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Despite the difficulty of defining young adult literature (YAL), the benefits of it have been well recognised for adolescent learners. With the aim of exploring pedagogical approaches to L2 literature, this study reports on a YAL reading programme carried out in a secondary EFL classroom in China. To gain both teacher and student perspectives, data were collected from three main sources: semi-structured interviews with the teacher and student participants (N = 3); teacher's reflective journal; students' written works published on a social media platform (N = 304). Following the comprehensive approach model of L2 literature teaching [Bloemert, J., A. Paran, E. Jansen and W. van de Grift. 2019. Students' perspective on the benefits of EFL literature education. "The Language Learning Journal" 47, no. 3: 371-384.], the teaching activities of the reading programme carried out over ten weeks are presented and analysed, illustrated by samples of students' work. Findings of the study suggest that YAL has positive effects on teenage L2 learners including interest in the story and relatable protagonists, enhanced understanding of the embedded culture, and personal growth. Teaching activities conducted in this programme are categorised into facilitating activities and reading tasks. Two principles for L2 literature teaching are drawn out of the teaching activities: providing others' perspectives and eliciting students' perspectives on the novel; and integrating multimodal production into literature teaching. Detailed implications for future practice are explored.

This study addresses the problems in traditional English literature teaching methods for Chinese English majors, proposing a new teaching approach based on smart education concepts to enhance learning effectiveness. An evaluation of a semester-long reform in teaching methods is conducted using a quantitative methodology. The findings reveal significant differences in learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes, suggesting the new model's positive influence on student academic performances. Machine learning algorithms are also used to analyze student classroom behavior, indicating a significant increase in active engagement. In conclusion, students' learning outcomes, as well as engagement, can be substantially improved by integrating smart education techniques into English literature instruction.

Reading is one of the crucial aspects of the learning process. The learning efficiency depends on the motivation and involvement of students. The paper aims to determine whether the developed online course enhances student motivation and engagement in contemporary American literature. For this purpose, questionnaires were used. The sample consisted of 126 students enrolled in Yulin Gaoxin Secondary School, who had English proficiency at a high enough level to read English literature in the original language. Before and after the course, the Reading Motivation Questionnaires test was administered, with its scores validated using Student's t-test for dependent samples. Significant progress is observed in the internal and social components of motivation (23-25%), as well as in the Engagement category (31%). The course also positively affected learning effectiveness. None of the participants scored less than half of the possible points for the course assignments. Most children obtained high (95-119 points) and very high scores (120-140 points). This finding demonstrates the suitability of the tools used (videoconferencing, learning management systems, discussion forums, and interactive exercises) in online learning when studying modern literature. The research findings are of interest, first of all, to instructors who adopt technological innovations in their lessons or want to motivate students to read. Second, school administrators and education sector officials can draw information from the findings for corrective action. Third, software developers may be inspired by the data and create new technology solutions.

The present study aims to explore an embodied approach to students' deep learning; specifically, how deep learning is interactively achieved through teachers' languaging dynamics and multimodal representations in interactive lecturing in L2 higher education (HE) contexts. The purpose is to understand how an instructor's embodied and multimodal pedagogical practices of interactive teaching facilitate students' active classroom engagement in lecture sessions that are often considered a form of passive knowledge transmission. The case study focuses on the languaging dynamics mobilised by the target teacher participant, who has been recognised as a representative of teaching excellence due to an international background and rich localised teaching experience. Aligned with the theoretical underpinnings of an embodied approach to learning from a constructivist perspective, this study focuses on the multimodal repertoire employed by the teacher's use of gestures to stimulate students' responses to the pedagogically designed high-order questions. We argue that this complementarity encourages thinking and active learning in the knowledge transfer. Further, this embodied interactive teaching mode with the affordances of gestures not only supports learning potential for information transmission but also affords action potentials for cognitive thinking and projected interaction for knowledge transformation in the active learning process.

Purpose: Against the backdrop of China's curriculum reform, this paper explores how a Chinese lesson study (CLS) of English literature instruction in a senior high school promotes the teacher participant's professional development (PD) in teacher beliefs and emotions, teaching contents, teaching approaches and learner outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopted the CLS approach to explore the teacher participant, Lily's PD. Three rounds of CLS of short fiction instruction were conducted. Triangulated data including interviews, reflection journals, discussion notes and lesson materials were collected for directed qualitative content analysis. Findings: The results show that through the CLS, Lily has (1) changed her beliefs about the curriculum and literature instruction, and improved her emotion management and become more resilient and motivated; (2) shifted her teaching focus from forms and facts to meanings; (3) adopted a more learner-centred and inquiry-based teaching approach and (4) received satisfactory learner outcomes including increased learner participation and quality output. The follow-up class observations suggest the sustainability of such development. Originality/value: This study applies and validates a conceptual framework of teachers' PD, and establishes the value of promoting curriculum reform and facilitating EFL teachers' PD through CLS and literature instruction.

This paper uses Edgar Dale's Audio-visual Learning Theory and Jean Piaget's Constructionist Learning Theory as the theoretical framework to conduct two control experimental tests and a questionnaire research to investigate students' impression and expectations toward WeChat public account based mobile learning mode as well as its validity, advantages and shortcomings. The findings of the research are as follows: (1) students who use the WeChat public account based mobile learning mode can perform better in acquiring knowledge and passing examinations than non-users; (2) students' mobile learning habits find a good basis for their acceptance of the new WeChat learning mode; (3) most students respond to the new WeChat learning mode with a positive attitude, and universities can introduce this mode into the course design; (4) this new WeChat learning mode helps students learn literature in the aspects of interest stimulation, ability improvement and literature content learning; (5) WeChat mobile learning is only an extension of the current form of learning and cannot replace the current traditional school education; (6) Mobile learning mode based WeChat public account is an important teaching aid for teachers in the aspects of information dissemination, interactive mode and updated contents; (7) The experience of improving the current mobile learning model of WeChat public account can be enriched from students' feedback. It is hoped that WeChat mobile learning will efficiently activate students' learning potentials and promote English and American literature teaching innovation.

This action research was conducted to investigate the efficacy of networking, an adjusted cooperative learning method employed in an English literature class for non-English majors in China. Questionnaire was administered online anonymously to college students after a 14-week cooperative learning in literature class in a Chinese university, aiming to study whether the proposed cooperative learning method was an effective method in literature class and how it would impact students. The results indicated that it was an effective instructional practice with benefits in academic study, accountability and social skills.

Oscar Wilde is one of the most hilarious playwrights in the history of English literature. And 'The Importance of Being Earnest' is his masterpiece. With Wilde's humorous and witty language as the starting point and aided by the concordancing software WORDSMITH TOOLS, a detailed analysis was carried out on this comedy from lexical level and syntactical level, interesting and significant findings are found: 1) The comedy is about love and marriage. It mainly focuses on being earnest and is related with the behavior of bunbury. Besides their individuality, all characters have the nature of superficiality and hypocrisy. Each one treats the serious things such as death and religion with triviality, yet regards name and pleasure as things of vital importance. The main theme of the comedy is the duality of Victorian people, who are earnest and elegant in appearance, but superficial and absurd in nature, and who is wearing the mask of manners and telling lies whenever they like. Wilde holds a disapproving attitude against the society by frequently using the words of negative meaning or in the negative context. Some words give new meaning to describe the occurrence of things that cannot be controlled, but people act as if they could be, presenting characters' power in controlling things and other people. All the above statements are justified by lexical features of the text. 2) Wilde has an opposed and ironic attitude to the world he was living in. He knew the upper class, and he knew that the lives they led were so dry, boring, concerned with manners and customs, and so perfectly earnest that it was almost inhuman. Therefore, a lot of negatives appear in the text. High occurrences of negatives also show characters' ideas against convention and people's expectations. Corpus-assisted literary analysis provides authentic contextual data that show meaningful information in the text and give students an immediate sense of the style of the text. Driven by objective data of linguistic features and the background language, students can see the foregrounding characteristics of a given text and its artistic values and consequently can appreciate the literary work better and have a deeper understanding of the language.

Recounts an American teacher's experience of teaching English at a university in China and includes advice to others considering a similar teaching experience. (AEA)

The study of British literature in China played a significant role in societal development of the 20th and 21st centuries. As a prominent scholar in China, Wang Shouren first attracted the attention of global academic community with his study of the 19th century English unacted drama in the 1990s. In his almost forty-year career of teaching and research on British literature, Wang has made a remarkable contribution to the advancement of British literary studies in China by broadening the horizon of research on classic British authors, promoting the study on contemporary British literature, and revisiting the development of literary theory in Britain. In his works on British literature, he introduces a research paradigm combining social criticism and aesthetic criticism, examines contemporary British literature with an emphasis on representation of societal development, and provides new perspectives for the study of British literary theory. Focusing on the Chinese elements in British literary works and adopting a comparative approach in editing textbooks, Wang Shouren demonstrates keen observation and creative intelligence of Chinese scholars, and establishes himself as one of the most influential scholars of foreign literature studies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two decades into the 21st century, an increasingly powerful and complicated media environment has gained an ever-growing influence on our lives. China has one of the largest, most vibrant, active, and sophisticated media landscapes globally. In such a vast and high-pace media environment, media literacy has quickly become a topic of interest for both academic and practitioner circles. In this paper, I set out to review the current body of English language literature on media literacy education in the Chinese context. I categorize the reviewed body of literature into three sequential major thematic clusters: (1) development, (2) integration, and (3) outcomes of media literacy education. This review contextualizes and maps the existing research per cluster and provides an overview of the status quo for researchers, practitioners, and other interested media literacy stakeholders. I conclude by identifying major findings across the reviewed literature along with recommendations for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrative inquiry has been widely used in different disciplines around the world. In this article, we focus on narrative inquiry in China where we start by retelling our first close contact with narrative researchers in China in 2007 when Professor Gang Ding at East China Normal University invited leading Chinese researchers to a three-day narrative inquiry workshop co-planned with us (Connelly and Xu). Second, we review narrative studies published in Chinese to demonstrate how widely narrative inquiry has been adopted in educational studies in the country in the past two decades by Chinese university researchers, graduate students, and schoolteachers. Next, our review of English literature of narrative studies related to education in China has two important components: English literature on narrative inquiry contextualized in China and narrative inquiry for reciprocal learning in teacher education and school education between Canada and China. Both reveal how narrative inquiry has contributed to international cross-cultural educational studies related to Chinese contexts. Finally, in the "Discussion" section, we provide our interpretation of some current dialogs on narrative inquiry among Chinese educational researchers; for example, the differences between yanjiu ... (research) and tanjiu ... (inquiry). Some heated discussions surrounding narrative inquiry in China are also highlighted, including: (1) cultural complexities in narrative inquiry, (2) theoretical frameworks in narrative inquiry, (3) re-storying and fictionalization processes in narrative inquiry, and (4) ethical considerations in narrative inquiry. To conclude, with cases selected and elaborated from the Canada-China partnership, we demonstrate how narrative inquiry has enabled us to develop "reciprocal learning" as both a conceptual framework and a methodological approach to building a multidimensional bridge for reciprocal learning in education between the West and East. This Reciprocal Learning approach reflects our global comparative studies view that the path to global crosscultural harmony and understanding lies with collaborative action plans among people of different cultures. Writing this article on narrative inquiry in China enabled us to reflect on and learn from narrative inquirers and researchers in China while sharing what we have done in our own narrative inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological civilization has emerged as an innovative form of civilization in China, and sustainable development has been widely recognized as a globally leading development model. These two concepts are closely related. The international English literature focuses on hot topics in the field of sustainable development such as climate change, urbanization, government management, and ecosystems, while the Chinese literature emphasizes ecological civilization concepts with Chinese characteristics, such as green development, beautiful China, and scientific development concepts. Ecological civilization and sustainable development are both responses to resource, environmental, and ecological crises and have emerged from the same historical background. The two concepts complement each other, with ecological civilization providing an ideological foundation for sustainable development, and sustainable development serving as the implementation path and concrete manifestation of ecological civilization. To deepen research on ecological civilization and sustainable development, it is necessary to build a global community with a shared future, address the major strategic needs of different countries or regions, innovate and develop interdisciplinary theories, methods, and technologies, strengthen international cooperation, provide disciplinary support for ecological civilization and sustainable development research, and provide country-specific research solutions for global and regional sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brief examination of the history of English as an academic subject in China is given, with focus on the paramount importance China attaches to the teaching and learning of foreign languages and literatures in general and of English language and literature in particular. It is argued that China presents a unique case in human history in which an immense sovereign state has put systematic and sustained efforts into learning a foreign language, formulating unified linguistic policies and enforcing them in a potent manner; and by so doing, has made the external world relatively transparent in a short time, integrating all kinds of new knowledge into its cognitive system and transforming the minds of its population, thus effecting an overall civilizational transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The definitions of internationalisation have been contested and require contextualisation. Despite the long-standing practice of and research on higher education internationalisation in Mainland China, ambiguities regarding the concept persist. This study examines academic discourses on the internationalisation of Chinese higher education. It draws on a systematic literature review of 240 journal articles published in Mandarin Chinese and English. Findings reveal the prevalence of defining internationalisation using Western discourses and attempts to provide Chinese definitions of internationalisation. The review also identifies the coexistence of educational, economic, political, and cultural logic clusters in the discourses on the internationalisation of Chinese higher education. In addition, the article discusses temporality, spatiality, affectivity and relationality in the discourses and their corresponding themes. It concludes with a discussion on the 'Chinese characteristics' of higher education internationalisation, and reflections on the common dichotomies and myth in the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Discussing the research status and development trend of cortical bone trajectory screws and understanding the research direction and hotspots of cortical bone trajectory screws will help researchers grasp the latest information and development trends in this field. OBJECTIVE: To explore the global research status and future development trends of cortical bone trajectory screws. METHODS: English literature related to cortical bone trajectory screws published from January 1 2000 to October 28, 2021 was searched in the Web of Science core collection database. Bibliometric method was used to count and analyze the collected literature. VOS viewer software was used to perform visualized research on these articles to analyze the research hotspots and development trends of cortical bone trajectory screws. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 426 articles were included. The global research publication volume of cortical bone trajectory screws has increased year by year, with the most published articles in 2020, with a total of 64 articles published. Among them, the United States has the largest number of publications and has the largest contribution to the world, ranking No. 1 (172 papers). China has published 84 papers, ranking second. (2) WORLD NEUROSURGERY has the largest number of related papers at 33; the National Institutes of Health and the US Department of Health Human Services are the most funded. (3) MATSUKAWA K is the author with the most published articles, with 19 articles; YATO Y ranked second, with 14 articles published. (4) From the visual analysis of cortical bone trajectory screw research, the research in this field still has a lot of room for exploration, and the number of publications will continue to increase. The United States and Japan are leading in this field, followed by China. In recent years, the research direction has mainly focused on the surgical treatment of cortical bone trajectory screws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In China, the application of corpus in language teaching, especially in English and American literature teaching, is still in the preliminary research stage, and there are various shortcomings, which have not been paid due attention by front-line educators. Constructing English and American literature corpus according to certain principles can effectively promote English and American literature teaching. The research of this paper is devoted to how to automatically build a corpus of English and American literature. In the process of keyword extraction, key phrases and keywords are effectively combined. The similarity between atomic events is calculated by the TextRank algorithm, and then the first N sentences with high similarity are selected and sorted. Based on ML (machine learning) text classification method, a combined classifier based on SVM (support vector machine) and NB (Naive Bayes) is proposed. The experimental results show that, from the point of view of accuracy and recall, the classification effect of the combined algorithm proposed in this paper is the best among the three methods. The best classification results of accuracy, recall, and F value are 0.87, 0.9, and 0.89, respectively. Experimental results show that this method can quickly, accurately, and persistently obtain high-quality bilingual mixed web pages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective teaching is an important research topic worldwide. This review aims to analyze effective teaching literature in China with respect to general characteristics and conceptional dimensions. Two types of effective teaching literature, empirical studies written in Chinese and written in English, are selected for this review. Stronge's effective teaching framework is adopted for examining the conceptual dimensions in the selected studies. The results taken from the two types of literature reveal different research orientations regarding effective teaching. The literature written in Chinese demonstrates a number of quantitative research studies that, overall, are ill-written from the standard criteria of empirical study writing, including serious design flaws, missing important information, and weak data interpretations. In contrast, the literature written in English tends to focus more on a qualitative research orientation with sufficient overall quality for methodological design. Regarding the effective teaching dimensions, the dimension of the Teacher as a Person is interpreted differently, while the dimension of Implementing Instruction is most often commonly adopted in the two types of literature. We suggest that more studies are needed to conceptualize effective teaching frameworks from macro, meso, and micro levels in order to enhance the quality of effective teaching research in China. Additionally, effective teaching studies related to minority students are rare and deserve future investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boundaries of talent management (TM) are shifting. However, there remains insufficient understanding of the impact of context and stakeholders within the conceptualisation of TM. Considerable confusion remains about how TM is conceived and defined in the Chinese context. Even less is known about how to reconceptualise Chinese TM in a changing new context. This review adopts a new theoretical lens of talent value to reconsider the current definitions of Chinese TM and presents a framework for re‐examining the relationships between the components of Chinese TM. Integrating the findings of the academic and practical literature, this article proposes a model to identify key contextual factors of the new context to observe and analyse the impacts of contextual changes on the concept of Chinese TM. By reviewing the English and Chinese literature on TM in the Chinese context, we bridge the knowledge gap and provide non‐Chinese readers with insights into the Chinese TM phenomenon and ways of conceptualisation that will be relevant to multinational firms operating in China and cross‐country comparative studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a large body of literature on English learning using translanguaging, such research on the role of translanguaging on English reading among Chinese private university students is minimal. The present study presented a need for teachers in an English medium instruction context to mitigate language deficiencies where the students are not able to perform in an English-only classroom. The research examined when and how translanguaging emerges in Chinese private university students' English reading practice. Ethnographic research methods were implemented over a six-month period. Twenty-eight students and their teacher participated in this study. Data were collected through classroom observations, open-ended interviews. Translanguaging as theoretical framework and nexus analysis as analytical framework were employed to examine the real reading practice of private university students and their trajectories of the shift from natural translanguaging to planned translanguaging. The findings indicated that: a) reading using translanguaging rather than English medium instruction is typical in teaching and reading practices among private university students in China; b) although Chinese private university students as a community of low English proficiency appreciated the pedagogical translanguaging, they still needed time, space, and planned translanguaging to reconcile the tension between translanguaging and English medium instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Marxian economists in China have put forward several interpretations of the transformation problem that differ from interpretations available in the English Marxian literature. These contributions remain unfamiliar to the English world due to language barriers. Thus, this paper provides a review of four representative Chinese contributions. JEL Classification : B51, C67, D46 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of fengmao has found wide-spread use and application in urban design and development in China over the past four decades. It is increasingly used as a means of evaluating, maintaining and preserving cultural heritage. However, the common translation as 'urban character' in the English language literature fails to convey the complexity and comprehensiveness of the notion. We introduce the concept in its fullness and provide brief history of the evolution of the term over recent decades, linking its rising importance with some of China's major urban and rural development turns. We illustrate the rural fengmao assessment framework on the case of the national leader in this regard, Anji County (Zhejiang Province, China). Finally, we demonstrate that current fengmao assessment and improvement efforts neglect two areas that are instrumental in sustainable development: the inclusion of (a) local stakeholders and (b) a detailed ecosystems and ecosystem services analysis as part of fengmao evaluation. We propose a more comprehensive conceptualisation and definition of fengmao which is better aligned with the aims and principles of sustainable development and offer concluding remarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on a survey and interviews of Pakistani University students and teachers regarding the prospective inclusion of Chinese literature courses in English Studies in particular and University programmes in general. Before a discussion of the results of the survey and the interviews, the paper offers a discussion on some of the curricular, pedagogical, and political ramifications of this possible inclusion. The study reveals that an overwhelming number of students do not know anything about Chinese literature, but have a strong interest in reading it, consider that such a step would diversify the curriculum, offer economic dividends, and shatter stereotypes about China. This research also identified that the comparative literary paradigm would be most suitable for such a literary engagement, and the local perspectives must not be ignored as such an occlusion might pave the way for another form of cultural imperialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: In the absence of a vaccine or specific drug treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), attention has been shifted in China to the possible therapeutic use of convalescent plasma. COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is currently under investigation. We summarized clinical studies and other research data available as of 5 May 2020 on CCP therapy according to the Clinical Treatment Guideline of COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma in China, as well as clinical experience at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, as part of a comprehensive anti‐epidemic strategy. Materials and methods: As of 5 May 2020, when the epidemic was well‐controlled in China, healthcare databases and sources of English literature relating to convalescent plasma were searched and reviewed. Sources of clinical and methodological heterogeneity were identified. Results: As of 5 May 2020, up to 2000 samples of CCP had been collected across China and administered to 700 COVID‐19 patients. From donors, 200–400 ml of plasma was collected at each donation, with antibody titres > 1:160. We identified three clinical studies for COVID‐19 in China. Analyses showed a statistically significant improvement in clinical outcomes compared with untreated cases (P < 0.001). No adverse effects were reported. Conclusion: From initial studies, convalescent plasma therapy appears effective and safe for COVID‐19. However, there is clearly a need for well‐designed RCTs (randomized controlled trials) or other formal studies to further evaluate the efficacy and any potential adverse effects of CCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The special rights and responsibilities of the great powers have traditionally been treated as a key component – even a primary institution – of international society in the English School literature. Recent interpretivist work has focused on the meanings of special responsibilities in contemporary international society with far less scholarly attention being given to the corollary of this – special rights. This article uses an interpretivist approach to attempt to uncover what recent debates over China's right or otherwise to a sphere of influence in East Asia tells us about understandings of great power rights in contemporary international society. The argument advanced is that if Beijing's right to a sphere of influence is successfully rejected by the rest of international society without repudiating its status as a great power more broadly, China will indeed be a great power without historical precedent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to present a systematic review of the literature concerning major aspects of innovation performance and compare the research hotspots of innovation performance in the twenty-first century with three primary purposes: first, to view the trend of Chinese and English literature on innovation performance research; second, to summarize the research streams in innovation performance; and third, to predict possible directions for future innovation performance research. Design/methodology/approach: The authors first introduce a framework of innovation performance research developments. Then they construct a representative data set of bibliographic records, obtaining 1,768 articles in the SSCI citation index database and 1,431 articles in the CSSCI database. The authors then make a comparative analysis from two aspects: research themes and development of academic communities. The research objects are keywords and references so that co-word and co-cited reference networks are established. Finally, the authors combine the direction of research streams about "innovation performance" to summarize 28 questions in three research fields that can be studied in the future. Findings: The momentum of the literature in English on innovation performance is increasing, whereas the Chinese literature has declined in recent years. The direction of research streams in Chinese and English literature is the same: they are the "innovation system/elements" research stream, the "innovation activity/ability" research stream and the "innovation network/social capital" research stream. Although the directions are the same, the specific contents of the research are different. The direction of future development of innovation performance research can be undertaken in three aspects: follow research into expanding hot topics, mine the research of typical academic circles and develop research into exploring more fields. Combined with the direction of research streams, 28 questions in three research fields are summarized. Originality/value: Based on the background of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" in China, the research on enterprise "innovation performance" is becoming more and more important. The findings help us summarize the research streams related to innovation performance research, better understand the themes that point to directions for future development of innovation performance research and summarize 28 questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the state and the university is predominantly shaped at a national level which tends to reflect the specific traditions and circumstances of individual countries. In China the Communist Party has played a crucial role in university governance making it different from any other country. However the role of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in universities, particularly in private universities, has rarely been discussed in English literature. This paper examines how the University Communist Committee of the Party (UCCP) is set up and works within private universities, and the various patterns of institutional governance that can emerge. It draws extensively on documents of the CCP and interviews with 32 senior managers on 44 separate occasions. The study shows that while allowing private entrepreneurs considerable freedom to invest in higher education, the CCP still has control over the private universities in their socialist development. This is partly achieved through the requirement that every private university must have a UCCP to oversee the implementation of CCP policies in the university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a kind of renal replacement therapy (RRT), which can be employed to treat pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) as it is safe, simple, and cost-effective. The studies of PD treatment in pediatric AKI in China have rarely been reported in English literature. Objective: To investigate the efficacy and the outcome of PD in pediatric patients with AKI. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of children who received PD as RRT for AKI in a teaching hospital in northwest China from 2003 to 2013. Demographic characteristics and laboratory data were collected, and the prognostic factors of renal recovery were identified. Results: There were 24 children (62.5% male) identified, with the mean age of 22.4 ± 18.7 months (3 months to 5 years old). The most common causes of AKI were drug induced (25.0%), glomerulonephritis (20.9%), and obstructive nephropathy (16.7%). The mean duration of PD was 11.3 ± 7.8 days (2–39 days). PD treatment was highly effective in attenuation of toxics, improvement of fluid overload, and correction of electrolyte disturbances (p < 0.001). One catheter outflow obstruction was noted, and no major complication was identified. In total, 18 children (75.0%) recovered and had the catheter successfully removed, 2 (8.3%) needed further PD treatment, and 4 (16.7%) died. The albumin level was significantly higher in patients who recovered with PD treatment (33.7 ± 6.2 vs. 21.5 ± 4.8 g/L, p = 0.002). Conclusions: PD can be performed safely and efficiently for the treatment of pediatric AKI. Low albumin level may be associated with poor prognosis of pediatric AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An edited conversation with Alexandra Ault, a Lead curator of manuscripts at the British Library, who recently curated a series of exhibitions about English literature in cities across China, and Andrew Dickson, a freelance culture writer and journalist. The Chapter looks at the ways that English literature has been received historically in China, and sets these in the contemporary context of an increasing awareness of the broader interest in, and support for, these forms of cultural exchange by Government and other national agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ching Feng: A Journal on Christianity & Chinese Religion & Culture is the property of Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion & Culture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Qzone weblog is one of the most popular weblogs in China. This study explores Qzone weblog for critical peer feedback to facilitate Business English writing among the Chinese undergraduates. A qualitative case study is conducted by NVivo 8 to analyze the three research data of semistructured interviews, Business English writing assignments, and critical peer feedback artifacts. Three research questions are focused on the case participants’ perception of this study, the strength and weakness of Qzone for critical peer feedback, and online features of Qzone affecting critical peer feedback in Business English writing. The findings indicate that Qzone weblog is a convenient information communication technology platform for online critical peer feedback among the Chinese undergraduates. The six aspects of strength and five online features are coded by NVivo 8, which are models by NVivo 8 with figures. The weakness of Qzone is the character number limitation for blogging and feedback. The conclusion of this study will be applied for the use of Qzone weblog and other kinds of weblog for online peer feedback in English writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the opinions of English writer Daniel Defoe regarding China's social order, religion, and government. The author explores why Defoe had such strong Eurocentric notions regarding Asian trade as benefiting China, India and the East India Company, but which ultimately resulted in harm to England, and more broadly to Europe. Defoe satirized tea, porcelain, lightweight fabrics, and their Chinese producers and was cynical of the East India Company's motives, viewing them as being motivated solely for profit as opposed to British economic prosperity.

China's exhibition industry has experienced rapid growth for the past two decades, and it is now entering a period of consolidation and restructuring. This article provides a critical assessment of Asia's largest exhibition market. It considers its current problems and potential prospects by analyzing and synthesizing extant literature in both Chinese and English from a wide variety of sources, including print and online media, personal accounts, and interviews. Furthermore, the effect of the pending market consolidation on exhibition operation, venue management, and destination development is examined. China is still regarded as a key emerging market internationally. Thus, experiences and lessons learned from its exhibition development can serve as a useful reference to other emerging markets and should be of interest to both academics and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the language of anger used by the bilinguals in Hong Kong, and examines how the functions of L1 and L2 and users' language proficiency may affect emotional expression. Thirty-three university students in Hong Kong participated in the research. Each was asked to write two stories about 'an experience in which you were made angry' and 'an experience in which you made someone angry', one in Chinese and the other in English. A total of 66 narrative texts were collected. The subjects also provided written comments on their feelings and language preferences in writing life stories. The narrative length, lexical and syntactic richness, and the use of metaphorical expressions in the Chinese and English texts were compared and triangulated with the subjects' perceptions of bilinguality and emotionality. Both the linguistic data and the written comments suggest that to a very large extent language competence affects how emotionally expressive bilinguals can be. The ability to communicate and share one's emotions is an integral part of one's personal life but the language of emotions seems to be an under-developed area in second language education programmes. Measures are suggested to address this problem and help bilinguals to develop their competence in emotional expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transnational higher education is a rapidly growing phenomenon that is under-researched and often even misunderstood. As the world's most promising market, China has the potential to dwarf all traditional offshore markets. Little research has been done to seriously analyse the fast growth in China. A sound understanding of the Chinese situation facilitates improvement of future provision of higher education by Australian universities, presently the most dominant force in China. This article incorporates Chinese and English literature, reviews the latest Chinese government documents, and delineates a comprehensive picture of transnational education provision in China. It locates the development in a wider social and policy context in China, examines the basic features of Chinese-foreign partnerships, and reveals some major issues of concern. It argues that China needs to form effective regulatory frameworks to govern this new development in higher education, especially in terms of quality assurance to ensure cultural appropriateness of the joint programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercial sex plays a critical role in the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China. This study reviews behavioral studies in English literature on female sex workers (FSWs) in China from 1990 to 2006. Existing studies indicate that FSWs in China are young, mobile, most of them have both commercial and non-commercial sex partners; they have low rates of consistent condom use and high rates of STD infection. Some FSWs are also engaged in drug abuse. There is a great variation of sexual practices and HIV risks among FSWs across different work settings. Limited numbers of intervention studies have reported positive effects on increasing condom use and/or decreasing STD infections. Literature gaps and lessons learned from existing studies are identified and future research needs are discussed. Future behavioral intervention programs need to be multi-faceted and incorporate environmental and structural factors for different groups of FSWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is experiencing an increasingly high level of recreation and tourism use of its environments but only limited studies of the environmental impacts of tourism have been published. This paper is based upon a collection of research papers on the environmental impacts of tourism in English and Chinese, especially research on carrying capacity and the physical impacts of tourism. The paper compares the characteristics of research in English and Chinese literatures. It shows that China lags behind the western world in this research field. Chinese researchers need to: (1) be more critical of the feasibility of carrying capacity applications; (2) introduce new technologies in their research on vegetation and soil; (3) know more about the buffering effects of different kinds of tourist trails such as boardwalks, concrete trails, cross-tie trails, cobble trails and so on; (4) try to shed light on possible positive impacts of tourism; and (5) pay more attention to the protection of environmentally sensitive areas. The paper also discusses the dilemmas of research on carrying capacity and environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article details the history of the first English Factory library established in Macao, China. It was first established in 1806 through a combination of donations and subscriptions of both British and American traders and supported through efforts of the East India Company until 1834. An extension library was also established at the English factory of Canton, China soon afterwards. In 1819, surgeon Dr. Alexander Pearson created "A Catalogue of the Library Belonging to the English Factory at Canton in China" for the collection while serving as a voluntary custodian of the library.

Water Margin (known in Chinese as Shuihu Zhuan), one of the four Great Classical Novels in Chinese literature is regarded as the pinnacle of China's achievement in classical novels as well as one of the masterpieces in world literature. Water Margin is of high artistic value, and has been translated into many languages. With its influence and reputation gradually increasing outside China, scholars both at home and abroad are paying more attention to its overseas spread and acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]