy and safety of HC-1119 compared with enzalutamide., Methods: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of HC-1119 and the effects of food on pharmacokinetics in healthy adult Chinese men after single-dose administration of HC-1119. A total of 47 Chinese healthy adult male subjects received HC-1119 soft capsule at a single oral dose of 40, 80, or 160 mg followed on fasting or 160 mg after high-fat meal respectively. HC-1119 prototype and its metabolites M1 and M2 in plasma were collected individually in a total 23 time points. Pharmacokinetics were determined by sensitive LC/MS/MS for dose-proportionality study., Results: In subjects taking HC-1119 soft capsules on fasting, C max of HC-1119 prototype increased dose-dependently. Either C max and AUC 0-∞ of M1 or C max of M2 showed statistically significant difference. Dose-proportionality evaluation showed linear pharmacokinetic characteristics in C max of HC-1119 prototype, C max and AUC 0-∞ of M2 in dose range of 40-160 mg. C max of HC-1119 was significantly different between the two groups as 160 mg HC-1119 on fasting or after a high-fat diet respectively, while the other parameter were not. HC-1119 and its metabolites M1 and M2 showed a linear dynamic trend., Conclusions: HC-1119 is expected to have lower clinical dose than the similar drug enzalutamide. The absorption of HC-1119 and the main pharmacokinetic parameters of HC-1119 and its metabolites M1 and M2 were not affected by high-fat diet. The clinical application of HC-1119 soft capsule in the later stage can be recommended for both fasting and postprandial. The safety and tolerance were good in this population., (© 2021 The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Purpose: Ovarian cancer is the 7th leading cancer diagnosis and the 8th leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. We conducted this study to investigate the incidence of ovarian cancer internationally., Methods: The trends in ovarian cancer incidence were analyzed through the latest data of CI5 over the 40-year period from 21 populations in 4 continents using Joinpoint analysis, ASRs and proportions of different histological subtypes in those populations were also analyzed using volume XI of CI5., Results: ASRs of ovarian cancer were from 7.0 to 11.6 per 100,000 in non-Asia populations during 2008-2012. In Asia, the ASR in Israel (Jews) were the highest, up to 8.1 per 100,000 in the same period. The international trends from 1973 to 2012 showed that ASRs of ovarian cancer were decreasing in 8 of 21 selected populations, whereas ASRs in Slovakia, Spain (Navarra) and China (Shanghai) were increasing. Meanwhile, there are certain differences in the main pathological classification patterns within different regions. In Asia, China (Hong Kong) and Japan both have a higher ASRs and proportions for clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas, while Japan has the highest ASRs and proportions for mucinous carcinomas., Conclusion: Although the reasons for those trends were not entirely clear, environmental, reproductive and genetic factors were likely to have led to these patterns. Meanwhile, more attention and further study should be given to the etiological factors of histology-specific ovarian cancer.

Background: Systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP) of 130 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg has been recently defined as stage 1 hypertension by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension guideline. To what extent this BP stratum affects cardiovascular risk needs to be quantified in considering its adoption in China., Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the relative risk and population-attributable risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with stage 1 hypertension and age-specific differences., Methods: In total, 21,441 participants age ≥35 years and free of CVD at baseline were followed for up to 20 years in the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and population-attributable risk for CVD associated with stage 1 hypertension were calculated., Results: Participants with stage 1 hypertension accounted for 25.8% of the cohort. Among participants age 35 to 59 years, the HR comparing stage 1 hypertension to BP <120/<80 mm Hg for CVD incidence was 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50 to 2.11), coronary heart disease incidence was HR: 1.77 (95% CI: 1.33 to 2.36), stroke incidence was HR: 1.79 (95% CI: 1.45 to 2.22), and CVD mortality was HR: 2.50 (95% CI: 1.66 to 3.77). The proportions of cardiovascular deaths and events attributable to stage 1 hypertension were 26.5% and 13.4% among participants age 35 to 59 years, respectively. Among participants age ≥60 years, however, stage 1 hypertension was not related to increased risk compared with BP <120/<80 mm Hg, and population-attributable risk associated with this stratum was not found. Over a 15-year period, 65.0% of participants age 35 to 59 years with stage 1 hypertension experienced an increase in BP to 140/90 mm Hg or higher, and they had a 3.01-fold increased cardiovascular risk compared with those who maintained BP <130/<80 mm Hg., Conclusions: The effect of 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association stage 1 hypertension on cardiovascular risk is evidenced in young and middle-aged Chinese adults, but not in those age ≥60 years., (Copyright © 2018 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: To investigate the unique features of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children, we wanted to identify whether there might be a strong correlation between the disease phenotype and its prognosis at various ages in paediatric patients., Methods: We collected data from patients diagnosed with IBD (ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD)) from 2002 to 2016. The diagnosis was made according to the Porto criteria and Paris Classification. Patient characteristics, clinical manifestations and treatments were collected. Risk factors for surgery, mortality and relapse were analysed by Cox proportional hazard models., Results: Of the 143 patients, 113 had CD, and 30 had UC; there were 89 males and 54 females with a median age of 9 years (y). Thirteen patients in the 0-2 y group were identified as having mutations in IL-10 receptor A, and this mutation was significantly more common in this age group than in 3-9 and 10-16 y patients. The risk factor for surgery was the B3 phenotype; risk factors for death were age 0-2 y and B3 phenotype; 0-2 y, B3 phenotype and steroid dependency were risk factors for early relapse., Conclusions: Clinical manifestations of the onset of IBD in infants and toddlers were extensive and aggressive and were closely associated with early relapse and death. It is of particular interest that some of these patients developed IBD due to monogenic disorders; thus, introduction of genetic testing is essential for these patients.

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16754 of the WT1 gene has been described as a possible prognostic marker in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the results in this field are not reproducible in different cohorts. In this study, we investigated WT1 mutations, expression levels and SNP rs16754 in a cohort of 122 adult patients with AML. As the major allele (65.6%) in a Chinese population, WT1(GG) was associated with younger age (≤ 60) and lower percentage of blasts than WT1(GA/AA). Meanwhile, improved overall survival (OS, p = 0.035) and disease-free survival (DFS, p = 0.021) were observed in WT1(GG) compared with WT1(GA/AA). We then found that WT1 mutation, occurring in 8% of patients with AML, did not predict clinical outcome. Finally, WT1 levels were higher in patients with WT1(GG) than in those with WT1(GA/AA). However, high levels of WT1 (> median) predicted worse OS (p = 0.015) and DFS (p = 0.034) than low levels of WT1 (≤ median). However, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of why WT1(GG), which was associated with higher median expression of WT1 that predicts worse OS and DFS compared to low expression of WT1, predicted better OS and DFS compared with WT1(GA/AA). In summary, WT1 rs16754 and WT1 expression have a significant impact on clinical outcome in patients with AML.