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This study evaluates optimal carbon‐neutral power supply strategy in China up to 2060 with a multi‐region high spatial and temporal dynamic optimal power expansion planning model. Furthermore, this study explores installable potential of hydrogen and fuel cell system and analyzes the influences of its capital cost reduction at different levels. The results show that the national installed capacity would rise to be over 9000 GW in 2060, in which wind and solar PV will take up around 61%; the intermittency of renewable power generation is mainly managed with hydrogen production, power output curtailment and charge and discharge of energy storage; hydrogen and fuel cell system would improve the capacity factor and reduce the curtailment rate of renewable power generation. © 2023 The Authors. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the various technological options for the future development of China's electric power sector taking into consideration its environmental impact. A baseline case, four sulfur control cases, and two carbon control cases were simulated in the least-cost optimization energy model. The calculated results show that with no environmental constraints coal-fired power plants would remain China's least-cost option to satisfy its rapidly growing electricity demand in the future. Sulfur control alone in China's electric power sector would have a limited impact on the improvement of its overall generation efficiency and carbon emissions, and carbon control would bring not only significant sulfur and carbon emission mitigation but also an improvement in the overall generation efficiency and fuel switching from coal to natural gas. The low marginal costs of carbon mitigation in China's electric power sector show that future possible international cooperation with the sector on climate change issues such as the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol would be cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]