Search

Research interest in thriving at work has burgeoned over the past decades, but little is known about how human resource (HR) practices affect employees' thriving at work. Drawing upon self‐determination theory and person‐organization fit theory, we developed and tested a moderated mediation model to explain how fun HR practices influence employees' thriving at work. The results of two studies, a scenario experiment (N = 164) and a time‐lagged survey (N = 253), supported our hypotheses. Specifically, the findings revealed that fun HR practices relates positively to employees' thriving at work. Autonomous motivation partially mediates the abovementioned relationship. Furthermore, fun HR practices translate into higher autonomous motivation and subsequent thriving at work for employees with higher preference for workplace fun. Our research contributes to the existing literature by identifying fun HR practices as an antecedent of thriving at work and revealing the psychological mechanisms through which fun HR practices affect employees' thriving at work. The practical implications, limitations, and future research avenues are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to a financial crisis, many organizations adjust their pay systems to reduce labor costs. In this research, we focus on the use of delayed pay (the postponement of employees' contractual compensation) and examine its effect on employee voluntary turnover outcomes. In a field study (Study 1) with data collected from the executive managers of 129 Chinese hotels experiencing a financial crisis caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), we find a positive relationship between delayed pay and the voluntary turnover rate at the organizational level. In addition, this relationship becomes weaker when delayed pay consists of a larger proportion of pay‐for‐performance (PFP). We then conduct an experiment (Study 2) to extend our theoretical framework to the individual level, establish causality, and examine the underlying mechanism. The results show that the perceived negative instrumentality of stay (i.e., expected economic losses associated with staying in an organization) explains why individuals intend to leave organizations adopting delayed base pay but not delayed PFP. We further replicate these findings in a critical incident technique study (Study 3). We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adiponectin is a factor secreted by adipocytes and has been shown to play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Previous studies have shown that adiponectin levels are closely related to the occurrence and prognosis of ischemic stroke, but the results of different studies are conflicting. Therefore, this study aimed to update the data in this area to explore the relationship between adiponectin levels and the occurrence and prognosis of ischemic stroke. Results: After searching 762 records, 14 studies were finally included, including 10 studies on the incidence of ischemic stroke and 4 studies on the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the correlation between the level of adiponectin and the occurrence and prognosis of ischemic stroke was not significant. The risk of ischemic stroke was not significantly changed in the population with high adiponectin levels (pooled RR=1.00, 95% CI=0.86-1.16, P=1.00). Similarly, there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality among those with high adiponectin levels compared with ischemic stroke patients with low adiponectin levels (pooled RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.47-0.80). However, significant heterogeneity was found during the meta-analysis, P<0.0001; I2=72% and P<0.0001; I2=88%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that factors such as study design, follow-up time and publication time could partly explain this heterogeneity. Conclusions: In conclusion, adiponectin level is not significantly correlated with the occurrence and prognosis of ischemic stroke, suggesting that adiponectin level may not be used as a potential biomarker for ischemic stroke risk assessment and patient prognosis prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®) is a group-based social skills training program for adolescents on the autism spectrum. Although the program has been shown to be effective in improving social skills in autistic adolescents, evidence of its effectiveness from the Mandarin-speaking Chinese population is sparse. The present study used a non-randomized, pre- and post-intervention research design to investigate the feasibility and cultural validity of the program, as well as examine the moderators of intervention outcomes. Methods: Thirty-three autistic adolescents with intelligence quotient above 70 (Mage = 13.57, SDage = 1.43; Male: Female 25:8) and their parents received 14 concurrent 90-minute sessions. Adolescents' autistic traits, challenging behaviors, emotional functioning, socio-cognitive process, social environment factors (school support), and caregivers' well-being were evaluated. Results: The findings suggest that with minor adjustments, the Mandarin version of PEERS® was generally acceptable and feasible for autistic adolescents and their parents. PEERS® may improve the social skills knowledge, reciprocal communication abilities, and emotional well-being of autistic adolescents. Also, participants with a higher level of school support, and parents with lower perceived subjective well-being at baseline may gain more benefits from PEERS®. The cultural adaptation and acceptability of the Mandarin Version of PEERS® were discussed. Conclusion: This feasibility study (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200061417, 2022-06-23, retrospectively registered) provides a basis for further randomized control trials of the Mandarin version of PEERS®. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflict monitoring theory posits that the simultaneous activation of incompatible responses in the current trial leads to response conflict. Conflict occurrence signals to enhance attention to the target stimulus, reduce attention to distracting stimuli, and ultimately lead to conflict adaptation (i.e., reduced interference effect after conflict trials compared to nonconflict trials). However, this theory does not explicitly assume whether the involvement of response execution is necessary in the process of conflict occurrence. Research on the negative emotion theory suggests that even in the absence of response execution, incompatible response representations can induce conflict. Our present study aimed to provide direct behavioural evidence regarding whether conflict activated without response execution is sufficient to trigger conflict adaptation. In a word--colour Stroop task, this study employed the LOOK-to-DO transition design, in which participants refrained from responding in half of the trials (LOOK trials) and responded with key presses in the other half (DO trials). Across three experiments, we controlled for feature integration and contingency learning and manipulated the stimulus presentation duration in the previous trial. The results indicated a significant conflict adaptation effect in reaction time when the stimulus presentation duration was shorter in the previous trial. This finding suggested that in a confounding-minimal design with no response execution in the previous trial, conflict triggers control adjustments and leads to conflict adaptation. This finding aligns with and further elaborates on the original conflict monitoring theory by demonstrating that response execution is not a necessary condition for the generation of response conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the development of social power perceptions among Chinese children aged 3–5 years (N = 105). After watching videos about various social power cues, such as resource possession, resource control, goal achievement, permission, giving orders, setting norms and popularity, the children were asked to identify the powerful agents (whom do you believe is the more powerful person?) in the videos and provide explanations (why do you think he (she) is a powerful person?). Three‐year‐olds can recognize powerful agents who can grant 'permission' to other agents. By the age of 4, children begin to associate 'popularity', 'resource possession' and 'goal achievement' with social power. Five‐year olds demonstrated the ability to recognize agents who control resources as being more powerful. Analysis of the reasons the children provided for their judgements revealed that for almost every cue (except giving orders), more than 14% of the responses highlighted 'possession of material resources' as an indicator of power. For children aged 3–5 years, 'resource possession' cues may be their preferred basis for inferring and explaining power differences. These results would facilitate researchers to further unravel the mechanisms underlying the development of children's social power perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a precursor to the development of many diseases (atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc.). It is marked by disruptions in glucose and lipid metabolism, along with hypertension. Numerous types of risk factors contribute to the development of the MetS, inflammation and insulin resistance are present throughout the metabolic abnormalities. Chrysanthemum indicum L. is a traditional Chinese plant used for both tea and medicine, known for its high content of total flavonoids, which are important secondary metabolites. Our research led to the extraction of a Buddleoside-Rich Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract (BUDE) which has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, the specific role and mechanism of BUDE in preventing MetS remain unclear. Methods: The study initially evaluated the role of BUDE in preventing MetS. Subsequently, it investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of BUDE in the liver and pancreas in response to unhealthy diets. It then examined the level of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function induced by inflammation. Additionally, an lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammation model was used to further investigate the ameliorative effects of BUDE in inflammation. Results: BUDE has hypotensive, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. It can also resolve the imbalance between macrophage subpopulations, impede the triggering of the NF-κB signaling pathway, reduce the secretion of inflammatory mediators, ameliorate insulin resistance, and safeguard organs such as the liver and pancreas from inflammatory damage. These effects collectively contribute to preventing the development of MetS. Discussion: BUDE has the ability to modulate macrophage-mediated inflammation, leading to improved insulin resistance. Additionally, it delivers antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects, offering a potential for preventing MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of Balint Group in improving stress, negative mood and empathy of psychiatric nurses. Method: In March 2022-March 2023, 150 psychiatric nurses from four hospitals in Lanzhou were selected for the study, randomly grouped into experimental group and control groups (75 per group), the experimental group participated the Balint Group activities biweekly, the control group only attended mental health knowledge lectures. Job stress, negative emotion and empathy of the two groups before and after the intervention were evaluated and compared by using job stressor Scale, coping style Assessment Scale, self-assessment scale for depression, self-assessment Scale for anxiety and Jefferson Empathy Scale. Results: After intervention, the job stressor scale and coping style evaluation of nurses in the two groups were significantly decreased, and the experimental group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The depression and anxiety of nurses in the two groups were significantly improved, and the experimental group was better than the control group (P < 0.05). The differences in the total score and dimensions of Jefferson Empathy scale in the experimental group after intervention were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Balint group activities can effectively relieve the stress, depression and anxiety of psychiatric nurses, and improve the ability of empathy at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There has been an increase in the number of nurses returning to work after childbirth (NRWCs) in Chinese hospital. Social support is important for NRWCs. Objective: To develop and validate a perceived social support scale for NRWCs in China. Method: The original items were based on a literature review, the social support theory, and semi-structured interviews. The Delphi technique was used to adjust further and screen the scale entries to form an initial draft of the scale. From February to October 2023, we recruited 627 NRWCs from hospitals in 12 provinces of China. The psychometric attributes of the scale were examined by construct validity, content validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency reliability. The STROBE checklist was used to guide the submission. Results: 4 dimensions and 22 items compose the initial scale. Exploratory factor analysis verified a four-factor scale structure. The confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the four-factor structure model fitted well. The resulting scale contains 4 dimensions with 18 items. The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.83 to 1.00. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of four dimensions and total scale were respectively 0.957, 0.899, 0.870, 0.945, 0.967. The reliability of the scale over time was further verified, with a coefficient of 0.809 for the overall scale and a range from 0.682 to 0.718 for each domain. Conclusion: The perceived social support scale for NRWCs is a reliable and valid instrument. The application of the perceived social support scale for NRWCs would improve the assessment of social support among NRWCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many individuals consider nocturia a significant nuisance, leading to a reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, there has been a lack of psychometrically sound patient-reported outcome measures to assess the impact of nocturia on patients in Chinese contexts. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Nocturia Quality of Life Module (ICIQ-NQOL) for use among primary care patients in Hong Kong, China. Additionally, it sought to investigate the mechanisms that link nocturia and sleep quality with HRQOL by employing moderated mediation analysis. Methods: The traditional Chinese version of the ICIQ-NQOL was developed through iterative translations, cognitive debriefing interviews, and panel reviews. The psychometric evaluation included assessments of factor structure, convergent validity, concurrent validity, known-group validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and responsiveness. Study instruments included the ICIQ-NQOL, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a modified Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Short Form (IIQ-7). Results: A total of 419 primary care patients were recruited from general outpatient clinics, among whom 228 experiencing an average of two or more nocturia episodes per night over the past four weeks. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the ICIQ-NQOL. Concurrent validity was confirmed by moderate correlations between the IIQ-7 total score and the total score as well as two domain scores of the ICIQ-NQOL (r ranging from 0.43 to 0.49, all p < 0.001). The ICIQ-NQOL also had moderate correlations with the IPSS total symptom score (r ranging from 0.40 to 0.48, all p < 0.001). Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations between the global PSQI score and the total score as well as two domain scores of the ICIQ-NQOL (r ranging from 0.42 to 0.52, all p < 0.001). Known-group comparisons showed that the ICIQ-NQOL could differentiate between patients with and without nocturia in terms of sleep/energy domain score (p < 0.001), bother/concern domain score (p < 0.001), and total score (p < 0.001), each demonstrating a moderate Cohen's d effect size. Item-total correlations corrected for overlap exceeded 0.4, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were greater than 0.7. Test-retest reliability was confirmed with intraclass correlation coefficients exceeding 0.7 among patients reporting no change in their nocturia symptoms at a 2-week follow-up. Regarding responsiveness, the Cohen's d effect sizes for differences in domain and total scores between the baseline and 2-week follow-up assessments were greater than 0.3 among patients showing improvement in nocturia. Our moderated mediation analysis indicated that sleep quality significantly moderated the impact of nocturia on HRQOL, with a notably stronger indirect effect among females compared to males. Conclusions: The ICIQ-NQOL is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the HRQOL in primary care patients suffering from nocturia. The findings advocate for gender-specific approaches in the management and treatment of nocturia to optimize HRQOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of health literacy in China is relatively slow, and there are fewer health literacy scales, which is difficult to measure. Therefore, this study aims to promote the development of health literacy in China through the translation and application of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47). The scale was translated into Chinese, back-translated, culturally adapted and finally subjected to psychometric evaluation. A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select 2504 residents to test the reliability and validity of a questionnaire on health literacy. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the validity of the results, and the back consistency was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The EFA revealed that health care, disease prevention and health promotion explained 78.68% of the total variance in health literacy. The scale and its subscales demonstrated strong internal consistency, with high Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.947 to 0.983. CFA confirmed the three-factor model's goodness-of-fit for the Chinese population. The dimensions of healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion showed high convergent validity with an average variance extracted values ranging from 0.52 to 0.60 and composite reliability values ranging from 0.94 to 0.96. The reliable and valid Chinese version of the HLS-EU-Q47 (HLS19-Q47-CN) developed and evaluated in this study is an important tool for assessing health literacy levels in the Chinese population. Furthermore, as this tool has global applicability, it has the potential to assess health literacy levels across different countries, enabling practical international comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely known controversies about the results of violent video game increase aggression. However, the role of competitive video games, has received less research attention, and the underlying mechanisms of their influence are unknown. This study aimed to expand the existing literature by systematically exploring the effects of competitive video game exposure on adolescent aggression and the mediating role of impulsivity. In so doing, three types of studies (collectively N = 2919, mean age varied from 13.75 to 15.44 years, with a balanced gender) combining cross-sectional, experimental, and longitudinal approaches, were conducted. The findings consistently show that competitive video game exposure increased adolescents' aggression and impulsivity. Also, impulsivity mediated the correlation and long-term effect of competitive video game exposure on aggression. However, the experimental study did not confirm the short-term mediating effect of impulsivity, which may be related to the type of aggression measured in the study. The results indicate that competitive video game exposure is an important antecedent factor for adolescent aggression, and impulsivity is the key underlying mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caregiver Strain Questionnaire assesses the three dimensions of caregiver strain, namely the objective, subjective externalized and subjective internalized strain. It was validated among caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the United States and Mainland China with promising psychometric properties. This study aimed to develop and validate the Chinese (traditional script) version of the Caregiver Strain Questionnaire (C-CGSQ) among 198 caregivers of children with ASD in Hong Kong. The C-CGSQ showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.958) and test-retest reliability (Spearman's r = 0.966). Concurrent, convergent, divergent validity and a three-factor structure (consistent with previous studies) were established. The C-CGSQ demonstrated promising psychometric properties in measuring caregiver strain among caregivers of Chinese ASD children in Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for stroke, and worsens neurological outcome after stroke. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which become dysfunctional in cerebral ischemia, hold capacity to promote revascularization. We investigated the role of dyslipidemia in impairment of EPC-mediated angiogenesis in cerebral ischemic mice. The high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice following by ischemic stroke exhibited increased infarct volumes and neurological severity scores, and poorer angiogenesis. Bone marrow-EPCs treated with palmitic acid (PA) showed impaired functions and inhibited activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Notably, AMPK deficiency aggravated EPC dysfunction, further decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased reactive oxygen species level in EPCs with PA treatment. Furthermore, the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-related genes was remarkably reduced, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) protein expression was downregulated in AMPK-deficient EPCs. AMPK deficiency aggravated neurological severity scores and angiogenesis in ischemic brain of HFD-fed mice, accompanied by suppressed protein level of CPT1A. EPC transplantation corrected impaired neurological severity scores and angiogenesis in AMPK-deficient mice. Our findings suggest that AMPK deficiency aggravates poor angiogenesis in ischemic brain by mediating FAO and oxidative stress thereby inducing EPC dysfunction in hyperlipidemic mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Depth camera-based measurement has demonstrated efficacy in automated assessment of upper limb Fugl-Meyer Assessment for paralysis rehabilitation. However, there is a lack of adequately sized studies to provide clinical support. Thus, we developed an automated system utilizing depth camera and machine learning, and assessed its feasibility and validity in a clinical setting. Design: Validation and feasibility study of a measurement instrument based on single cross-sectional data. Setting: Rehabilitation unit in a general hospital Participants: Ninety-five patients with hemiparesis admitted for inpatient rehabilitation unit (2021–2023). Main measures: Scores for each item, excluding those related to reflexes, were computed utilizing machine learning models trained on participant videos and readouts from force test devices, while the remaining reflex scores were derived through regression algorithms. Concurrent criterion validity was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, percent agreement and Cohen's Kappa coefficient for ordinal scores of individual items, as well as correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients for total scores. Video-based manual assessment was also conducted and compared to the automated tools. Result: The majority of patients completed the assessment without therapist intervention. The automated scoring models demonstrated superior validity compared to video-based manual assessment across most items. The total scores derived from the automated assessment exhibited a high coefficient of 0.960. However, the validity of force test items utilizing force sensing resistors was relatively low. Conclusion: The integration of depth camera technology and machine learning models for automated Fugl-Meyer Assessment demonstrated acceptable validity and feasibility, suggesting its potential as a valuable tool in rehabilitation assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of foraminoplasty using large-channel endoscopy during TESSYS on the biomechanics of the lumbar spine. Methods: A complete lumbar spine model, M1, was built using 3D finite elements, and models M2 and M3 were constructed to simulate the intraoperative removal of the superior articular process of L5 using a trephine saw with diameters of 5 mm and 8.5 mm, respectively, and applying normal physiological loads on the different models to simulate six working conditions—anterior flexion, posterior extension, left-right lateral bending, and left-right rotation—to investigate the displacement and facet joint stress change of the surgical segment, and the disc stress change of the surgical and adjacent segments. Results: Compared with the M1 model, the M2 and M3 models showed decreased stress at the L4-5 left FJ and a significant increase in stress at the right FJ in forward flexion. In the M2 and M3 models, the L4-5 FJ stresses were significantly greater in left lateral bending or left rotation than in right lateral bending or right rotation. The right FJ stress in M3 was greater during left rotation than that in M2, and that in M2 was greater than that in M1. The L4-5disc stress in the M3 model was greater during posterior extension than that in the M1 and M2 models. The L4-5disc stress in the M3 model was greater in the right rotation than in the M2 model, and that in the M2 model was greater than that in the M1 model. Conclusion: Foraminoplasty using large-channel endoscopy could increase the stress on the FJ and disc of the surgical segment, which suggested unnecessary and excessive resection should be avoided in PTED to minimize biomechanical disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with highly heterogeneous characteristics. A classic Chinese medicine, Pinellia ternata (PT), was shown to exert therapeutic effects on lung cancer cells. However, its chemical and pharmacological profiles are not yet understood. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the mechanism of PT in treating lung cancer cells through metabolomics and network pharmacology. Metabolomic analysis of two strains of lung cancer cells treated with Pinellia ternata extracts (PTE) was used to identify differentially abundant metabolites, and the metabolic pathways associated with the DEGs were identified by MetaboAnalyst. Then, network pharmacology was applied to identify potential targets against PTE-induced lung cancer cells. The integrated network of metabolomics and network pharmacology was constructed based on Cytoscape. PTE obviously inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 and NCI-H460 cells. The results of the cellular metabolomics analysis showed that 30 metabolites were differentially expressed in the lung cancer cells of the experimental and control groups. Through pathway enrichment analysis, 5 metabolites were found to be involved in purine metabolism, riboflavin metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway, including D-ribose 5-phosphate, xanthosine, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Combined with network pharmacology, 11 bioactive compounds were found in PT, and networks of bioactive compound–target gene–metabolic enzyme–metabolite interactions were constructed. In conclusion, this study revealed the complicated mechanisms of PT against lung cancer. Our work provides a novel paradigm for identifying the potential mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of natural compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fear of negative evaluation and prosocial behavior have been identified as predictive factors influencing the development of loneliness in adolescence, representing typical factors in the cognitive and behavioral processes of re-affiliation. The elucidation of plausible direct and indirect pathways linking these pivotal factors to adolescents' loneliness need further exploration. This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect relationships between the fear of negative evaluation, prosocial behavior, and adolescents' loneliness through the lens of developmental changes. A total of 533 adolescents (49.0% girls, Mage = 15.18 years, SD = 0.71) participated in this longitudinal study, assessed at three timepoints over a span of two years with 12-month intervals. Latent growth modeling uncovered direct associations between the developmental trajectories of both fear of negative evaluation and prosocial behavior with the developmental trajectory of adolescents' loneliness. The developmental trajectory of fear of negative evaluation exhibited an indirect association with the developmental trajectory of loneliness through the mediating role of prosocial behavior. These findings highlighted the roles of cognitive and behavioral re-affiliation processes, both independently and as mediators, in influencing adolescent loneliness, suggesting that interventions aimed at reducing fear of negative evaluation and promoting prosocial behavior could effectively mitigate adolescents' loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this study was to develop and validate a Social Cognitive Theory-based instrument to identify psychosocial factors that influence diet and physical activity among Chinese children aged 10–12 years. This is a cross-sectional study, with data collected from questionnaires. Two elementary schools in Beijing, China. Fourth to sixth-grade students (N = 1,486) aged 10–12 years were recruited. Gender, height, weight, nation, and grade were collected. Energy-balanced eating behaviors and their related sociopsychological factors were surveyed. Confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlations, Cronbach α index, and mediation analysis were used. (1) Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a 6-factor solution (51 items) and all factor loadings > 0.32, indicating that the model fitness was acceptable. (2) All correlation coefficients are statistically significant. All of the Cronbach α indexes were > 0.65, indicating acceptable reliability. (3) The mediating effect of goal intention and outcome expectations between self-efficacy and habit strength was statistically significant (P < 0.01), verifying the theory structure. This questionnaire exhibits good internal consistency, reliability, and structural validity. It can be effectively employed to investigate energy-balanced eating behaviors related to the Social Cognitive Theory in Chinese children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Vel– phenotype is a rare blood group, and it is challenging for identifying this phenotype due to limited available reagents. Moreover, there are relatively few studies on genomic editing of erythroid antigens and generation of knockout (KO) cell lines at present. Methods: To identify the high-efficiency small-guiding RNA (sgRNA) sequence, candidate sgRNAs were transfected into HEK 293T cells and analyzed using Sanger sequencing. Following this, the high-efficiency sgRNA was transfected into K562 cells using lentivirus transduction to generate KO Vel blood group gene cells. The expression of the Vel protein was detected using Western blot on single-cell clones. Additionally, flow cytometry was used to detect the erythroid markers CD235a and CD71. Hemoglobin quantification and Giemsa staining were also performed to evaluate the erythroid differentiation of KO clones induced by hemin. Results: The high-efficiency sgRNA was successfully obtained and used for CRISPR-Cas9 editing in K562 cells. After limiting dilution and screening, two KO clones had either deleted 2 or 4 bases and showed no expression of the Vel protein. In the hemin-induced KO clone, there was a significant difference in erythroid marker and hemoglobin quantification compared to untreated cells. The morphological changes were also observed for the hemin-induced KO clone. Conclusion: In this study, a highly efficient sgRNA was screened out and used to generate Vel erythroid antigen KO single-cell clones in K562 cells. The edited cells could then be induced to undergo erythroid differentiation with the use of hemin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments increasingly use policy experimentation programs to seek solutions for complex problems. Because randomization and controllability are unrealistic for real‐world policy experiments, how subnational pilots are selected is crucial for generating sound evidence for national replication. However, the received wisdom on pilot sampling is thin and paradoxical. While some studies suggest that policymakers prefer to select regions with favorable conditions, others contend that securing representativeness remains the principal concern when it comes to pilot selection. This study resolves the paradox by elucidating the logic of selecting pilots in large policy experimentation programs. We focus on China's huge public hospital reform program and through a novel research design that combines comparative qualitative analysis and illustrative case studies we seek to explain the strategy for pilot selection. Our analyses reveal five distinctive pathways of pilot sampling: piloting for challenge, piloting for advancement, piloting for innovation, piloting for action, and piloting for regional generalization. Each modality represents a specific experimental purpose. We reveal that piloting serves as a versatile governance tool that can fulfill multiple functions in complex reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two previously undescribed iridoid glycosides, 6'-O-trans-feruloyl-(4S,6R)-3,4-dihydro-3β-ethoxypaederoside (1) and 6'-O-trans-caffeoyl-(4S,6R)-3,4-dihydro-2'-O-3α-paederoside (2), were isolated from the 90% EtOH extract of the air dried aerial parts of Paederia Foetida. Structural elucidation of all the compounds was performed by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. The two isolated iridoid glycosides were tested in vivo for their antinociceptive properties. As a result, 2 showed potent antinociceptive effect and its ID50 value (53.4 μmol/kg) was 2-fold less than those of the positive control drugs aspirin and acetaminophen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disease recurrence perception plays a key role in disease management and subsequent disease recurrence prevention. However, there are no specific tools for assessing disease recurrence perception in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by alternating remission and recurrence. To develop and validate an instrument for measuring disease recurrence perception of patients with IBD, the study was conducted in two steps: (1) instrument development and (2) psychometric tests. A total of 623 patients with IBD participated in the study. The common sense model of illness self‐regulation (CSM) was used as a framework for instrument development. The administered version contained 48 items intended to be relevant to at least one of the six dimensions of the model. Based on preliminary analyzes, 12 items were deleted leaving 36 items for more detailed psychometric and factor analyzes. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total 36‐item instrument was 0.915. The content validity indexes at item and scale levels were satisfactory. The test‐retest reliability of the total instrument was 0.870. Exploratory principal components analysis (n = 278) was used to identify six components congruent with intended CSM constructs that accounted for 62.6% of total item variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (n = 345) found acceptable fit for the six factor measurement model (χ2/df = 1.999, GFI = 0.846, NFI = 0.855, IFI = 0.922, TLI = 0.910, CFI = 0.921, RMSEA = 0.054). Overall, the DRPSIBD demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity to warrant further development as a measure of disease recurrence perception of patients with IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the design, it is important to evaluate the user experience of representative users in many human product interactions. But, in some cases, it is difficult or even impossible to recruit representative users because they have disabilities that do not allow them to take part in such investigations. Thus, alternative populations are widely studied. The most common way to replace real blind people is to use sighted but blindfolded users when studying design solutions. To test whether such alternative or proxy users can be used to represent blind people in social interactions, we examined the communication quality of 20 blind-sighted pairs and 20 blindfolded-sighted pairs in two different experiments. A prototype named E-Gaze glasses was evaluated as the testing tool. Results clearly show that the blindfolded participants achieved significantly higher communication quality than the blind participants. In qualitative data analysis, the blindfolded participants also reported their user experience of being blindfolded in conversations. Our qualitative results strengthen the conclusion that blindfolded users' behaviour is different from real blind users' behaviour. We recommend that blind users should not be substituted for blindfolded users in human product evaluations when communication quality is measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to translate the Perinatal Infant Care Social Support (PICSS) instrument into Chinese and to verify the reliability and validity of the translated version. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PICSS (C-PICSS). A cohort of 150 first-time mothers in China participated, attending hospital follow-up care at 6 weeks postpartum. Data were collected after obtaining informed consent from the mothers. Results: The majority of mothers were aged between 20 and 29 years, with a mean age of 26.25 (±3.90) years. An item analysis of the 19 items in the C-PICSS showed that all items had an item-total score correlation above 0.2. This resulted in a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.92 and a significant Bartlett's test of sphericity (χ²=1,778.65, p<.001), confirming the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Correlation analyses revealed a strong positive relationship between infant care social support and general social support (r=.62, p<.001), and a negative relationship between infant care social support and postpartum depression (r=-. 38, p<.001). Higher scores for infant care social support were associated with reporting positive relationships with their husbands (t=3.72, p<.001) and high levels of spousal involvement (t=4.09, p<.001). In terms of structural support, spouses were identified as the primary source. Conclusion: The research results indicate that C-PICSS is reliable and valid as an indicator of social support for infant care among Chinese mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the use of evidence-based research (EBR) approach in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture-related therapies for primary dysmenorrhea (PD). Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database were searched from January 2013 to December 2022 for RCTs of acupuncture on PD. The full text and references of each RCT were read to assess whether systematic reviews (SRs) or other types of studies with similar research questions and end-users' perspectives were cited to justify and design the trial. In addition, the discussion section were analyzed to evaluate whether trials placed the new result in the existing SRs to draw a conclusion. Multivariable logistic regression was used to find variables that associated with 3 aspects of EBR approach: (1) citing clinical studies for justification, (2) citing relevant studies that obtain the perspectives of end users, and (3) citing clinical studies for results discussion. Results: Of 473 RCTs included, 45.67% (216) of the trials cited relevant similar studies, 21.56% (102) referenced to the studies that collected end-users' perspectives, and 10.99% (52) placed result in the context of the previous research. Few RCTs appropriately applied EBR approach. Among all the included studies, 3.17% (15) of the trials used SRs to inform study questions but none of them used updated SRs with acceptable quality; 1.05% (5) of the trials cited SRs of end-user's perspectives in the justification and design of the study, and only 1 trial added results in existing SR to draw a conclusion. Year of publication, language, funding, registration, ethical approval and number of sites were significantly associated with 1 of the 3 aspects of EBR approach. Conclusions: Few RCTs in acupuncture-related therapies for PD used the EBR approach to minimize research redundancy. Researchers, research institutes, funding agencies, ethics committees, journals and peer reviewers in acupuncture should make efforts to use and promote the EBR approach to ensure the value of new trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Death anxiety arousal, provoked by anticipating self-nonexistence, may be used as a fraud tactic by scammers on older adults; however, little is known about how it affects older adults' decision making when confronted with a scam and the mechanisms underlying these effects. This study used a questionnaire survey and experimental design to examine them. In Study 1, 307 older adults in China completed questionnaires. The results showed a positive link between death anxiety and vulnerability to fraud, partially mediated by materialism. In Study 2, 82 older adults in China were randomly assigned to the mortality salience group and control group to examine whether death anxiety arousal can increase older adults' vulnerability to fraud and the mediating role of materialism. The results indicated that death anxiety and materialism increase the risk of consumer products and services fraud; therefore, targeting these risk factors might protect older adults from fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Restrictive eligibility criteria in cancer drug trials result in low enrollment rates and limited population diversity. Relaxed eligibility criteria (REC) based on solid evidence is becoming necessary for stakeholders worldwide. However, the absence of high‐quality, favorable evidence remains a major challenge. This study presents a protocol to quantitatively evaluate the impact of relaxing eligibility criteria in common non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) protocols in China, on the risk–benefit profile. This involves a detailed explanation of the rationale, framework, and design of REC. Methods: To evaluate our REC in NSCLC drug trials, we will first construct a structured, cross‐dimensional real‐world NSCLC database using deep learning methods. We will then establish randomized virtual cohorts and perform benefit–risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation and propensity matching. Shapley value will be utilized to quantitatively measure the effect of the change of each eligibility criterion on patient volume, clinical efficacy and safety. Discussion: This study is one of the few that focuses on the problem of overly stringent eligibility criteria cancer drug clinical trials, providing quantitative evaluation of the effect of relaxing each NSCLC eligibility criterion. This study will not only provide scientific evidence for the rational design of population inclusion in lung cancer clinical trials, but also establish a data governance system, as well as a REC evaluation framework that can be generalized to other cancer studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Develop and psychometrically test the physiopsychological disorders scale for medical rescuers fighting epidemics (PDS‐MRFE). Method: A three‐phase approach was used to develop and test the physiopsychological disorders scale: (1) creating the item pool, (2) preliminarily evaluating items, and (3) refining the scale and estimating the psychometric properties. The items of the instrument were generated based on a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative study conducted with 31 medical rescuers (18 nurses and 13 doctors) fighting epidemics. A preliminary evaluation of items was conducted using content validity which was evaluated by a panel of 15 experts. Validity and reliability examinations were conducted to refine the scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. This was done using two different samples. Specifically, Sample A (360 medical rescuers) was employed for item reduction and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and Sample B (287 medical rescuers) was employed for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and determination of other psychometric properties (i.e., reliability, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity), which further confirmed the structure of the scale and evaluated its final psychometric properties. Results: The final scale has 39 items with three subscales, including before, during, and after rescue. The exploratory factor analysis result indicated that the before‐rescue scale of four items, during‐rescue of 21 items, and after‐rescue of 14 items explained 52.07%, 69.75%, and 52.30% of the cumulative variance, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis result indicated that model fit indices of three subscales were acceptable and showed evidence of adequate content, convergent, discriminate, and concurrent validity. The Cronbach's α coefficients for each subscale and all dimensions ranged from 0.81 to 0.92, indicating good reliability for the PDS‐MRFE. Conclusions: The physiopsychological disorders scale is a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument and can be used in both clinical practice and research to evaluate different physiopsychological disorders at different medical rescue stages among medical rescuers fighting epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's small arched shed-building machinery suffers from a low degree of mechanization, building efficiency, and qualification rate for frame insertion. Therefore, we designed a rotary double-insertion device and established the equation for its motion trajectory. The analysis shows that in the rotary insertion process, a better point of entry into the soil exists. A simulation model was constructed in ADAMS, and the static and dynamic trajectories were analyzed. Additionally, the optimal planting and insertion speed ratios were determined. Considering the qualified rate of the insertion frame as the evaluation index to establish a regression model, we adopted a three-factor three-level experimental design and established the planting speed ratio, center distance of the planting arm, and length of the pressing rod arm as the main influencing factors. We used Design-Expert 13 to perform the analysis of variance and determined the optimal parameter combinations. The experimental results show that the planting speed ratio was 0.7, the center distance of the planting arm group was 554 mm, the length of the pressing rod arm was 923 mm, and the qualification rate of trellis planting at this time was 98.05%. The bench was adjusted and tested based on the optimal parameter combination. The average value of the measured trellis qualification rate was 96.73%, and the relative error between the test value and the theoretical optimization value was 1.32%, thereby verifying the reliability of the optimal parameter combination. Field verification test results show that the rotary double-insertion device had a planting speed ratio of 0.7 and a trellis qualified rate of 95.74% compared with the theoretical optimization value of 2.31%. Conforming to the design requirements of small arch shed-building machinery, the prototype operation performance was stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) offers a standardized international terminology to operationalize function management across multiple domains, but the summary score of the ICF qualifier scale provides limited information on the comparison of personal abilities and functioning difficulties. Objectives: To enhance the interpretative power of the ICF‐based Health‐oriented Personal Evaluation for the community‐dwelling older person (iHOPE‐OP) scale through the implementation of the item response theory (IRT) modelling. Methods: This cross‐sectional, multi‐centre study administrated 161 ICF categories (58 on body functions, 15 on body structures, 60 on activities or participation and 28 on environmental factors) to evaluate the functional level of 338 older citizens (female = 158, male = 180) residing in community or supportive living facilities. The validation process encompassed assessing the IRT model fitness and evaluating the psychometric properties of the IRT‐derived iHOPE‐OP scale. Results: The age of participants ranged from 60 to 94.57, with the mean age of 70. The analysis of non‐parametric and parametric models revealed that the three‐parameter logistic IRT model, with a dichotomous scoring principle, exhibited the best fit. The 53‐item iHOPE‐OP scale demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.9729, Guttman's lambda‐2 = 0.9749, Molenaar‐Sijtsma Statistic = 0.9803, latent class reliability coefficient = 0.9882). There was a good validity between person abilities and the Barthel Index (p <.001, r =.83), as well as instrumental activities of daily living (p <.001, r =.84). Conclusions: IRT methods generate the reliable and valid iHOPE‐OP scale with the most discriminable and minimal items to represent the older person's functional performance at a comprehensive level. The use of the Wright map can aid in presby‐functioning management by visualizing item difficulties and person abilities. Implications for practice: Considering the intricate and heterogeneous health status of older persons, a single functional assessment tool might not fulfil the need to fully understand the multifaceted health status. For use in conjunction with the IRT and ICF framework, the reliable and valid iHOPE‐OP scale was developed and can be applied to capture presby‐functioning. The Wright map depicts the distribution of item difficulties and person abilities on the same scale that facilitates person‐centred goal setting and tailors intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poor nurse-patient relationship poses an obstacle to care delivery, jeopardizing patient experience and patient care outcomes. Measuring nurse-patient relationship is challenging given its multi-dimensional nature and a lack of well-established scales. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a multi-dimensional scale measuring nurse-patient relationship in China. Methods: A preliminary scale was constructed based on the existing literature and Delphi consultations with 12 nursing experts. The face validity of the scale was tested through a survey of 45 clinical nurses. This was followed by a validation study on 620 clinical nurses. Cronbach's α, content validity and known-group validity of the scale were assessed. The study sample was further divided into two for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), respectively, to assess the construct validity of the scale. Results: The Nurse-Patient Relationship Scale (NPRS) containing 23 items was developed and validated, measuring five dimensions: nursing behavior, nurse understanding and respect for patient, patient misunderstanding and mistrust in nurse, communication with patient, and interaction with patient. The Cronbach's α of the NPRS ranged from 0.725 to 0.932, indicating high internal consistency. The CFA showed excellent fitness of data into the five-factor structure: χ2/df = 2.431, GFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.923, CFI = 0.939, IFI = 0.923, RMSEA = 0.070. Good content and construct validity are demonstrated through expert consensus and psychometric tests. Conclusion: The NPRS is a valid tool measuring nurse-patient relationship in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This fMRI study explored the relationship between social interactions and neural representations of emotionality in a foreign language (LX). Forty-five late learners of Japanese performed an auditory Japanese lexical decision task involving positive and negative words. The intensity of their social interactions with native Japanese speakers was measured using the Study Abroad Social Interaction Questionnaire. Activity in the left ventral striatum significantly correlated with social interaction intensity for positive words, while the right amygdala showed a significant correlation for negative words. These results indicate neural representations of LX emotional words link with the intensity of social interactions. Furthermore, LX negative words activated the left inferior frontal gyrus more than positive and neutral words, suggesting greater cognitive effort for processing negative words, aligning with a bias in adult social interactions towards more positively-valenced language. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of social interaction experiences in the processing of LX emotional words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parenting stress is the experience of discomfort or distress that results from the demands associated with the role of parenting. Although there are numerous parenting stress scales, relatively few scales have been developed with consideration of the Chinese cultural context. This study aimed to develop and validate the Chinese Parenting Stress Scale (CPSS) with a multidimensional and hierarchical structure for Mainland Chinese preschoolers' parents (N = 1,427, M age = 35.63 years, SD = 4.69). In Study 1, a theoretical model and an initial 118 items were developed, drawing on prior research and existing measures of parenting stress. Exploratory factor analysis yielded 15 first-order factors with 60 items. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analyses supported a higher order solution consisting of 15 first-order factors covering four domains: Child Development (12 items), Difficult Child (16 items), Parent–Child Interaction (12 items), and Parent's Readjustment to Life (20 items). Measurement invariance indicated no gender differences between parents for the scale scores. The convergent, discriminant, and criteria validity of the CPSS scores was supported by its association with related variables in the expected directions. Moreover, the CPSS scores added significant incremental variance in predicting somatization, anxiety, and child's emotional symptoms more so than the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form-15. The CPSS total and subscale scores all had acceptable Cronbach's αs in both samples. The overall findings support the CPSS as a psychometrically sound tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory on a sample of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. Background: Measuring the self‐care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is vital to promote the performance of effective self‐care behaviours. However, few instruments have been developed to measure self‐care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the existing instruments lack theoretical support and satisfactory psychometrics properties. The Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory based on Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐Care of Chronic Illness has been developed and tested previously in Italian and US population. Design: A cross‐sectional instrument development study. Methods: Construct validity was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing, and reliability internal consistency using factor score determinacy coefficients. Results: A convenience sample of 185 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was recruited from September 2020 to January 2022. The instrument consists of three scales: self‐care maintenance, self‐care monitoring and self‐care management. Confirmatory factor analysis performed on the three scales produced good fit indices. The internal consistency was adequate with factor score determinacy coefficients ranging from 0.891 to 0.953 in Self‐Care Maintenance Scale, 0.990 to 0.993 in Self‐Care Monitoring Scale and 0.750 to 0.976 in Self‐Care Management Scale. Conclusions: The Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory has acceptable reliability and validity. Some differences from the original instrument were identified. Further validation studies should be conducted to confirm the psychometric properties of the instrument in Chinese population. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐care of Chronic Illness has been used to direct clinical nursing practice for coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic illnesses and has been shown to have good guiding significance for clinical nursing practice for the self‐care of clinical chronic illness.In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, self‐care has a significant positive effect on preserving disease stability and enhancing health‐related quality of life.There is a shortage of moderate length evaluation instruments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐care with comprehensive theoretical assessment content, but the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory, based on the Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐care of Chronic Illness, has been demonstrated to have positive application effects in Italy and the United States. However, its applicability in China is unclear. What this paper adds? This paper indicates that the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory has good reliability and validity and can reflect the self‐care ability of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. The implications of this paper: The results show that the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory is simple and accessible, and nurses can use it to assess patients' capacity for self‐care regularly.The Chinese version of the Self‐Care Scale has different dimensions from the original scale, indicating that different medical backgrounds and varying understanding of concept of self‐care in various nations may result in various self‐care behaviours.To ensure its wider application, the development of this scale necessitates cross‐cultural adaptation of populations in more countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Study: As flipped learning is a flexible pedagogical methodology to tailor students' needs and maximize the learning effects, this study integrated peer learning with MosoTeach‐supported flipped mode in an undergraduate blended EFL course. MosoTeach is a popular online learning platform in China with a variety of learning resources. Objectives: The study aimed to test the impact of MosoTeach flipped learning (MTFL) mode on undergraduate EFL students' perceived motivation, participation, feedback, and test performance. Methods: A quasi‐experimental design was carried out in Z university during the spring semester of 2020, with the experimental group (n = 34) adopting the MTFL model and a control group (n = 33) the non‐flipped mode. Results and Conclusions: The independent t‐test results showed that the experimental MTFL group outperformed the control group in post‐test scores, and a positive correlation was found in the relationship between the experimental MTFL group's post‐test scores and MosoTeach learning experience points (LEPs). Moreover, the course perception questionnaire survey indicated a higher level of students' perceived motivation, participation, and feedback in the experimental MTFL group, which corresponded to the results of the content analysis of students' responses to open‐ended questions and reflective reports. But students in both groups experienced challenges such as isolation, procrastination and technological anxiety. Lay Description: What is currently known about this topicFlipped language learning is mostly reported to be effective in improving EFL learning.Peer learning is mostly reported to be effective in improving EFL learning.MosoTeach was investigated in English learning contexts before, but without experimental design. What this paper addsMosoTeach proved as a valid online learning platform in flipped language learning, and the learning experience points (LEPs) on MosoTeach could predict students' exam performance.Students in the experimental group (MosoTeach‐supported flipped) had better exam performance and a higher level of motivation, participation and feedback.Students in both groups experienced isolation, procrastination and technological anxiety. Implications for practice:Peer discussion boards in MosoTeach provide learning support effectively for students in pre‐class learning.Group projects and peer assessment in MosoTeach integrate pre‐class peer discussion into in‐class interaction successfully.MosoTeach provides equal opportunity for every student in the large‐size Chinese English classes, thus contributing to the equity of in‐class peer interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stanley et al. (2018) found that the consideration of reasons rarely induced people to change their moral decisions. We challenged this article by assuming what caused such a null or weak effect was that the persuasiveness of reasons provided to oppose the initial decisions was not strong enough. To verify our assumption, this study used Stanley et al.'s (2018) experimental paradigm and manipulated the levels of persuasiveness of reasons. The results revealed (1) that not only strong opposing reasons but also weak affirming reasons could induce changes in moral decision‐making and increase decision confidence after altering the decisions; (2) that people with a weak decision confidence tended to change their initial decisions after evaluation of reasons; and (3) that people who maintained their decisions after considering weak opposing reasons enhanced rather than reduced their decision confidence. Overall, these findings demonstrated that moral decision change was a composite outcome of the interaction among reason type, reason persuasiveness and initial decision confidence and that low‐quality argumentation had a boomerang effect on moral persuasion. This study re‐lifted the role of rational reasoning in moral decision‐making and revising, thus posing important amendments to Stanley et al.'s (2018) findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Multimorbidity resilience reflects older adults' ability to cope with, adapt to, and rebound from its adverse effects through mobilizing resources. This study revised the multidomain Multimorbidity Resilience Index based on the Lifecourse Model of Multimorbidity Resilience referring to the life situations of older adults in rural China to measure the multimorbidity resilience from 2018 to 2021 and to explore factors influencing multimorbidity resilience from the perspective of Life Course theory. Methods This study used the seventh and eighth waves of longitudinal data (2018–2021) collected in Anhui, China. Older adults (945) with 2 or more chronic diseases were selected, and 1,201 (person-year) observations were collected and studied. A mixed linear model examined the effects of early- and later-factors on multimorbidity resilience. Results Multimorbidity resilience was negatively correlated with age and decreased faster with age after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Married older adults have higher multimorbidity resilience. Exposure to hunger was associated with lower multimorbidity resilience when later factors were considered. Self-reported health before age 15, access to medical resources, and multimorbidity resilience were positively correlated. In addition, this study verified the relationship between multimorbidity resilience and the number of chronic diseases, exercise frequency, religious beliefs, self-reported health, and economic satisfaction, among other factors. Discussion The associations between life course factors and multimorbidity resilience emphasize the long-term impact of early-life experience and the adverse effects of increasing age, especially after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings will drive policy development from a life course perspective encompassing prevention and follow-up treatment to promote active aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether high cognitive task load (CTL) for aircraft pilots can be identified by analysing heart-rate variability, electrocardiograms were recorded while cadet pilots (n = 68) performed the plane tracking, anti-gravity pedalling, and reaction tasks during simulated flight missions. Data for standard electrocardiogram parameters were extracted from the R–R-interval series. In the research phase, low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF), normalised HF, and LF/HF differed significantly between high and low CTL conditions (p <.05 for all). A principal component analysis identified three components contributing 90.62% of cumulative heart-rate variance. These principal components were incorporated into a composite index. Validation in a separate group of cadet pilots (n = 139) under similar conditions showed that the index value significantly increased with increasing CTL (p <.05). The heart-rate variability index can be used to objectively identify high CTL flight conditions. Practitioner summary: We used principal component analysis of electrocardiogram data to construct a composite index for identifying high cognitive task load in pilots during simulated flight. We validated the index in a separate group of pilots under similar conditions. The index can be used to improve cadet training and flight safety. Abbreviations: ANOVA: a one-way analysis of variance; AP: anti-gravity pedaling task; CTL: cognitive task load; ECG: electrocardiograms; HR: heart rate; HRV: heart-rate variability; HRVI: heart-rate variability index; PT: plane-tracking task; RMSSD: root-mean square of differences between consecutive R–R intervals; RT: reaction task; SDNN: standard deviation of R-R intervals; HF: high frequency power; HFnu: normalized HF; LF: low frequency power; LFnu: normalized LF; PCA: principal component analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Play Practice instruction on the badminton content knowledge and skill of a cohort of Chinese physical education majors. Method: Seventy-two second-year students participated in semester-long courses following either the principles of Play Practice or skill-focused instruction. A control/comparison group experimental design with pre- and postmeasures was used in this study. Separate analyses of variance with repeated measures (Time × Group) were conducted to examine the effects of Play Practice and skill-focused instruction for each of four dependent variables: (a) forehand clear, (b) tactical understanding, (c) game performance, and (d) specialized content knowledge. Results: Students from both conditions made significant improvements in all four variables across the semester. However, students in the Play Practice condition showed significantly greater gains in tactical understanding, game performance, and specialized content knowledge. In particular, while 75% of students who experienced Play Practice reached the 3.0 benchmark score for adequate specialized content knowledge, only 8% of students in skill-focused instruction reached this standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Guaranteeing nursing service safety and quality is a prioritized issue in the healthcare setting worldwide. However, there still lacks a valid scale to measure the quality and safety competencies of newly graduated nurses globally. Methods: This scale was developed in two phases. In Phase One, a literature review and three-round e-Delphi were conducted to generate the initial item pool; while in Phase Two, five experts tested the content validity of the scale. The construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the data were collected among 1,221 newly graduated nursing students between May, 2017 and August, 2017. Finally, the internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were tested. Results: The final version's Competency Scale of Quality and Safety (CSQS) was confirmed by the CFA involving 64 items in six dimensions, including patient-center care, safety, evidence-based practice, collaboration and teamwork, continuous quality improvement, and informatics. The results of data showed that the data supported the modified model of CSQS (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.03, p = 0.053, Adjusted Goodness of Normed Fit Index = 1.00, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.007, Fit Index = 0.95, Goodness of Fit Index = 0.97, χ2/df = 1.06), and the standardized factor loadings of items were from 0.59 to 0.74 (p < 0.05). The internal consistency reliability of the total scale was 0.98, and the test-retest reliability was 0.89. Conclusions: CSQS was a valid and reliable instrument to measure the safety and quality abilities of greenhand nurses, and could be fully utilized by nursing students, greenhand nurses, nursing educators, as well as hospital nursing managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to identify differential metabolites and key metabolic pathways between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and normal lung (NL) tissues using metabolomics techniques, to discover potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Material and Methods: Forty-five patients with primary ground-glass nodules (GGN) identified on computed tomography imaging and who were willing to undergo surgery at Shanghai General Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were recruited to the study. All participants underwent video thoracoscopy surgery with segmental or wedge resection of the lung. Tissue samples for pathological examination were collected from the site of ground-glass nodules (GGN) lesion and 3 cm away from the lesion (NL). The pathology results were 35 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cases (13 invasive adenocarcinoma, 14 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and eight adenocarcinoma in situ), 10 benign samples, and 45 NL tissues. For the untargeted metabolomics technique, 25 LUAD samples were assigned as the case group and 30 NL tissues as the control group. For the targeted metabolomics technique, ten LUAD samples were assigned as the case group and 15 NL tissues as the control group. Samples were analyzed by untargeted and targeted metabolomics, with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection used as part of the experimental procedure. Results: Untargeted metabolomics revealed 164 differential metabolites between the case and control groups, comprising 110 up regulations and 54 down regulations. The main metabolic differences found by the untargeted method were organic acids and their derivatives. Targeted metabolomics revealed 77 differential metabolites between the case and control groups, comprising 69 up regulations and eight down regulations. The main metabolic changes found by the targeted method were fatty acids, amino acids, and organic acids. The levels of organic acids such as lactic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid were significantly increased in LUAD tissue compared to NL. Specifically, an increased level of L-lactic acid was found by both untargeted (variable importance in projection [VIP] = 1.332, fold-change [FC] = 1.678, q = 0.000) and targeted metabolomics (VIP = 1.240, FC = 1.451, q = 0.043). Targeted metabolomics also revealed increased levels of fumaric acid (VIP = 1.481, FC = 1.764, q = 0.106) and L-malic acid (VIP = 1.376, FC = 1.562, q = 0.012). Most of the 20 differential fatty acids identified were downregulated, including dodecanoic acid (VIP = 1.416, FC = 0.378, q = 0.043) and tridecane acid (VIP = 0.880, FC = 0.780, q = 0.106). Furthermore, increased levels of differential amino acids were found in LUAD samples. Conclusion: Lung cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease with diverse genetic alterations. The study of metabolic profiles is a promising research field in this cancer type. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics revealed significant differences in metabolites between LUAD and NL tissues, including elevated levels of organic acids, decreased levels of fatty acids, and increased levels of amino acids. These metabolic features provide valuable insights into LUAD pathogenesis and can potentially serve as biomarkers for prognosis and therapy response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia-related safety behaviors are behaviors that aim to mitigate the negative consequences of insomnia but inadvertently perpetuate insomnia. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a Chinese short-form of the sleep-related behavior questionnaire (SRBQ-SF), a self-report measure of insomnia-related safety behaviors, using item response theory. The Chinese version of the original SRBQ was completed by 536 Chinese-speaking adults with clinically significant insomnia. The automatic item selection procedure of the Mokken scaling analysis was used to develop and evaluate the SRBQ-SF. A 23-item SRBQ-SF consisting of a 14-item reduced engagement and avoidance subscale (SRBQ-REA) and a 9-item preoccupation with sleep subscale (SRBQ-PS) was derived. Classical test theory-based estimates showed that the SRBQ-REA and SRBQ-PS had good internal consistency and acceptable convergent and discriminant validities, and they were only weakly correlated with each other. We recommend the use of the SRBQ-REA and SRBQ-PS separately to assess two dimensions of safety behaviors in the study and treatment of insomnia in Chinese-speaking adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory (SCSI). A cross-sectional, instrument development and the psychometric testing study was conducted. A 23-item self-report Self-Care of Stroke Inventory with 3 separate scales was developed. This study involved three stages: (a) Initial items generation; (b) Content and face validation; (c) Psychometric properties evaluation. The SCSI was validated by content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. From the initial 80-item pool, 24 items of 3 scales in the SCSI were retained by the expert consultation and item analysis. The scale's content validity was 0.976, 0.966, and 0.973. The EFA showed the total variance explained by the 3 scales of the SCSI were 73.417%, 74.281%, and 80.207%, respectively. The models of the 3 scales identified by EFA were all confirmed by the CFA. The SCSI scale shows evidence of good convergent validity. Cronbach's αs were 0.830, 0.930, and 0.831. Test-retest reliability of the SCSI was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.945, 0.907, and 0.837. The final 23-item SCSI presents good psychometric properties and can be used to explore the self-care of stroke in community settings. This study developed and validated the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory (SCSI). The SCSI contains the following 3 scales: the Self-care Maintenance of Stroke scale, the Self-care Monitoring of Stroke scale, and the Self-care Management of Stroke scale The 23-item SCSI demonstrated strong psychometric properties. The SCSI may be used to develop future programmes to promote self-care for stroke survivors and improve their rehabilitation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on evaluating the quality of reporting in palliative and end-of-life care intervention studies regarding social characteristics like socioeconomic position, race, religion, and main language of participants. Topics include the findings that a significant proportion of studies do not report these characteristics adequately, with a tendency to use broad categories that may not capture the diversity of participants, hindering efforts to address inequalities in palliative care.

Background: Managing nutrition in critically ill patients involves many medical fields. However, the nutrition management of critically ill patients has not been comprehensive enough to achieve multidisciplinary team cooperation in China and many other countries. Furthermore, there is no standardized management model or process. Aim: To explore the multidisciplinary cooperative nutrition management model for critically ill patients in the ICUs in China, verify its clinical effect and provide a clinical practice reference for the nutrition management of critically ill patients. Study Design: A multidisciplinary cooperative nutrition management team, including ICU doctors, ICU nurses, clinical nutritionists, clinical pharmacists and radiologists, was established for critically ill patients. According to a literature review and domestic guidelines, the standardized process of nutritional management for critically ill patients was constructed through the Delphi expert consultation method. One hundred thirty‐two patients in the ICU were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. A routine nutrition management mode, which was the nutrition management plan mainly formulated by the ICU doctor in charge only and the ICU nurses responsible for the implementation and monitoring of nutrition support, was implemented in the control group. And a multidisciplinary nutrition management mode, which was the nutrition management implemented by the multidisciplinary teams with the standardized nutrition management process for critically ill patients, was adopted in the experimental group. The early nutritional support rate, nutritional indexes (serum albumin, preprotein, haemoglobin and hs‐CPR), mechanical ventilation time, ICU hospitalization days and hospitalization expenses of the two groups were compared. Results: The early nutritional support rates of the experimental group and the control group were 89.39% and 69.7%, respectively (χ2 =.002, p =.031). Serum albumin (35.4 vs. 33.1 g/L), preprotein (153.2 vs. 125.9 mg/L) and haemoglobin (97.5 vs. 90.6 g/L) in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group (p =.000,.016,.033). The days of hospitalization in the ICU of the experimental group were shorter than in the control group (5.1 vs. 7.1, p =.039). High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, the days of mechanical ventilation and ICU hospitalization expenses of the experimental group were lower than in the control group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p =.713,.068,.489). Conclusions: Because of the severity and complexity of patients' diseases, it is necessary to implement multidisciplinary nutrition management for critically ill patients. Research shows that the multidisciplinary nutrition management standardized process for critically ill patients that was constructed in this study can effectively improve nutritional indexes such as serum albumin, preprotein and haemoglobin, shorten the length of stay in the ICU and promote the rehabilitation of patients, and this process be widely used in the clinic. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Structured multidisciplinary nutrition management operational processes can guide clinical practice. They could be widely used in the clinical nutrition management of critically ill patients in critical care units or other departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The problems of excessive CO2 emission, the greenhouse effect, and energy shortage have been widely discussed among countries worldwide. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) can realize the conversion of CO2 into value-added chemical fuel under mild conditions and the storage of renewable electricity, which is an effective way to promote China's aim of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. To pursue higher catalytic activity and product selectivity, researchers are committed to developing highly efficient ECO2RR electrocatalysts. In this paper, we designed Mo2CO2 MXene-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) (TM@Mo2CO2-Ov, TM = Fe, Co, Ni) according to the needs of ECO2RR, focusing on their electronic structure, catalytic performance, as well as reaction mechanism through theoretical simulation of the electrocatalytic process. [Methods] In this work, the CIF file of the Mo2CO2 MXene structure downloaded from the crystal structure database was first imported into the Materials Studio software. Then, the (110) crystal plane was cleaved, and a vacuum layer of 15 A was created. Afterward, a 3 x 3 supercell treatment was applied to the system. Next, the VASP software was utilized to perform structure optimization. After the Mo2CO2 structure was optimized, a vacancy site for an oxygen atom on the surface was constructed. Subsequently, the Fe, Co, and Ni metal atoms were introduced into the respective vacancy sites to create the Fe@Mo2CO2-Ov, Co@Mo2CO2-Ov, and Ni@Mo2CO2-Ov catalyst models, respectively. Finally, the VASP software was employed to optimize the catalyst structures and the adsorption structures of the reaction intermediates. The performance evaluation of ECO2RR on different SACs was obtained by studying the reaction mechanism of the production of C products (CO, HCOOH, CH3OH, and CH4). The free energy of ECO2RR was calculated using the computational hydrogen electrode mode, wherein the energy of (H+ + e-) remained equivalent to that of 1/2H2 at normal pressure and temperature. [Results] The calculated results showed the following: 1) In the Mo2CO2-Ov framework, single Fe, Co, and Ni atoms replaced the Mo atom at the center of the O defect. After structural optimization, it was found that these three structures did not change significantly, and the bond lengths only changed slightly. 2) The CO2 molecule was stably adsorbed on Fe@Mo2CO2-Ov, Co@Mo2CO2-Ov, and Ni@Mo2CO2-Ov via chemisorption. The structures of CO2 were significantly bent after adsorption, and the calculated absolute values of the interaction exceeded four. The DOS analysis showed that the occupation of d orbitals of Ni, Co, and Fe led to the adsorption difference. The d orbitals of Co and Fe were hybridized with the ng and nM* orbitals of CO2, which promoted the adsorption and activation of CO2. 3) The ECO2RR free energy diagram and reaction path analysis showed that Co@Mo2CO2-Ov had higher ECO2RR activity and better CH4 selectivity and was a better electrocatalyst for the formation of C1 products from ECO2RR than Fe@Mo2CO2-Ov and Ni@Mo2CO2-Ov. [Conclusions] By integrating the geometrical analysis, DOS calculation, and free energy analysis, Co@Mo2CO2-Ov was established as the ideal ECO2RR catalyst. The work can achieve the expected goal of significantly enhancing the ECO2RR performance and improving students' scientific research literacy to explore micromechanisms and processes through the extension of the experimental process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eugenol (EU) has been shown to ameliorate experimental colitis due to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. In this study, DSS-induced acute colitis was established and applied to clarify the regulation efficacy of EU on intestinal barrier impairment and macrophage polarization imbalance along with the inflammatory response. Besides, the adjusting effect of EU on macrophages was further investigated in vitro. The results confirmed that EU intervention alleviated DSS-induced colitis through methods such as restraining weight loss and colonic shortening and decreasing DAI scores. Microscopic observation manifested that EU maintained the intestinal barrier integrity in line with the mucus barrier and tight junction protection. Furthermore, EU intervention significantly suppressed the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF- κ B signaling pathways and pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expressions, while enhancing the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Simultaneously, WB and FCM analyses of the CD86 and CD206 showed that EU could regulate the DSS-induced macrophage polarization imbalance. Overall, our data further elucidated the mechanism of EU's defensive effect on experimental colitis, which is relevant to the protective efficacy of intestinal barriers, inhibition of oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory response, and reprogramming of macrophage polarization. Hence, this study may facilitate a better understanding of the protective action of the EU against UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was designed to measure the personality traits of the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD). It is comprised of 25 lower order facet scales. Factor analytic investigation of these scales has consistently recovered five factors corresponding to the trait domains of the AMPD. Most of these factor analytic studies, however, have been conducted in the United States and Western European countries and languages. Fewer studies have examined the factor structure of the PID-5 in East Asian countries; and no studies have examined whether the five-factor structure found in Western countries/cultures/languages is congruent with those from East Asia. In this study, we examine the PID-5 factor structure in adult community samples from the People's Republic of China (PRC; N = 233 [116 females], Mage = 35.88, range = 22–60) and the United States (N = 237 [118 females], Mage = 35.44, range = 22–60) using exploratory structural equation modelling and assess whether the factor structures across these samples are congruent using Tucker's congruence coefficient. A five-factor solution was an adequate-to-good fit in both samples. The factor structure obtained from the U.S. sample was congruent with the PID-5 normative sample factor structure. The compositional configuration of the factors in the five-factor structure in the PRC sample, however, showed poor congruence with the U.S. sample. A six-factor model proved to be a better fitting model in the PRC sample. We conclude that the PID-5 does not have factor structure equivalence across U.S. and Chinese cultures/languages. Public Significance Statement: In this study, we demonstrated that the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) designed to measure personality psychopathology does not measure the same set of pathological personality traits in U.S. and Chinese cultures. The scores on the PID-5 are not comparable in Chinese and U.S. samples and likely cannot be interpreted equivalently across these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of nurses in implementing advance directives (ADs) for older patients and analyze the influencing factors before the establishment of the first advance directives act in China. Design: Multicenter cross‐sectional survey. The standards for reporting the STROBE checklist are used. Methods: This cross‐sectional study developed a self‐designed structured questionnaire to assess nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices about ADs. Nurses were recruited by stratified random sampling through the Nursing Departments of 12 hospitals in southwest China and were asked to fill out the questionnaire face to face about knowledge, attitudes and practices. Data were analyzed following descriptive statistics, rank‐sum test and multiple linear regression. Results: This study included 950 nurses. The study found that nurses were extremely supportive of ADs. Unmarried nurses had better knowledge of ADs than married ones. Nevertheless, there was a discrepancy between the participants' knowledge, attitude and practice. The participants' practice was lower (4.3%) compared with their attitude (81.9%) and knowledge (42.2%). Knowledge on, attitudes towards and standardized procedures for ADs in the workplace affected nursing practice. Conclusions: The study recommends that courses on ADs and appropriate support from medical institutions should be provided to nurses to increase their knowledge and confidence in implementing ADs. Healthcare professionals should be sufficiently equipped to implement ADs and handle their execution appropriately to provide adequate end‐of‐life care corresponding to patients' wishes. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The study results inform rich insights as it discusses the numerous interrelating factors influencing these three fundamental aspects that affect the success of any AD policy by surveying the knowledge, attitudes and practices of clinical nurses. Furthermore, our results hint at distinct areas of improvement in the nursing practice to facilitate the wider implementation and acceptance of ADs in China. Patient or Public Contribution: This study involved no patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]