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Green infrastructure has become a critical part of society for environmental sustainability. Students studying in public urban spaces seem less satisfied with their living standards and environmental conditions. This research aims to determine the impact of perceived danger in urban public spaces, green infrastructure, and ecological education on student satisfaction. Additionally, this study considers the moderating effects of ecological education and green infrastructure. Data were collected from 350 students at public schools and colleges. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used for data analysis. The study found a significant direct relationship between perceived danger in urban public spaces, green infrastructure, ecological education, and student satisfaction. Moreover, the moderating effects of green infrastructure and ecological education are significant in increasing student satisfaction. This research is based on a novel idea and contributes a newly developed model to the body of knowledge on student satisfaction and ecological education. The research has both theoretical and practical implications for improving student satisfaction through ecological education and green infrastructure. The limitations of this research are described, along with future directions to guide researchers in their future studies.

Urban land serves as the medium for urban economic and residential activity. The degree of intensive and efficient use of urban land and the coordinated growth of the economy and society are significantly impacted by utilization efficiency. Northwest China's temperature, geography, water, and soil characteristics make less of the region suited for urban development. Thus, it is imperative to investigate Northwest China's urban land use efficiency (ULUE). This study applies the efficiency loss model to highlight the discrepancy between the optimal and actual values of each input-output variable of the ULUE, and uses the Super-SBM model to compute the ULUE of 39 cities. Additionally, the internal driving elements of the ULUE are examined using the Global Malmquist-Luenberger (GML) index. This study discovered that Northwest China had a low ULUE, with a modest upward trend seen between 2004 and 2018. The overall shape of the region was similar to an 'N' curve, with high efficiency values concentrated in the southeast of the region in 2018. When considering the agglomeration impact of urban agglomeration, these results are dependable. Moreover, the efficiency loss model discovered that pollution and wasteful resource usage were the main reasons behind the drop in ULUE in Northwest China. Finally, the GML index and its constituents revealed that the main force behind ULUE's growth in Northwest China is technological developments. This research provides important policy implications for reducing the gap between eastern and western regions, supporting high-quality development in northwest China, and protecting and intensively using urban land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial ventures are established in large numbers in China. The success rate of these entrepreneurial ventures is lower than that of new startups. Mismanagement and a lack of creative skills among entrepreneurs are cited as reasons for entrepreneurial failure in China. The current study investigates the impact of entrepreneurial networking and new venture intention on entrepreneurial success in China, with psychological capital and entrepreneurial optimism serving as moderators. 483 responses were collected from business students in China for data analysis. The findings of the study reveal that the impact of entrepreneurial networking and new venture intention on entrepreneurial success in China, with the moderating role of psychological capital and entrepreneurial optimism, is significant. The theoretical framework of this research has novelty as it introduces new moderating relationships of psychological capital and entrepreneurial optimism in the model of entrepreneurial success. Practically, this study has revealed that entrepreneurial success can be achieved with entrepreneurial networking, entrepreneurial optimism, psychological capital, and new venture intention. The directions of this research point out additional gaps in the literature that scholars should discuss in subsequent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public demand for environmental protection and environmental governance has a profound impact on enterprises' innovation behavior. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2018, this study uses a unit root to co-integration approach and the Panel Data Vector Autoregression model to empirically test the two-way dynamic relationship among green technology innovation, public environmental demands, and government environmental governance. The results show that both public environmental demands and environmental governance stimulate enterprises' green technology innovation; the estimated coefficient of government environmental governance and public environmental demands is 0.6681 and 0.0337, respectively. The incentive effect of environmental governance was more significant than that of public demands. Public environmental demands and green technology innovation have a bidirectional link, while environmental governance and green technology innovation share a two-way causality; meanwhile, environmental governance and public environmental demands share a unidirectional causal link. This study uses Impulse Response Function and Variance Decomposition to validate the outcomes, which shows that environmental governance's positive effect is more direct, while the effect of public demand has a time-lag impact, and the relationship among the three main variables is stable after the tenth period. The largest contribution to green technology innovation is environmental governance, with an explanation degree of 22.01%, followed by institutional quality (13.30%), and then public environmental demands (4.8%). These conclusions are not only significant for China to deal with the relationship among the public, government, and enterprises in the process of environmental governance, but also a valuable reference for other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government investment in environmental protection (Govin) plays a key role in stimulating private green investment (Prinv) to preserve the ecological environment with economic profits. To examine the effect of Govin on Prinv, this study uses data from 2010 to 2020 on green A-listed companies in China and estimates a dynamic panel model by using both the difference generalized method of moments and system generalized method of moments. The results indicate that Govin has a crowding-in effect on Prinv, and this conclusion is confirmed by several robustness tests. Furthermore, we identify revenues as a potential mechanism variable to explain how Govin affects Prinv. In addition, this study finds regional and enterprise ownership differences in the crowding in effect of Chinese Govin. Finally, based on these outcomes, the study suggests that the government should rationally and dynamically adjust the contents of public environmental investment and optimise its structure to effectively promote the development of green, low-carbon, and circular economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employed fixed effects (FE) models, difference-in-differences (DID) methods, and mediating effect (ME) models to explore the total effect, structural effect, heterogeneous characteristics, and impact mechanism of digital inclusive finance (DIF) on green technology innovation (GTI) from 2011 to 2020. We derived the following results. First, DIF can significantly improve the level of GTI, and the positive role of internet digital inclusive finance is greater than that of traditional banks, but the three dimensions of the DIF index have different impacts on such innovation. Second, the impact of DIF on GTI has a "siphon effect," which is significantly promoted in regions with stronger economic power and inhibited in those with weaker economic power. Finally, there is an influence mechanism of "digital inclusive finance → financing constraints → green technology innovation." Our findings provide evidence to establish a lasting effect mechanism for DIF to promote GTI, and they have important reference value for other countries to develop DIF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China seems ambitious to achieve a "carbon emissions peak" before 2030 and "carbon neutrality" before 2060. To deal with this emissions mitigation plan, technology innovations are regarded as a crucial factor. However, considering its rebound effect (CO2 emissions driving effect) through economic growth, technology innovations might not prove a promising contributor to CO2 reduction. Therefore, there is a need to investigate further the nexus between technology innovations and CO2 emissions for conclusive debate. Based on the data of 215 cities in China, this paper uses mediating effects model to investigate the direct and indirect impacts (through economic growth and industrial structure transformation) of technology innovations on CO2 emissions from a microeconomic perspective. The main results suggest that technology innovations generally increase CO2 emissions in China both directly and indirectly. The impact of technology innovations and economic growth on CO2 emissions indicated the EKC characteristics. Furthermore, the contributions of technology innovations to CO2 emissions are distinguished in different regions. Thus, there is an urgent need for China to promote innovations in "clean technology" and to transform industrial structure to the tertiary industry to achieve the targets of carbon neutrality and emissions peaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research study encapsulates Pakistan's geopolitical standing vis-à-vis the US and China with the commencement of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). It also reflects upon the multi-dimensional aspects of the Pakistan's geo-strategic importance for both, by primarily focusing on security, economics and politics. Parallel to this, Pakistan's strategic perspective regarding the onset of CPEC and its initiatives to further solidify its relationship with China is highlighted. The impact of the initiation of CPEC upon the US - Pak equation is also deliberated. Theoretical prism of 'Complex Interdependence' put forth by Robert Koehane and Joseph Nye is employed to explain, how economic and social interactions pave way for the mutual security stakes across the board. One of the key inference is, overlapping and interconnectedness of the geopolitical, geo-economic and geostrategic theoretical ideas and practices are relevant at the global and regional level equally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-year experiment was carried out at Shenyang Agricultural University's research field area in China to evaluate the impact of the combined application of straw mulch (0 and 8 t ha−1) and biochar (0, 4, 12, and 36 t ha−1) on the morphological traits and grain development of rainfed maize during 2018 and 2019. The results showed that straw mulch and different biochar application rates significantly impacted the maize growth index. Compared to non-biochar-treated soils, the introduction of straw mulch improved plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index (LAI), leaves, stem, root, and crop growth rate (CGR), and dry weight of rainfed maize crop. The highest plant height, stem diameter, LAI, leaves, stem, root growth rate, CGR, and dry weight of rainfed maize crop were reported when soil was treated with a higher rate of biochar (36 t ha−1). Biochar increased grain filling rate while decreasing grain filling duration in rainfed maize crops. Our results indicate that straw mulch and biochar-based soil management strategies can improve the rainfed maize growth with the environmental benefits of global warming mitigation. However, due to the wide range of biochar properties, the interactions between straw mulch and biochar should be given special consideration in the maize cropping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research study provides a comprehensive bibliometric assessment in the field of Software Testing (ST). The dynamic evolution in the field of ST is evident from the publication rate over the last six years. The research study is carried out to provide insight into the field of ST from various research bibliometric aspects. Our methodological approach includes dividing the six-year time frame into the set of two symmetric but different periods (2016–2018) and (2019–2021) comprising a total of 75,098 records. VOSViewer is used to perform analysis with respect to collaboration network of countries and co-word assessment. Bibliometrix (Studio R) analysis tool is used to evaluate research themes/topics. The year 2019 leads the publication rate whereas a decrement in publication frequency is observed for the years 2020 and 2021. Our research study shows the influence of ST in other research domains as depicted in different research areas. Especially the impact of ST in the Electrical and Electronics Domain is quite notable. Most of the research publications are from the USA and China as they are among the most resourceful countries. On the whole, the majority of the publications are from Asian countries. Collaboration networks amongst countries demonstrate the fact that the higher the collaboration network, the greater would be the research output. Co-word analysis presents the relatedness of documents based on the keywords. The topic dendrogram is generated based on the identified research themes. Although English is the leading language, prominent studies are present in other languages also. This research study provides a comprehensive analysis based on 12 informative research questions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to extract the polyphenols from three major seaweed species such as Sargassum miyabei, Undaria pinnatifida suringar, and Sargassum thunbergii, which are found in the coastal province (Guangdong), a longest coastal line in China. It was found that the Sargassum thunbergii produced more polyphenols (34.99 mg) as compared to Sargassum miyabei (23.26 mg) and Undaria pinnatifida suringar (25.34 mg), respectively. The orthogonal method was used for the extraction of phenolic compounds and extraction condition of each seaweed species was optimized. The antioxidant activity of extracted polyphenols from all three species stated that the polyphenols extracted from Undaria pinnatifida suringar demonstrated the highest antioxidative activity. Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was used for qualitative analysis of polyphenols, which revealed that the major components of polyphenols extracted from Undaria pinnatifida suringar were gallic acid and arbutin followed by syringate in Sargassum miyabei and phloretin in Sargassum thunbergii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyzed the long-run (LR) and short-run (SR) effects of renewable and non-renewable energy (RE and NRE) usage, economic development (ED), agricultural value-added (AVA), and forestry area (FA) on the environmental quality (EQ) in China spanning from 1990 to 2015. The autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) bounds testing method and the Johansen cointegration approach are applied to produce empirical estimates. The empirical results of the ARDL and the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) estimators established that renewable energy usage and forest area reduce CO2 emissions and improve the environmental quality, while non-renewable energy consumption, economic development, and agricultural output increase the level of CO2 emissions in China. The robustness of outcomes is checked through the Granger causality test, impulse response function (IRF), and variance decomposition method (VDM) suggesting that fossil fuel usage in the agriculture production process is mainly accountable for China's CO2 emissions. These findings have inherent policy implications for the central and local Chinese government, which are exhibited in the "Conclusions" section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important production factor, land resources significantly impact green technology innovation. However, the misallocation of land resources caused by the government's "second-hand" land supply strategy has become increasingly prominent, which will adversely affect green technology innovation by affecting the allocation of innovative elements. Based on the research data of 252 cities in China from 2008 to 2017, this paper uses panel space measurement estimation and panel threshold estimation empirical methods to test the theoretical hypothesis of the impact of misallocation of land resources on green technology innovation. The study finds that local or neighboring land resources' misallocation has a hindering effect on local green technology innovation. Furthermore, the misallocation of land resources has a threshold effect on the impact of green technology innovation. The relatively high level of local economic development and environmental regulation reduces the restraining effect of the misallocation of land resources on green technology innovation, and vice versa. Therefore, local governments should optimize the allocation of innovative elements, accelerate the construction of an efficient and market-oriented green technology innovation system, reduce the excessive intervention in land resources, and enhance the vitality of innovation entities to improve the level of green technology innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 onset has questioned the proclaimed notions of Globalization such as shared prosperity and security across the board. The ongoing pandemic once again calls for collective action in men and material terms rather than erecting technology barriers and doubting the intentions of each other. This paper aims to address the following inter-related queries: What is the nature of China's health-based assistance to the South Asian states for mitigating the COVID-19 risks? How and why do the United States and India remain skeptical of Chinese anti COVID- 19 Vaccine efforts? And how do other South Asian states perceive Chinese contributions to deal with the ongoing Pandemic? And, finally what lessons can be learned from this divergent debate centered on: Chinese Vaccine Diplomacy? Comparison and contrast of the available information is employed as an analytical technique to determine the nature of skepticism surrounding the Chinese vaccination campaign in South Asia. Consulting data on three various accounts assisted to conclude the findings of this research paper. The findings of this study establish that Western and Indian skepticism, directed against Chinese health diplomacy in South Asia is motivated by their geopolitical contestations with China. In nutshell, the paper's main thrust is to stress the essential value of mutual cooperation in dealing with the Pandemic like COVID-19. There is a need to embrace the concept of 'holistic security' in the highly interconnected world of today and tomorrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to analyze the impact of trade and financial liberalization on idiosyncratic risk of firms based on industry sectors. The results of the study revealed a number of salient features and characteristics of emerging economies such as China and Malaysia, which are the subjects of this study. The empirical findings indicate that Malaysian firms are more susceptible to liberalization activities as compared to firms in China. Furthermore, both trade and financial liberalization are more beneficial to Malaysian firms as compared to firms in China. The results also indicate that financial liberalization does not provide as many benefits to most industry sectors in China. The empirical evidence also stipulates that even though Malaysian economic sectors are more heavily influenced by financial and trade liberalization, China's economy could be positively impacted as a result of an increase in trade liberalization efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the dynamic association among crop production, livestock production, power consumption in agriculture, forest area, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Based on the annual data of China, spanning the period 1990 to 2016, the study applied the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. In addition, the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and the Granger causality tests are employed to check the robustness of the ARDL estimations. The ARDL-bounds testing approach indicated that all variables share a long-run connection. The long- and short-run ARDL estimations confirmed that crop production, as well as livestock production, has a significant positive effect on CO2 emissions in both cases. However, power consumption in agriculture and forest area has a negative effect on it, indicating that both variables reduce CO2 emissions in the long and short run. These results stood robust under various regression estimators and confirmed the findings of the ARDL method. Additionally, the results of the causality approach specified that a unidirectional causality is running from crop production, power consumption in agriculture, and forest area to CO2 emissions. The causality between livestock production and CO2 emissions is bidirectional. Therefore, the directions of this connection also validate the outcomes under various techniques used for robustness. These findings suggest that the government must reconsider its policies related to agricultural and livestock production and adopt environment-friendly practices in the agriculture sector that may reduce the carbon footprints in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the relationship between China's exchange rate, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and economic development. We applied the bound testing approach on aggregate level data from 1981 to 2013. The results showed that the Chinese economy benefitted from a lower exchange rate over this period, and that there was a direct link between FDI inflows and economic development on an aggregate level both in the long and short run. The results of the Granger causality test identified a long‐ and short‐run association among these variables. The GMM estimations with dummies for financial crises and RMB exchange rate policy fluctuations also confirmed the growth enhancing impact of the exchange rate and FDI inflows. To promote sustainable economic development in the future, China should focus on improving the levels of domestic investment and human capital, as well as supervising the level of openness and capital controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of renewable energy is the key to tackling climate changes and ensuring energy security. Meanwhile, the process is usually associated with a huge investment and financing gap, especially for transitional countries like China. Hence, developing and innovating the traditional financial system is urgent. However, existing studies have mainly focused on traditional financial perspectives, and few papers have critically examined how digital financial inclusion affects the growth of renewable energy industries. To this end, using Chinese provincial data from 2011 to 2020 and applying Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method, this study explores the effect of financial inclusion on renewable energy and its underlying mechanisms from the production and consumption perspectives. It is found that the impact of financial inclusion on the production side of the renewable energy industry is significantly better than on the consumption side, and there is heterogeneity effect in different energy resource varieties, different regional locations, and different financial regulation intensities. The financial inclusion on renewable energy has a significant pulling effect in photovoltaic and wind provinces, but not in large hydropower provinces. Then, its driving effect is particularly pronounced in the northern region. Nonetheless, it is not significant for renewable energy consumption in the southern region. Besides, this positive effect cannot be achieved without stronger financial regulation. The mechanism of action assessment finds that optimizes the consumption pattern, increase the competition of commercial banks, and improve technological innovation all contribute to the positive effect whereas, FDI shows the negative effect. This study provides new evidence on China's achievement of the energy transition, suggesting the need to further improve incentives for FDI firms and to strengthen consumption-side guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cereal and oilseed crops possess significance in meeting global food security. China, housing the most number of people, remains the top importer of oilseed crops (i.e., soybeans) to produce energy and meet its food needs. With such significance, the present study investigates the impact of meteorological factors on soybean production in China using the annual data from 1978 to 2020. It also incorporated other essential determinants of soybean production, such as agricultural subsidy, cultivated area, and fertilizer use. For data analysis, it employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method and the Quantile Regression (QR) technique. The findings from an ARDL model unveiled meteorological factors such as the yearly average temperature and CO 2 emissions declined soybean production in the long–run and short–run analysis, whereas the yearly average precipitation improved soybean production. Besides, agricultural subsidy, cultivated area, and fertilizer use also enhanced soybean production in the long–and short–run analyses. In addition, the findings from the Quantile Regression (QR) technique showed that temperature and CO 2 emissions negatively affected soybean production in each quantile (i.e., 0.1–0.90), while precipitation and agricultural subsidy positively augmented soybean production across all quantiles (i.e., 0.1–0.90). Based on these results, the study provides clear policy implications, such as governments should provide crop-specific subsidies instead of input-based subsidies to embolden the impact of agricultural subsidies. Also, ecological improvement campaigns should be launched to attract farmers' attention to sustainable agriculture practices to meet meteorological challenges. [Display omitted] • Impact of climate change on soybean production is examined. • The role of agricultural subsidy for soybean production is investigated. • Agricultural subsidy increases soybean production. • Rainfall augments soybean production. • Temperature and CO2 negatively affected soybean production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent industrial surge in the Northwestern provinces of China resulted in substantial energy consumption and adverse effect on the environment. Despite being less established, the Northwestern region of China has strategic importance and the use of renewable energy can potentially promote sustainable development in this region. Considering this aspect, this study aims to investigate the impact of renewable energy on environmental pollution in five Northwestern provinces of China during 1995–2014. This study uses the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach with the structural break unit root and other specifications tests. The results indicate that renewable energy positive shock has an adverse impact on the CO 2 emissions of the Northwestern provinces of China. The effect of renewable energy use varies in five provinces, i.e. it is more significant in Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang than in Ningxia and Shaanxi. However, reduction in renewable energy consumption leads to higher level of CO 2 emissions and this effect is more significant for Ningxia and Shaanxi in the long run. Furthermore, the positive shockwaves in nonrenewable energy, GDP and transportation are associated with environmental pollution in these provinces both in short run and long run. Nevertheless, the impact of negative shockwaves in nonrenewable energy consumption on environmental pollution is more significant than economic development for all provinces. Our findings suggest that: cutting down fossil fuels use can substantially improve environmental quality in these provinces; depending on the provincial geographies and government strategies, the intensity of positive impact of renewable energy towards CO 2 emissions reduction differs among five provinces. Likewise, renewable energy development has abundant potential to increase the economic and ecological sustainability in the Northwestern provinces of China in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation in international industrial transfer (IIT) provides a significant opportunity and a motivation to improve China's industrial land production efficiency (ILPE). This study aims to investigate the overall role, heterogeneous impact and indirect mechanism of IIT in improving Chinese ILPE. This paper uses the Directional Distance Functions - Data Envelope Analysis (DDF-DEA) model to measure ILPE, economic output efficiency, and pollution reduction efficiency, the Global Malmquist Luenberger (GML) index to decompose the growth of ILPE into "technical efficiency change (EC)" and "technological change (TC)". The panel data of Chinese provinces from 2003 to 2018 and the Fixed-Effect model is used to examine the impact of IIT on ILPE. The primary outcomes suggest that participation in IIT has generally improved the ILPE in China. This promotion effect is evident after 2010, and IIT has a significant impact on the improvement of ILPE in extensive and inefficient areas. Similarly, IIT promotes the economic output efficiency of industrial land from the perspective of expected output and reduces unexpected output. This impact helps in improving pollution reduction efficiency of industrial land. The technology spillover brought by IIT improves the Chinese ILPE from two channels, including promoting technological progress and improving technical efficiency. However, the technology spillover mainly promotes the ILPE in land use high-efficient areas by promoting technological progress. Likewise, the ILPE is promoted by improving technical efficiency from a regional perspective in extensive and inefficient areas. This study provides valuable insights for the improvement of ILPE to optimize land resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We analysed the influencing factors of urban eco-efficiency in Western China. • The US-SBM model and spatial econometric models were used for 84 cities' data. • Urban eco-efficiency showed a fluctuating upward trend during 2004–2017. • Economic development and urbanization had U-shaped impact on urban eco-efficiency. • Four explanatory variables showed a positive impact on urban eco-efficiency. Improving eco-efficiency can promote sustainable development. This study first evaluated the urban eco-efficiency of 84 cities in Western China from 2004 to 2017 by the undesirable-super-slack-based measure (US-SBM) and analysed their spatiotemporal characteristics, and then investigated its influencing factors using spatial econometric models. The results indicated that the urban eco-efficiency in Western China was at a relatively low level and showed a fluctuating upward trend with the highest average value of 0.65; however, capital cities of Western China have improved their eco-efficiency rapidly. Furthermore, there were obvious spatial spill-over impacts of the urban eco-efficiency in Western China. This paper also found that both the economic development level and urbanization level have "U" shaped impacts on Western China's urban eco-efficiency, which decreases at first and then rises. Similarly, increasing the proportion of secondary industry promotes urban eco-efficiency, and FDI, trade activities, improved environmental regulations as well as technological innovation capabilities have a positive impact on urban eco-efficiency in Western China. This paper also put forward corresponding policy suggestions to promote Western China's urban eco-efficiency. The present study may be helpful for policy-makers to balance economic development and environmental protection in Western China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, the importance of corporate social responsibility gained tremendous attention from researchers and policymakers. The stakeholder and legitimacy theories help to understand the importance of corporate social responsibility towards firms' performance. Although, abundant literature is available on the link between CSRD and firm performance but for China, this research area is still in a drought. Considering this, the purpose of this study is to find the relationship between CSRD and firm performance and ownership structure role in this relationship for China. Various parameters such as; disclosure score, ownership structure and performance indicators like ROA, TQ and EPS are addressed in this study. The Data used for this study is collected from Shanghai stock exchange, Shenzhen stock exchange and CSMAR database for selected companies from 2006 to 2014 including 3462 observations. Accounting and market measures are taken as performance indicators. Disclosure score and ownership structure are used as dependent variables with various control variables. Regression analysis revealed that, after controlling the size of firms, the relationship between CSRD and firm financial performance is positively associated, but this relationship turned adverse in the case of EPS due to shareholders uncertainties about CSR. The relationship between performance and ownership structure is also significant but adversely associated. The results also indicated that ownership structure plays a moderating role for the relationship between firm performance and CSRD. Furthermore, the graphical analysis also supports our empirical findings that the ownership control affects the performance of enterprises and CSRD. The state-owned firms have less tendency of disclosing the CSR information as compared to nonstate-owned and the effect of CSRD on performance varies accordingly. This study explores the importance of ownership structure and CSRD towards ultimate goals of a company. Furthermore, this study finds that government-owned firms are not performing well for society in China. Therefore, government needs to consider private-public sector partnership to improve the quality of CSRD and performance. This study determined that the ownership structure moderate the relationship between CSRD and Firm performance. Thus, our work is an important addition to existing literature and useful for government to improve concerned policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This study examined the impact of Internet use on rice production in China. • We employed the FGLS technique and a novel method of MMQR. • Empirical findings reveal that Internet use significantly improved rice production. • Fertilizer, planting area, and energy use enhanced rice production substantially. ICTs play an increasingly crucial role in ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural production, particularly in emerging economies. The majority of survey-based literature focuses on Internet use and farmers' income, technical efficiency of agricultural production, the economic well-being of smallholder farmers, and market information, respectively. The present study, on the other hand, investigates explicitly the long-term effects of Internet use on rice production using panel data from the main rice-producing provinces of China for the period 2011–2020. Other key factors of rice production included in this study are chemical fertilizer, sown area, power consumption, public spending, and labour force. Using the cross-sectional time-series FGLS approach to control endogeneity issues, the results show that Internet use improves rice production in the long run, while the remaining determinants (chemical fertilizer, sown area, power consumption, and public spending) stimulate rice production in the long run. The D-K-SE and MMQR approaches confirm the substantial impact of important factors of rice production. Policymakers should improve Internet access and encourage the use of modern techniques to increase rice output in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]