21 results on '"Fan, Ruiping"'
Search Results
2. Family-Based Consent and Motivation for Cadaveric Organ Donation in China: An Ethical Exploration1.
- Author
-
Fan, Ruiping and Wang, Mingxu
- Subjects
- *
ORGAN donation , *CONFUCIAN ethics , *CONSENT decrees , *FILIAL piety - Abstract
This essay indicates that Confucian family-based ethics is by no means a stumbling block to organ donation in China. We contend that China should not change to an opt-out consent system in order to enhance donation because a "hard" opt-out system is unethical, and a "soft" opt-out system is unhelpful. We argue that the recently-introduced familist model of motivation for organ donation in mainland China can provide a proper incentive for donation. This model, and the family priority right that this model supports, is ethically justifiable in terms of Confucian family-based ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Toward a Confucian Family-Oriented Health Care System for the Future of China.
- Author
-
Cao, Yongfu, Chen, Xiaoyang, and Fan, Ruiping
- Subjects
HEALTH insurance ,MEDICAL care ,SUSTAINABILITY ,MEDICAL ethics ,CHINESE medicine - Abstract
Recently implemented Chinese health insurance schemes have failed to achieve a Chinese health care system that is family-oriented, family-based, family-friendly, or even financially sustainable. With this diagnosis in hand, the authors argue that a financially and morally sustainable Chinese health care system should have as its core family health savings accounts supplemented by appropriate health insurance plans. This essay’s arguments are set in the context of Confucian moral commitments that still shape the background culture of contemporary China. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Which medicine? Whose standard? Critical reflections on medical integration in China.
- Author
-
Fan, Ruiping and Holliday, Ian
- Subjects
- *
TRADITIONAL medicine , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *MEDICAL care , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
There is a prevailing conviction that if traditional medicine (TRM) or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are integrated into healthcare systems, modern scientific medicine (MSM) should retain its principal status. This paper contends that this position is misguided in medical contexts where TRM is established and remains vibrant. By reflecting on the Chinese policy on three entrenched forms of TRM (Tibetan, Mongolian and Uighur medicines) in western regions of China, the paper challenges the ideology of science that lies behind the demand that all traditional forms of medicine be evaluated and reformed according to MSM standards. Tibetan medicine is used as a case study to indicate the falsity of a major premise of the scientific ideology. The conclusion is that the proper integrative system for TRM and MSM is a dual standard based system in which both TRM and MSM are free to operate according to their own medical standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Policies for Traditional Medicine in Peripheral China.
- Author
-
Fan, Ruiping and Holliday, Ian
- Subjects
- *
TRADITIONAL medicine , *CHINESE autonomous regions , *MEDICAL care - Abstract
This paper examines the management and practice of traditional medicine in three autonomous regions of the People's Republic of China: Inner Mongolia; Tibet; and Xinjiang. On this basis, the paper considers how established medical traditions might best be integrated into modern health care systems. It holds that indigenous forms of medicine that have been practiced successfully across many generations should be treated as different but equal within wider health care systems. China has made important progress toward this ideal but, at the same time, has quite a long way to go. It is highly recommended that Chinese policymakers increase their efforts to give all established traditional medicines different but equal status within regional health care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Truth Telling in Medicine: The Confucian View.
- Author
-
Fan, Ruiping and Li, Benfu
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL research , *TRUTH , *MEDICAL ethics , *MEDICAL records , *FAMILY history (Sociology) - Abstract
Truth-telling to competent patients is widely affirmed as a cardinal moral and biomedical obligation in contemporary Western medical practice. In contrast, Chinese medical ethics remains committed to hiding the truth as well as to lying when necessary to achieve the family's view of the best interests of the patient. This essay intends to provide an account of the framing commitments that would both justify physician deception and have it function in a way authentically grounded in the familist moral concerns of Confucianism. It reflects on the moral conditions and possibilities for sustaining a Confucian understanding of truth-telling and consent in mainland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Modern Western Science as a Standard for Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Critical Appraisal.
- Author
-
Fan, Ruiping
- Subjects
- *
CHINESE medicine , *MEDICAL care - Abstract
Comments on the monostandard integration of Chinese medicine into the health care system in China. Standards of the integrated Chinese medicine; Inappropriateness of the monostandard integration for an integrative health care system; Difference between traditional Chinese medicine and scientific medicine.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Reconstructionist Confucianism and Health Care: An Asian Moral Account of Health Care Resource Allocation.
- Author
-
Fan, Ruiping
- Subjects
- *
CONFUCIANISM , *HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL ethics - Abstract
Focuses on the implications of Confucianism for establishing an appropriate health care system and assesses the features of health policies in China, Hong Kong and Singapore. Reconstruction of the foundational elements of Confucian moral commitments; Family-oriented, non-individualist account of resource allocation that takes family authority and responsibility seriously.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Freedom, Responsibility, and Care: Hong Kong's Health Care Reform.
- Author
-
Fan, Ruiping
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH care reform , *MEDICAL care - Abstract
Examines the bioethics of health care reform in Hong Kong. Distinct features of Hong Kong's health care compared to Western countries; Ability of Hong Kong to do so well with little resources; Important achievements made by the Hong Kong health care system included in the Harvard Report; Areas where improvements are still required.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Towards Ethically and Medically Sustainable Care for the Elderly: The Case of China.
- Author
-
Xie W and Fan R
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, China, Geriatrics ethics, Geriatrics trends, Humans, Ethics, Medical, Program Evaluation standards
- Abstract
An enormous challenge facing China is how to provide sustainable care for its rapidly-increasing elderly population. Its recent policy directives include three medical forms-the institution-cooperation-form, the institution-medical-form, and the family-physician-form-to integrate medical care into ordinary care for the elderly. This essay indicates that China will not be able to maintain sustainable elderly care unless it places emphasis on the family-physician-form that focuses on family physicians and the use of primary care services. The essay constructs arguments for this policy suggestion based on China's long-standing Confucian ethical resources of filial piety and family-based concerns for elderly care.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. YiQiFuMai lyophilized injection attenuates particulate matter-induced acute lung injury in mice via TLR4-mTOR-autophagy pathway.
- Author
-
Xia Y, S D, Jiang S, Fan R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Tang J, Zhang Y, He RL, Yu B, and Kou J
- Subjects
- Acute Lung Injury chemically induced, Acute Lung Injury metabolism, Animals, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid chemistry, China, Cytokines metabolism, Injections methods, Lung drug effects, Lung metabolism, Medicine, Chinese Traditional methods, Mice, Peroxidase metabolism, Acute Lung Injury drug therapy, Autophagy drug effects, Drugs, Chinese Herbal pharmacology, Particulate Matter pharmacology, Signal Transduction drug effects, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Toll-Like Receptor 4 metabolism
- Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the serious diseases that are characterized by a severe inflammatory response of lung injuries and damage to the microvascular permeability, frequently resulting in death. YiQiFuMai (YQFM) lyophilized injection powder is a redeveloped preparation based on the well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula Sheng-Mai-San which is widely used in clinical practice in China, mainly for the treatment of microcirculatory disturbance-related diseases. However, there is little information about its role in ALI/ARDS. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of YQFM on particulate matter (PM)-induced ALI. The mice were intratracheally instilled with 50 mg/kg body weight of Standard Reference Material1648a (SRM1648a) in the PM-induced group. The mice in the YQFM group were given YQFM (three doses: 0.33, 0.67, and 1.34 g/kg) by tail vein injection 30 min after the intratracheal instillation of PM. The results showed that YQFM markedly reduced lung pathological injury and the lung wet/dry weight ratios induced by PM. Furthermore, we also found that YQFM significantly inhibited the PM-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissues, decreased the PM-induced inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), reduced nitric oxide (NO) and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), and effectively attenuated PM-induced increases lymphocytes in BALF. In addition, YQFM increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and dramatically suppressed the PM-stimulated expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, autophagy-related protein LC3Ⅱand Beclin 1 as well as autophagy. In conclusion, these findings indicate that YQFM had a critical anti-inflammatory effect due to its ability to regulate both TLR4-MyD88 and mTOR-autophagy pathways, and might be a possible therapeutic agent for PM-induced ALI., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Informed Consent: The Decisional Standing of Families.
- Author
-
Cherry MJ and Fan R
- Subjects
- China, Culture, Ethics, Research, Family Relations, Humans, Morals, Philosophy, Medical, Decision Making, Family ethnology, Informed Consent psychology
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Taking the Role of the Family Seriously in Treating Chinese Psychiatric Patients: A Confucian Familist Review of China's First Mental Health Act.
- Author
-
Fan R and Wang M
- Subjects
- China, Culture, Decision Making, Family Relations, Humans, Mental Disorders ethnology, Morals, Philosophy, Medical, Confucianism psychology, Family ethnology, Informed Consent legislation & jurisprudence, Informed Consent psychology, Legislation, Medical, Mental Disorders therapy
- Abstract
This essay argues that the Chinese Mental Health Act of 2013 is overly individualistic and fails to give proper moral weight to the role of Chinese families in directing the process of decision-making for hospitalizing and treating the mentally ill patients. We present three types of reactions within the medical community to the Act, each illustrated with a case and discussion. In the first two types of cases, we argue that these reactions are problematic either because they comply with the law but undermine the patient's interests by refusing the family's request to have the patient hospitalized, or violate the law by hospitalizing patients in response to the real concerns of their families. In the third type of situation, psychiatrists inappropriately encourage families to produce evidence of the patient's behavior that is harmful to self or others in order legally to commit the patient. Each of these problems, we conclude, should be tackled by supplementing Article 30 of the Act with the stipulation that a psychiatrist may authorize the involuntary hospitalization of a patient, who is not at risk of causing physical harm to self or others, with the consent of all major family members. Drawing on the deeply culturally embedded moral traditions of Confucian medical familism, this proposal would facilitate the proper treatment of a significant number of Chinese mentally ill patients under the care of their families., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The Confucian bioethics of surrogate decision making: its communitarian roots.
- Author
-
Fan R
- Subjects
- China, Conflict of Interest, Humans, Mental Competency, Moral Obligations, Confucianism, Cultural Characteristics, Decision Making ethics, Family, Personal Autonomy, Social Responsibility
- Abstract
The family is the exemplar community of Chinese society. This essay explores how Chinese communitarian norms, expressed in thick commitments to the authority and autonomy of the family, are central to contemporary Chinese bioethics. In particular, it focuses on the issue of surrogate decision making to illustrate the Confucian family-grounded communitarian bioethics. The essay first describes the way in which the family, in Chinese bioethics, functions as a whole to provide consent for significant medical and surgical interventions when a patient has lost decision-making capacity. It is argued that the practice of not having an established order for surrogate decision makers (e.g., spouse, children, and then parents), as it is done in the United States, reflects the acknowledgment that the family as a social reality cannot be reduced to a stereotype of the appropriate order of default decision makers. This description of the family as being in authority to make surrogate decisions for an incompetent family member is enriched by an elaboration of the differences among the concepts of patient autonomy, family autonomy, and moral autonomy. The Chinese model, as well as the Confucian communitarian life of families, engages a family autonomy that is supported by a Confucian understanding of moral autonomy, rather than individual autonomy. Finally, the issue of possible conflicts between patient and family interests in relation to a patient's past wishes in the Chinese model is addressed in light of the role of the physician.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The family and harmonious medical decision making: cherishing an appropriate Confucian moral balance.
- Author
-
Chen X and Fan R
- Subjects
- Adult, Bioethical Issues, Child, China, Ethics, Medical, Family, Humans, Morals, Patient Rights, Religion and Medicine, Social Perception, Attitude to Health ethnology, Caregivers ethics, Confucianism, Cultural Characteristics, Decision Making ethics, Family Relations ethnology
- Abstract
This essay illustrates what the Chinese family-based and harmony-oriented model of medical decision making is like as well as how it differs from the modern Western individual-based and autonomy-oriented model in health care practice. The essay discloses the roots of the Chinese model in the Confucian account of the family and the Confucian view of harmony. By responding to a series of questions posed to the Chinese model by modern Western scholars in terms of the basic individualist concerns and values embedded in the modern Western model, we conclude that the Chinese people have justifiable reasons to continue to apply the Chinese model to their contemporary health care and medical practice.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. A Confucian reflection on genetic enhancement.
- Author
-
Fan R
- Subjects
- China, Ethical Analysis, Ethical Theory, Ethics, Medical, Genetic Engineering ethics, Humans, Moral Obligations, Parents, Politics, Western World, Confucianism, Family, Genetic Enhancement ethics, Gift Giving ethics, Human Characteristics, Love, Parent-Child Relations, Virtues
- Abstract
This essay explores a proper Confucian vision on genetic enhancement. It argues that while Confucians can accept a formal starting point that Michael Sandel proposes in his ethics of giftedness, namely, that children should be taken as gifts, Confucians cannot adopt his generalist strategy. The essay provides a Confucian full ethics of giftedness by addressing a series of relevant questions, such as what kind of gifts children are, where the gifts are from, in which way they are given, and for what purpose they are given. It indicates that Confucians should sort out different types of enhancement and bring them to the test of the Confucian values in terms of both Confucian virtue principles and specific ritual rules. It concludes that Confucians can accept some types of enhancement but must reject others.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Toward a directed benevolent market polity: rethinking medical morality in transitional China.
- Author
-
Fan R
- Subjects
- Beneficence, China, Democracy, Health Care Costs ethics, Health Care Reform ethics, Humans, Insurance, Health, Moral Obligations, Bioethics, Ceremonial Behavior, Confucianism, Delivery of Health Care ethics, Ethical Theory, Public Policy, Virtues
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Corrupt practices in chinese medical care: the root in public policies and a call for Confucian-market approach.
- Author
-
Fan R
- Subjects
- China, Delivery of Health Care ethics, Delivery of Health Care legislation & jurisprudence, Delivery of Health Care trends, Drug Prescriptions economics, Health Care Reform, Health Care Sector ethics, Health Care Sector trends, Humans, Insurance, Health, Moral Obligations, Private Sector, Public Sector, Salaries and Fringe Benefits, Trust, Unnecessary Procedures economics, Confucianism, Delivery of Health Care economics, Health Care Sector legislation & jurisprudence, Physicians economics, Public Policy
- Abstract
This paper argues that three salient corrupt practices that mark contemporary Chinese health care, namely the over-prescription of indicated drugs, the prescription of more expensive forms of medication and more expensive diagnostic work-ups than needed, and illegal cash payments to physicians-i.e., red packages-result not from the introduction of the market to China, but from two clusters of circumstances. First, there has been a loss of the Confucian appreciation of the proper role of financial reward for good health care. Second, misguided governmental policies have distorted the behavior of physicians and hospitals. The distorting policies include (1) setting very low salaries for physicians, (2) providing bonuses to physicians and profits to hospitals from the excessive prescription of drugs and the use of more expensive drugs and unnecessary expensive diagnostic procedures, and (3) prohibiting payments by patients to physicians for higher quality care. The latter problem is complicated by policies that do not allow the use of governmental insurance and funds from medical savings accounts in private hospitals as well as other policies that fail to create a level playing field for both private and government hospitals. The corrupt practices currently characterizing Chinese health care will require not only abolishing the distorting governmental policies but also drawing on Confucian moral resources to establish a rightly directed appreciation of the proper place of financial reward in the practice of medicine.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Towards a Confucian virtue bioethics: reframing Chinese medical ethics in a market economy.
- Author
-
Fan R
- Subjects
- Beneficence, Bioethical Issues, China, Confucianism, Ethics, Clinical, Humans, Physicians ethics, Physicians standards, Private Sector ethics, Reimbursement Mechanisms ethics, Social Class, Capitalism, Delivery of Health Care ethics, Ethical Theory, Ethics, Medical, Health Care Sector ethics, Physicians economics, Salaries and Fringe Benefits, Virtues
- Abstract
This essay addresses a moral and cultural challenge facing health care in the People's Republic of China: the need to create an understanding of medical professionalism that recognizes the new economic realities of China and that can maintain the integrity of the medical profession. It examines the rich Confucian resources for bioethics and health care policy by focusing on the Confucian tradition's account of how virtue and human flourishing are compatible with the pursuit of profit. It offers the Confucian account of the division of labor and the financial inequalities this produces with special attention to China's socialist project of creating the profession of barefoot doctors as egalitarian peasant physicians and why this project failed. It then further develops the Confucian acknowledgement of the unequal value of different services and products and how this conflicts with the current system of payment to physicians which has led to the corruption of medical professionalism through illegal supplementary payments. It further gives an account the oblique intentionality of Confucian moral psychology that shows how virtuous persons can pursue benevolent actions while both foreseeing profit and avoiding defining their character by greed. This account of Confucian virtue offers the basis for a medical professionalism that can function morally within a robustly profit-oriented market economy. The paper concludes with a summary of the characteristics of Confucian medical professionalism and of how it places the profit motive within its account of virtue ethics.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Consent to medical treatment: the complex interplay of patients, families, and physicians.
- Author
-
Fan R and Tao J
- Subjects
- China, Hong Kong, Humans, United States, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Ethics, Clinical, Ethics, Medical, Family, Informed Consent ethics, Truth Disclosure ethics
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Reconsidering surrogate decision making: Aristotelianism and Confucianism on ideal human relations.
- Author
-
Fan R
- Subjects
- Advance Directives, China, Decision Making, Friends, Humans, Informed Consent ethics, Paternalism, Personal Autonomy, Physician-Patient Relations, Truth Disclosure, United States, Western World, Confucianism, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Family Relations, Interpersonal Relations, Philosophy, Proxy, Third-Party Consent ethics
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.