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To solve the difficult problems of tailings dam instability and environmental pollution, multisource information perception, prediction and early warning technology for tailings dams are investigated. Taking a tailings pond in China as an example, a three-dimensional visualization intelligent management platform based on the spatiotemporal fusion of multisource big data is established to realize intelligent real-time monitoring, prediction and early warning of tailings dams. A monitoring system for air-space-ground integration was developed via high-resolution optical image recording, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), radar, video surveillance and displacement sensors. This approach can realize pollution monitoring and efficient identification of high-risk areas. In addition, a machine learning algorithm is used to mine spatiotemporal data in detail. The Alibaba cloud platform was adopted to develop a data integration framework. Multisensor spatiotemporal data from tailings dams and multisource monitoring data from the environment were integrated. The integrated management of tailings dam environmental monitoring, pollution and stability assessment is realized. A stability prediction model for tailings dams based on multisource data is proposed. The temporal and spatial information of various forms of data is analysed from multiple levels and perspectives. Rapid prediction of the disaster situation and stability of tailings ponds is realized. Moreover, a tailings pollution assessment model based on a neural network is integrated with multisource information to establish a multifactor environmental pollution neural network assessment model and a multilevel warning platform. This work can provide technical support for intelligent monitoring and early warning systems for tailings ponds., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Study Objective: The use of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 has been linked to renal injury in critically ill patients, but its impact on surgical patients remains uncertain., Design: A retrospective cohort study., Setting: This study was conducted at one tertiary care hospital in China., Patients: We evaluated the records of 51,926 Chinese adults who underwent noncardiac surgery from 2013 to 2022. Patients given a combination of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and crystalloids were propensity-matched at a 1: 1 ratio of baseline characteristics to patients given only crystalloids (11,725 pairs)., Interventions: Eligible patients were divided into those given a combination of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and crystalloid during surgery and a reference crystalloid group consisting of patients who were not given any colloid., Measurements: The primary outcome was the incidence of acute kidney injury. Secondarily, acute kidney injury stage, need for renal replacement therapy, intensive care unit transfer rate, and duration of postoperative hospitalization were considered., Main Results: After matching, hydroxyethyl starch use [8.5 (IQR: 7.5-10.0) mL/kg] did not increase the incidence of acute kidney injury compared with that in the crystalloid group [2.0 vs. 2.2%, OR: 0.90 (0.74-1.08), P = 0.25]. Nor did hydroxyethyl starch use worsen acute kidney injury stage [OR 0.90 (0.75-1.08), P = 0.26]. No significant differences between the fluid groups were observed in renal replacement therapy [OR 0.60 (0.41-0.90), P = 0.02)] or intensive care unit transfers [OR 1.02 (0.95-1.09), P = 0.53] after Bonferroni correction. Even in a subset of patients at high risk of renal injury, hydroxyethyl starch use was not associated with worse outcomes., Conclusions: Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 use was not significantly associated with a greater incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury compared to receiving crystalloid solutions only., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study aimed to assess the association between outdoor activity and myopia among children and adolescents and investigate whether sleep time could mediate this relationship., Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on students aged 4-16 years in China, from August 2021 to January 2022. Outdoor activity was assessed by the Assessment Questionnaire of Exposure to Sunlight Activities for Students (AQESAS). Binary logistic regression combined with the mediation analysis was used to analyze the association of AQESAS with myopia and the mediating effect of sleep time on this relationship., Results: The prevalence of myopia was 53.51% (N = 1609). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that more sleep time (OR = 0.794, 95%CI: 0.707-0.893) and a higher score of AQESAS (OR = 0.989, 95%CI: 0.981-0.996) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of myopia. Mediation analysis revealed that sleep time plays a mediating role in the association between outdoor activity and myopia (ACME = -0.0006, P < 0.001), and the mediation proportion was 19.7%., Conclusion: Outdoor activity affects myopia directly and indirectly through sleep time. The result suggested that children may be able to reduce the risk of myopia by promoting sleep through increased awareness of outdoor activity and exposure to sunlight., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Air pollution affects residents' health to varying extents according to differences in socioeconomic status. However, there has been a lack of research on whether air pollution contributes to unfair health costs., Methods: In this research, data from the China Labour Force Dynamics Survey are matched with data on PM2.5 average concentration and precipitation, and the influence of air pollution on the health expenditures of residents is analysed with econometric methods involving a two-part model, instrument variables and moderating effects., Results: The findings reveal that air pollution significantly impacts Chinese residents' health costs and leads to low-income people face health inequality. Specifcally, the empirical evidence shows that air pollution has no significant influence on the probability of residents' health costs (β = 0.021, p = 0.770) but that it increases the amount of residents' total outpatient costs (β = 0.379, p < 0.006), reimbursed outpatient cost (β = 0.453, p < 0.044) and out-of-pocket outpatient cost (β = 0.362, p < 0.048). The heterogeneity analysis of income indicates that low-income people face inequality due to health cost inflation caused by air pollution, their total and out-of-pocket outpatient cost significantly increase with PM2.5 (β = 0.417, p = 0.013; β = 0.491, p = 0.020). Further analysis reveals that social basic medical insurance does not have a remarkable positive moderating effect on the influence of air pollution on individual health inflation (β = 0.021, p = 0.292), but supplementary medical insurance for employees could reduce the effect of air pollution on low-income residents' reimbursed and out-of-pocket outpatient cost (β=-1.331, p = 0.096; β=-2.211, p = 0.014)., Conclusion: The study concludes that air pollution increases the amount of Chinese residents' outpatient cost and has no significant effect on the incidence of outpatient cost. However, air pollution has more significant impact on the low-income residents than the high-income residents, which indicates that air pollution leads to the inequity of medical cost. Additionally, the supplementary medical insurance reduces the inequity of medical cost caused by air pollution for the low-income employees., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The comparative effectiveness of volatile anaesthesia and total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in terms of patient outcomes after cardiac surgery remains a topic of debate., Methods: Multicentre randomised trial in 16 tertiary hospitals in China. Adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive volatile anaesthesia (sevoflurane or desflurane) or propofol-based TIVA. The primary outcome was a composite of predefined major complications during hospitalisation and mortality 30 days after surgery., Results: Of the 3123 randomised patients, 3083 (98.7%; mean age 55 yr; 1419 [46.0%] women) were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The composite primary outcome was met by a similar number of patients in both groups (volatile group: 517 of 1531 (33.8%) patients vs TIVA group: 515 of 1552 (33.2%) patients; relative risk 1.02 [0.92-1.12]; P=0.76; adjusted odds ratio 1.05 [0.90-1.22]; P=0.57). Secondary outcomes including 6-month and 1-yr mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU and hospital stay, and healthcare costs, were also similar for the two groups., Conclusions: Among adults undergoing cardiac surgery, we found no difference in the clinical effectiveness of volatile anaesthesia and propofol-based TIVA., Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IOR-17013578)., (Copyright © 2024 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Study Objective: To assess the impact of preoperative infection with the contemporary strain of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative mortality, respiratory morbidity and extrapulmonary complications after elective, noncardiac surgery., Design: An ambidirectional observational cohort study., Setting: A tertiary and teaching hospital in Shanghai, China., Patients: All adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) who underwent elective, noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia at Huashan Hospital of Fudan University from January until March 2023 were screened for eligibility. A total of 2907 patients were included., Exposure: Preoperative coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity., Measurements: The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative mortality. The secondary outcomes included postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS), acute kidney injury (AKI), postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative sleep quality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the risk of postoperative mortality and morbidity imposed by preoperative COVID-19., Main Results: The risk of 30-day postoperative mortality was not associated with preoperative COVID-19 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40, 0.13-1.28, P = 0.123] or operation timing relative to diagnosis. Preoperative COVID-19 did not increase the risk of PPCs (aOR, 95% CI: 0.99, 0.71-1.38, P = 0.944), MINS (aOR, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.22-1.30; P = 0.168), or AKI (aOR, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.10-1.09; P = 0.070) or affect postoperative sleep quality. Patients who underwent surgery within 7 weeks after COVID-19 had increased odds of developing delirium (aOR, 95% CI: 2.26, 1.05-4.86, P = 0.036)., Conclusions: Preoperative COVID-19 or timing of surgery relative to diagnosis did not confer any added risk of 30-day postoperative mortality, PPCs, MINS or AKI. However, recent COVID-19 increased the risk of POD. Perioperative brain health should be considered during preoperative risk assessment for COVID-19 survivors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Internet addiction and depressive symptoms are common mental health problems in adolescents. Due to the comorbidity of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, their mutual relationship influences their developmental trajectories over time. Thus, this study aimed to identify the joint trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, and examined the individual, family, and school antecedents of these trajectories among Chinese adolescents., Methods: Using a battery of self-report scales, three waves of data collection were conducted in a Chinese adolescent sample ( N  = 1,301). The co-developmental trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms were extracted by adopting parallel-process latent class growth modeling (PPLCGM). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess predictive factors., Results: Four unique joint trajectory classes were detected: the Health Group ( n  = 912, 70.1%), Comorbidity-Worsening Group ( n  = 85, 6.5%), Asymptomatic-Comorbid Risk Group ( n  = 148, 11.4%), and Prominent Depressive Symptoms-Remission Group ( n  = 156, 12.0%). Individual, family, and school factors (e.g., gender, positive youth development, family function, academic performance) significantly predicted the membership in these distinct co-developmental trajectories., Conclusion: Our findings illustrate that the joint development of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms among adolescents presents a heterogeneous distribution, which could better inform prevention and intervention strategies since each co-developmental trajectory may represent unique experience for adolescents who need targeted treatment. Various individual, family, and school factors are important predictors that play different roles in distinguishing the joint trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms during this critical developmental transition period., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Wang, Zhang and Chi.)

Background: Studies have shown that the disease burden of anaemia varies globally, yet they have not yet determined its exact extent in East Asian countries specifically. We thus aimed to investigate the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to anaemia from 1990 to 2021 in China, Japan, and South Korea., Methods: We extracted the prevalence and YLDs with their age-standardised rates (ASRs) in China, Japan, and South Korea from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, stratified by sex, age, and causes. We then examined the temporal trend of anaemia burden from 1990 to 2021 using joinpoint analysis and the association of anaemia burden with the Human Development Index and Universal Health Index through Spearman's correlation analysis., Results: In 2021, anaemia affected 136 million people in China (95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 131, 141), with ASRs of prevalence of 8.9% (95% UI = 8.6, 9.3), and accounted for 3.0 million YLDs (95% UI = 2.0, 4.4). It affected 13.6 million people in Japan (95% UI = 11.8, 16.0), with ASRs of prevalence of 7.4% (95% UI = 6.1, 9.0), and caused 181 thousand YLDs (95% UI = 108, 282). It also affected 2.7 million individuals in South Korea (95% UI = 2.4, 3.0), with ASRs of prevalence of 5.2% (95% UI = 4.6, 5.7), and led to 34 thousand YLDs (95% UI = 22, 55). We observed a significant gender discrepancy in the anaemia burden in these three countries, with the prevalence and YLD rates in women being almost twice as high as those in men. Moreover, the peak age of the anaemia burden shifted toward higher age groups in all three countries, particularly in Japan. Chronic kidney disease was responsible for a growing share of anaemia cases and YLDs, especially in adults aged more than 60 years in Japan and South Korea. Haemoglobinopathies were another noticeable cause of anaemia in China, though dietary iron deficiency remained the leading cause. Both socioeconomic development and essential health service coverage showed negative associations with the anaemia burden in the three countries in the past three decades, though with differential patterns., Conclusions: Anaemia remains a major public health issue in China, Japan, and South Korea; targeted surveillance and interventions are recommended for high-risk populations and cause-specific anaemia., Competing Interests: Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests., (Copyright © 2024 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated LG-2 T , was isolated from sludge collected at a pesticide-manufacturing factory in Jiangsu Province, PR China. Cells of strain LG-2 T were strictly aerobic, non-motile and spherical. Growth was observed at 15-42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). LG-2 T showed 95.5-96.9 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity to type strains in the genera Pusillimonas , Bordetella , Parapusillimonas , Candidimonas and Paracandidimonas of the family Alcaligenaceae . The phylogenomic tree indicated that strain LG-2 T was clustered in the family Alcaligenaceae and formed a clade with Paracandidimonas soli IMT-305 T , while the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain LG-2 T formed a distinct clade within the family Alcaligenaceae . The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values between LG-2 T and its closely related type strains in the genera Pusillimonas , Bordetella , Parapusillimonas , Candidimonas and Paracandidimonas were 70.8-75.3, 18.9-23.7 and 59.6 %-69.3 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were C 16 : 0 , C 17 : 0 cyclo, summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1  ω7 c and/or C 16 : 1  ω6 c ), summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1  ω7 c and/or C 18 : 1  ω6 c ) and summed feature 2 (C 12 : 0 aldehyde and/or unknown 10.928). The predominant menaquinone was Q-8. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two aminophospholipids, three aminolipids and nine unknown polar lipids. The genome size of strain LG-2 T was 3.2 Mb and the DNA G+C content was 63.4 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic results from this study, strain LG-2 T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Alcaligenaceae , for which the name Yanghanlia caeni gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with strain LG-2 T (=KCTC 8084 T = CCTCC AB 2023123 T ) as the type strain.

Background: The present study examined the associations among ethnic identity, perceived discrimination and multiple indicators of positive youth development (PYD; i.e., intrapersonal-oriented competence, interpersonal-oriented competence, confidence, caring, character, family connection, peer connection, school and community connection, positive attitudes towards diversity and cultural pride) that were specifically identified among second-generation Chinese-American youth., Methods: Participants were 196 second-generation Chinese-American youth (N girl  = 93; M age  = 14.56, SD age  = 1.75) primarily from the greater Boston area in MA, United States. Multivariate regression models were estimated to examine the associations between ethnic identity, perceived discrimination, and each potential indicator of PYD, as well as the moderating role of ethnic identity, controlling for key demographics., Results: (1) Ethnic identity was positively related to all PYD indicators, βs = .32 to .72, ps < .01; (2) perceived discrimination was negatively associated with all indicators of PYD (βs = -.15 to -.32, ps < .05), except for interpersonal-oriented competence and caring; and (3) ethnic identity significantly moderated the relationship between perceived discrimination and family connection (β = .23, p < .01)., Conclusions: Findings indicate that whereas discrimination has potential negative effects on the positive development of second-generation Chinese-American youth, ethnic identity may be a key strength that should be considered in PYD promotion practices for these youth., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae), is a cosmopolitan pest that infests many greenhouse crops. Biological control is an important way to control P. latus, with predatory mites being the most widely used natural enemies of this pest. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capabilities of three native phytoseiids in China (Neoseiulus californicus, Neoseiulus barkeri and Amblyseius orientalis) in controlling P. latus, using Amblyseius swirskii as a control, a commercial biocontrol agent of this pest widely used in Europe. Consumption, development, and reproduction of the four species when fed with P. latus were assessed, and their life table parameters were estimated and compared. Among the three native species, A. orientalis has the highest consumption rate of P. latus (29.0 per day), the shortest developmental duration (5.3 days), and the highest cumulative fecundity (13.5 eggs/female). Overall, its intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) is 0.12, comparable to that of A. swirskii. Among the three candidates, A. orientalis is the only one whose population increase might be expected when fed with P. latus. Therefore, we propose A. orientalis to be a potential biocontrol agent for this pest in China., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Ceramic products are among the most frequently used food contact materials. Health risks associated with ceramic tableware usually arise from the migration of heavy metals. In this study, 767 pieces of ceramic tableware of different shapes and types were collected across China, and the migration levels of 18 elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Migration tests were conducted according to the Chinese National Food Safety Standard - Ceramic Ware (GB 4806.4) with microwaveable and non-microwavable samples under different conditions. The food consumption of consumers via different shapes of ceramic tableware was obtained through a self-reported web-based survey, and the estimated dietary intakes of the studied elements were calculated accordingly. The exposure assessment showed that certain metals leached from the ceramic tableware at levels of concern. In addition, the applicability of the migration experiment conditions for microwaveable ceramic ware in GB 4806.4 needs to be further investigated.

In agricultural production, biodegradable plastic mulching film (Bio-PMF) has the potential to replace conventional plastic mulching film (CPMF) due to its degradability, but their impacts on soil-crop ecology are controversial. In this study, from 2019 to 2021, effects of CPMF and Bio-PMF on the soil-crop ecology and soil pollution were evaluated on a peanut farm. Compared to the Bio-PMF, an overall improvement in the soil-peanut ecology under the CPMF was observed, including an increase of 10.77 ± 4.8% in peanut yield, an amelioration of four soil physicochemical properties (total P and available P in the flowering stage, total P and temperature in the mature stage), an increase of rhizobacterial relative abundances in class level (Bacteroidia, Blastocatellia, Thermoleophilia and Vicinamibacteria in the flowering stage, Nitrospira and Bacilli in the mature stage) and genus level (RB41 and Bacillus in the flowering stage, Bacillus and Dongia in the mature stage), and an enhancement of soil nitrogen metabolism abilities (ureolysis, nitrification and aerobic ammonia in the flowering stage, nitrate reduction and nitrite ammonification in the mature stage). These preserved soil nutrients and temperature, reshaped rhizobacterial communities, and enhanced soil nitrogen metabolism abilities in the mature stage were obviously correlated with peanut yield under CPMF. However, such remarkable relations were not existed under Bio-PMF. In addition, compared with Bio-PMF, CPMF significantly increased the contents of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and microplastics (MPs) in soil by 79.93, 44.55, 138.72 and 14.1%, respectively. Thus, CPMF improved soil-peanut ecology and caused serious soil pollution, while Bio-PMF introduced little pollutants into the soil and had little impact on soil-peanut ecology. Based on these, the degradation ability of CPMF or the ecological improvement capacity of Bio-PMF should be improved to obtain the environmentally and soil-crop ecology friendly plastic film in the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubescens) is well known for its high capacity to sequester atmospheric carbon, which has a unique role to play in combating global warming. Many Moso bamboo forests are gradually degrading due to rising labor costs and falling prices for bamboo timber. However, the mechanisms of carbon sequestration of Moso bamboo forest ecosystems in response to degradation are unclear. In this study, a space-for-time substitution approach was used to select Moso bamboo forest plots with the same origin and similar stand types, but different years of degradation, and four degradation sequences, continuous management (CK), 2 years of degradation (D-I), 6 years of degradation (D-II) and 10 years of degradation (D-III). A total of 16 survey sample plots were established based on the local management history files. After a 12-month monitoring, the response characteristics of soil greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, vegetation, and soil organic carbon sequestration in different degradation sequences were evaluated to reveal the differences in the ecosystem carbon sequestration. The results indicated that under D-I, D-II, and D-III, the global warming potential (GWP) of soil GHG emissions decreased by 10.84 %, 17.75 %, and 31.02 %, while soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration increased by 2.82 %, 18.11 %, and 4.68 %, and vegetation carbon sequestration decreased by 17.30 %, 33.49 %, and 44.76 %, respectively. In conclusion, compared to CK, the ecosystem carbon sequestration was reduced by 13.79 %, 22.42 %, and 30.31 %, respectively. This suggests that degradation reduces soil GHG emissions but weakens the ecosystem carbon sequestration capability. Therefore, in the background of global warming and the strategic goal of carbon neutrality, restorative management of degraded Moso bamboo forests is critically needed to improve the carbon sequestration potential of the ecosystem., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Copy number variation (CNV) is a type of genomic structural variation, and the research on it has flourished in recent years. According to the high-throughput sequencing data, we found that the copy number variation region of the GAL3ST1 gene was correlated with the growth traits of bovine. It is significant that we study the CNV of GAL3ST1 gene and process the association analysis between results of Q-PCR and growth traits of Chinese cattle. In this research, SPSS software was used to detect the distribution of GAL3ST1 gene copy number in four cattle breeds and the correlation of growth traits was analyzed. Correlation analysis showed that GAL3ST1 CNV had positive effects on some growth traits of bovine ( p  < 0.05). In addition, the study detects the expression of GAL3ST1 gene in different tissues of Xia'nan cattles on mRNA level. The result showed that GAL3ST1 gene has different expression conditions in different tissues, results showed that the expression level was high in intestine and low in liver tissue. In a word, we speculated that the GAL3ST1 gene can be used as a molecular marker and this study confirmed that the CNV of it can provide theoretical basis for molecular breeding of cattle in China.

Heavy metals (HMs) in drinking water have drawn worldwide attention due to their risks to public health; however, a systematic assessment of the occurrence of HMs in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) at a large geographical scale across China and the removal efficiency, human health risks, and the correlation with environmental factors have yet to be established. Therefore, this study characterised the occurrence patterns of nine conventional dissolved HMs in the influent and effluent water samples from 146 typical DWTPs in seven major river basins across China (which consist of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Songhua River, the Pearl River, the Huaihe River, the Liaohe River and the Haihe River) for the first time and removal efficiency, probabilistic health risks, and the correlation with water quality. According to the findings, a total of eight HMs (beryllium (Be), antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co) and titanium (Ti)) were detected, with detection frequencies in influent and effluent water ranging from 2.90 (Mo) to 99.30% (Ba) and 1.40 (Ti) to 97.90% (Ba), respectively. The average concentration range was 0.41 (Be)- 77.36 (Sb) μg/L. Among them, Sb (exceeding standard rate 8%), Ba (2.89%), Ni (21.43%), and V (1.33%) were exceeded the national standard (GB5749-2022). By combining Spearman's results and redundancy analysis, our results revealed a close correlation among pH, turbidity (TURB), potassium permanganate index (COD Mn ), and total nitrogen (TN) along with the concentration and composition of HMs. In addition, the concentration of HMs in finished water was strongly affected by the concentration of HMs in raw water, as evidenced by the fact that HMs in surface water poses a risk to the quality of finished water. Metal concentration was the primary factor in assessing the health risk of a single metal, and the carcinogenic risk of Ba, Mo, Ni, and Sb should be paid attention to. In DWTPs, the removal efficiencies of various HMs also vary greatly, with an average removal rate ranging from 16.30% to 95.64%. In summary, our findings provide insights into the water quality and health risks caused by HMs in drinking water., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The role of endovascular therapy for acute stroke with a large infarction has not been extensively studied in differing populations., Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, open-label, randomized trial in China involving patients with acute large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score of 3 to 5 (range, 0 to 10, with lower values indicating larger infarction) or an infarct-core volume of 70 to 100 ml. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio within 24 hours from the time they were last known to be well to undergo endovascular therapy and receive medical management or to receive medical management alone. The primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days (scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater disability), and the primary objective was to determine whether a shift in the distribution of the scores on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days had occurred between the two groups. Secondary outcomes included scores of 0 to 2 and 0 to 3 on the modified Rankin scale. The primary safety outcome was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 48 hours after randomization., Results: A total of 456 patients were enrolled; 231 were assigned to the endovascular-therapy group and 225 to the medical-management group. Approximately 28% of the patients in both groups received intravenous thrombolysis. The trial was stopped early owing to the efficacy of endovascular therapy after the second interim analysis. At 90 days, a shift in the distribution of scores on the modified Rankin scale toward better outcomes was observed in favor of endovascular therapy over medical management alone (generalized odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.69; P = 0.004). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 14 of 230 patients (6.1%) in the endovascular-therapy group and in 6 of 225 patients (2.7%) in the medical-management group; any intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 113 (49.1%) and 39 (17.3%), respectively. Results for the secondary outcomes generally supported those of the primary analysis., Conclusions: In a trial conducted in China, patients with large cerebral infarctions had better outcomes with endovascular therapy administered within 24 hours than with medical management alone but had more intracranial hemorrhages. (Funded by Covidien Healthcare International Trading [Shanghai] and others; ANGEL-ASPECT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04551664.)., (Copyright © 2023 Massachusetts Medical Society.)

The existence of interprovincial embodied carbon transfer not only makes it difficult to achieve carbon emission reductions but also exacerbates the inequity, inefficiency, and high costs of interprovincial carbon emission reduction rights and responsibilities. This paper uses multi-regional input-output analysis (MRIOA) to measure the interprovincial embodied carbon transfer in 2017, obtains the net carbon transfer between 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) and eight regions in 2017, and accounts for the interprovincial carbon compensation amount based on the carbon price in the national carbon market. This study finds that carbon transfer from economically developed provinces to less developed provinces still exists in China, and the overall distribution shows a spatial transfer pattern from south to north and from east to west, with the northwestern region bearing most of the carbon emission pressure for which it should receive corresponding financial compensation. As part of the process to achieve the "dual carbon" target, appropriate emission reduction policies should be formulated according to the characteristics of provincial carbon transfer and the principle of "who benefits, who compensates", and economically developed regions should give corresponding financial or technical compensation to less developed regions based on net carbon transfer. Compensation and support should be given to less developed regions based on net carbon transfer to prevent further regional development imbalances., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Copy number variation (CNV), as one of the important variations in the biological genome, refers to the deletion and duplication of genomic segments between 1 kb and 50 kb caused by genomic rearrangements. Currently, many copy number variations have been found to be significantly associated with important economic traits such as growth, development and reproduction of cattle. However, the study of MUC19 gene has not been reported. In this study, we detected an appropriate correlation between MUC19 gene and growth traits of Chinese cattle. We detected the distribution of MUC19-CNV across Qinchuan cattle (QC), Pinan cattle (PN), Xianan cattle (XN), Yunling cattle (YL), Guyuan cattle (GY), Jiaxian cattle (JX), and analyzed the association between types of MUC19-CNV and growth traits through SPSS20.0 software and method of ANOVA. The results showed that various types of CNV were present in each breed of cattle, but there were discrepancies in the distribution of copy number variant types. The Association analysis result showed that CNV of MUC19 gene showed a postive effect in cattle growth traits: the copy number of MUC19 was significantly correlated with hip width of PN cattle (P < 0.01), height at hip cross and withers height of PN cattle (P < 0.05), hip width and body length of JX cattle (P < 0.05), Huckle bone width of YL cattle (P < 0.05)., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Potato production plays an important role in safeguarding food security in China since the central government implemented the 'Potato-as-Staple-Food' policy in 2015. However, a key challenge facing China's potato production is to realize a tradeoff between economic return and environmental impact. Effective strategies for reducing carbon emission without compromising potato yield remain to be developed. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment by integrating climate, soil, crop, and agricultural input data, crop model and life cycle impact assessment model to quantify potato yields, GHG emission amounts and intensities (GHGI), and economic benefits under the conventional planting pattern (CPP), the lowest GHG emission pattern (LEP), and the highest yield pattern (HYP) across China's potato planting regions including four sub-regions, i.e., North Single planting region (NS), Central Double planting region (CD), South Winter planting region (SW), and Southwest Mixed planting region (SWM). Averaged fresh potato yield, GHG emission amount, and GHGI under the CPP were 21.7 t ha -1 , 2815.1 kg CO 2 eq ha -1 , and 137.3 kg CO 2 eq t -1 , respectively, in China's potato planting region. Compared with the CPP, averaged GHG emission amount and GHGI under the LEP could be decreased by 48.2 % and 51.5 % respectively while the fresh potato yield and economic benefit could be enhanced by 8.1 % and 18.5 %, respectively. For the HYP, averaged GHG emission amount and GHGI could be decreased by 24.2 % and 39.8 % respectively while the fresh potato yield and economic benefit could be enhanced by 18.7 % and 39.6 %, respectively, compared with the CPP. Across the four potato planting regions, SW had the largest potential in reducing GHG emissions owing to a high reduction amount of nitrogen application rate. Our study demonstrates that optimizing agronomic management could reduce environmental impact without compromising economic benefit and provides a scientific method for assessing crop potential to realize the climate-smart planting., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aimed to analyze a comprehensive set of potential risk factors for obesity and overweight among Chinese children with a full range of ages and with wide geographical coverage., Methods: In the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Obesity and Diabetes in Youth (PRODY) study (2017-2019), the authors analyzed 193,997 children aged 3 to 18 years from 11 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities that are geographically representative of China. All participants underwent physical examinations, and their caregivers completed questionnaires including dietary, lifestyle, familial, and perinatal information of participants. A multilevel multinomial logistic regression model was used to evaluate the potential risk factors., Results: Among the actionable risk factors that were measured, higher consumption frequencies of animal offal (odds ratios [OR] for an additional time/day = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88-0.95, same unit for OR below unless specified otherwise), dairy products (0.91, 95% CI: 0.88-0.94), freshwater products (0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.96), staple foods (0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.96), and coarse food grain (OR for every day vs. rarely = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98) were associated with lower relative risk of obesity. However, higher restaurant-eating frequency (OR for >4 times/month vs. rarely = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15-1.29) and longer screen-viewing duration (OR for >2 hours vs. <30 minutes = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10-1.22) were associated with higher relative risk of obesity. Increased exercise frequency was associated with the lowest relative risk of obesity (OR for every day vs. rarely = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68-0.77)., Conclusions: Changes in lifestyle and diet of Chinese children may help relieve their obesity burden., (© 2022 The Authors. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Obesity Society (TOS).)

This study conducts an exploratory analysis of the impacts of a center-based early childhood development intervention on the mental health of caregivers, using data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial of 1664 caregivers (M age  = 36.87 years old) of 6- to 24-month-old children in 100 villages in rural China. Caregivers and children in 50 villages received individual parenting training, group activities and open play space in village parenting centers. The results show no significant overall change in caregiver-reported mental health symptoms after 1 year of intervention. Subgroup analyses reveal heterogeneous effects by caregiver socioeconomic status and identity (mother vs. grandmother). Findings suggest that early childhood development interventions without targeted mental health components may not provide sufficient support to improve caregiver mental health., (© 2022 The Authors. Child Development © 2022 Society for Research in Child Development.)

Background: Generally, copy number variation (CNV) is a large-scale structural variation between 50 bp and 1 kb of the genome. It can affect gene expression and is an important reason for genetic diversity and phenotypic trait diversity. Studies have shown that the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A2 (EIF4A2) gene plays an essential role in muscle development in both humans and pigs. However, the influence of bovine EIF4A2's copy number change on phenotypic traits has not been reported., Objectives: To detect the tissue expression profile of the EIF4A2 gene in adult cattle and individuals' CNV type of variation. Then, we explored the correlation between EIF4A2-CNV and growth traits in Chinese cattle breeds., Methods: Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-qPCR) was used to determine the expression profile of the EIF4A2 gene. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the CNV type of bovine populations. Then, SPSS 26.0 was used for association analysis., Results: In this study, a total of 513 individuals in four cattle breeds (Qinchuan cattle [QC], Yunling cattle [YL], Pinan cattle [PN] and Jiaxian cattle [JX]) were detected for EIF4A2 gene's CNV. The results showed that EIF4A2-CNV has an essential impact on hip width (HW) and rump length (RL) in QC, heart girth (HG), chest depth (CD) and RL in YL and HW in PN. However, it had no significant effect on JX., Conclusions: The above results suggest that EIF4A2 gene's CNV can be used as a molecular marker for cattle breeding, which is helpful to accelerate the breeding of superior beef cattle breeds., (© 2022 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The quality of bowel preparation is an important factor in the success of colonoscopy. However, the quality of bowel preparation is often affected by multiple factors. The main objective of this study was to explore the specific factors that affect the quality of bowel preparation., Methods: Patients were consecutively recruited from the gastroenterology department in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan from May 2018 to December 2018. All patients were undergoing colonoscopy. Bowel preparation was evaluated by the Ottawa Bowel preparation Scale (OBPS) and all patients were categorized into 2 groups according to the OBPS. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with bowel preparation quality., Results: A total of 910 patients were included in the analysis with an average age of 48.62 ± 13.57 years. Patient source ( P < 0.001) and the preparation method ( P = 0.029) were correlated with OBPS adequacy. In addition, after stratified by age, preparation method ( P = 0.022) was a significant factor among patients under 50 years old; whereas waiting time ( P = 0.005) was a significant factor among patients over 50 years old., Conclusion: Bowel preparation should be tailored based on the age of the patients to determine the most appropriate plan, including the most appropriate waiting time and the most appropriate purgative combination. Doctors should also focus more on the quality of bowel preparation in inpatients, who are more likely than outpatients to have an inadequate bowel preparation., Competing Interests: Authors YLi, KL, YLai, HG, and DJ were employed by DHC Mediway Technology Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Luo, Liu, Zhang, Lai, Li, Liu, Gong, Jiang and Wang.)

Objective: To evaluate the trends in disease burden and the epidemiological features of central nervous system (CNS) cancer in China from 1990 to 2019., Design: A population-based observational study., Setting: The incidence, prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to CNS cancer in China, stratified by sex, age and provincial region, were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019., Participants: Data were publicly available and individuals were not involved., Results: In 2019, the incident cases of CNS cancer in China were 347 992 (95% UI 262 084-388 896), and the age-standardised rate (ASR) of incidence was 5.69 (95% UI 4.36-6.78) per 100 000 person-years increased by 27.9% compared with that in 1990; meanwhile, CNS cancer caused 63 527 (95% UI 47 793-76 948) deaths in China in 2019, and the ASR of death was 3.5 (95% UI 2.62-4.21) per 100 000 person-years decreased by 9.6%. The ASRs of incidence and prevalence of CNS cancer in China increased more rapidly than the global average; meanwhile, the ASRs of DALYs owing to CNS cancer declined more rapidly. The burden of CNS cancer showed no significant differences between men and women, but was more pronounced in early childhood and old adulthood. The ASRs of incidence and prevalence were higher in high-income provinces, confirmed by the positive correlation with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), with correlation coefficient r of 0.322 and 0.767, respectively (both p<0.0001). However, the ASRs of death and DALYs demonstrated a negative correlation with SDI, with r of -‍0.319 and -0.642, respectively (both p<0.0001)., Conclusions: From a global perspective, China has been bearing a substantial burden of CNS cancer. More attention should be paid to children and elderly populations for CNS cancer. The disease burden varied significantly at the subnational level of China, which was associated with socioeconomic development., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

The COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by high uncertainty and difficulty in prevention and control, has caused significant disasters in human society. In this situation, emergency management of pandemic prevention and control is essential to reduce the pandemic's devastation and rapidly restore economic and social stability. Few studies have focused on a scenario analysis of the entire emergency response process. To fill this research gap, this paper applies a cross impact analysis (CIA) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach to analyze emergency scenarios and evaluate the effectiveness of emergency management during the COVID-19 crisis for outbreak prevention and control. First, the model extracts the critical events for COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, including source, process, and resultant events. Subsequently, we generated different emergency management scenarios according to different impact levels and conducted scenario deduction and analysis. A CIA-ISM based scenario modeling approach is applied to COVID-19 emergency management in Nanjing city, China, and the results of the scenario projection are compared with actual situations to prove the validity of the approach. The results show that CIA-ISM based scenario modeling can realize critical event identification, scenario generation, and evolutionary scenario deduction in epidemic prevention and control. This method effectively handles the complexity and uncertainty of epidemic prevention and control and provides insights that can be utilized by emergency managers to achieve effective epidemic prevention and control.

Copy number variation mainly refers to the copy number change of DNA fragments from 1 to 5 Mb. The deletion, duplication, inversion and ectopic of these fragments are collectively referred to as CNV. Numerous studies have shown that transfer factors play a vital role in regulating the growth and development of the body, for example the pleomorphic adenoma gene (PLAG). However, there is no study of CNV in PLAG1 gene. We qualified copy numbers within PLAG1 gene in 8 cattle breeds (Qinchuan, Qaidamu, Jinjiang, Guangfeng, Ji'an, Jiaxian, Pinan and Xianan cattle) by quantitative PCR, and explored their impacts on CNV of PLAG1 gene and phenotypic traits in Xianan cattle. We defined Deletion into CN = 0, Normal into CN = 1 and Duplication into CN = 2. The results showed that the individual with type of CN = 1 has a significant better effect on heart girth in JA cattle population ( p  < 0.01); the individual with type of CN = 1 and CN = 0 has a better effect on Rump length in JX cattle population ( p  < 0.05); the individual with type of CN = 0 has a better effect on cannon bone circumference in XN cattle population ( p  < 0.05). Association analysis showed that in JA cattle, the number of CN = 2 is great in JA cattle population, and the performance of CN = 2 in heart girth is better than CN = 1; in JX cattle, the rump length of CN = 2 is less than individual with CN = 0 and CN = 1; in XN cattle, individuals with CN = 0 have a better performance on cannon bone circumference than others. The results can provide a theoretical basis for molecular breeding of Chinese cattle, molecular mark-assist selection (MAS) of growth traits of Chinese cattle, and rapidly establish a Chinese cattle population with excellent genetic resources. Simple summaryWith the living standards rising, people's demand for beef is getting higher and higher, and there is a great significance to improve the growth performance of cattle. We measured body size data and detected copy number type of different cattle breeds (Xianan cattle, Ji'an cattle and Jiaxian cattle), and analyzed the correlation between the two object. We found that copy number variation of PLAG1 gene significantly affected some growth traits of XN cattle, JA cattle, and JX cattle. This may provide the basic material for molecular marker-assisted selection breeding of Chinese cattle breeds.

Background: Copy number variation (CNV) has become an essential part of genetic structural variation. Coiled-coil domain containing 39 (CCDC39) is a gene that related to the growth and development of organs and tissues. It is identified that it has a CNV region by animal genome resequencing., Objective: In this study, we detected the phenotypic traits and different distributions of CCDC39 gene copy numbers in five Chinese cattle breeds (Qinchuan (QC) cattle, Yunling (YL) cattle, Xianan (XN) cattle, Pinan (PN) cattle and Jiaxian (JX) cattle)., Methods: Five hundred and six cattle were randomly selected for CNV distribution detection. Blood samples were taken and genomic DNA was extracted. Different tissues were obtained from adult (n = 3) XN cattle, including heart, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle and lung. The genome qPCR experiment was performed with SYBR Green in triplicate. CDNA qPCR was used to detect the expression level of CCDC39 in different tissues and varieties. Using SPSS v20.0 software, the relationship between CCDC39 CNV and the growth traits of PN, XN, QC, NY and YL cattle breeds was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)., Results: The results showed that the expression of CCDC39 in lung was higher than that in other tissues. The expression in liver and kidney was similar, but the expression in heart and muscle was less. It can be seen that the duplication type of QC cattle CCDC39 CNV is higher than the deletion or normal in the height at hip cross. The normal type of PN cattle in body length and hip width was better than duplication and deletion (p < 0.05). In XN cattle, the deletion type of CNV had superior growth characteristics in heart girth and cannon bone circumference compared with the duplication type and the normal type (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: The study revealed a significant association between CNV of CCDC39 gene and growth traits in different Chinese cattle breeds., (© 2022 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The aim of this study was to detect the novel copy number variation (CNV) locus of NCAM2 gene in Chinese Holstein, and to analyze the effect of the novel CNV locus in NCAM2 gene on milk composition traits. The novel CNV locus of NCAM2 gene in 310 Chinese Holstein was detected by real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR (qPCR) and association analysis was performed between the novel CNV locus in NCAM2 gene and milk composition traits in Chinese Holstein. There are three CNV types of NCAM2 gene in Chinese Holstein: gain (increased copy number), median (normal copy number) and loss (deleted copy number). Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant association between CNV types and milk fat rate ( p  < 0.05). Moreover, we also discovered that the milk production and milk protein rate of gain type is higher than that of loss type, but that of mediate type is lower than that of loss type. However, in terms of somatic cell score, loss type is higher than that of gain type, but that of mediate type is lower than that of gain type. These observations suggested that gain type can be used as a candidate molecular genetic marker of milk fat rate.HighlightsThe CNVs of the NCAM2 gene were detected and validated in Chinese Holstein.The type of CNV was successfully implemented using qPCR.The statistical analysis indicated that the CNV of the NCAM2 gene are significantly associated with milk fat rate.

Simple Summary: As a member of genetic polymorphism, copy number variation has been a commonly used method in the world for investigating effect of genetic polymorphism on gene expression. Effect of genetic polymorphism made on livestock development has been more and more important in beef cattle molecular breeding. The characteristics of Chinese cattle are excellent meat quality, tolerant to rough feeding, good environmental adaptability and so on. But there are some obvious weaknesses still exist in the process of cattle growth and development, such as weak hindquarters and growth slowly. To improve the growth performance and market competitiveness of Chinese cattle, a lot of studies have been made about finding and investigating effective molecular marker. In this study, Q-PCR and data association analysis were used for PLA2G2A gene copy number variation detection and related effect analysis in Chinese cattle. Results showed that PLA2G2A gene has a significant effect on two breeds of Chinese cattle on growth traits, which could be a basic materials and effective information of cattle molecular markers breeding. PLA2G2A, member of secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) in superfamily of phospholipase A2, could catalyze the process of glycerophospholipids hydrolysis from position of sn-2 acyl with the release of free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Researches about PLA2G2A gene are mostly focus on disease, including tumors and diabetes, the number of study occurred on animal breeding is weak. In this study, blood samples were collected from five breeds of Chinese cattle (Qingchuan cattle, Xianan cattle, Yunling cattle, Pinan cattle and Guyuan cattle) for PLA2G2A gene CNV type detection. SPSS 20.0 software and method of ANOVA were used to analyzed the association between types of CNV and growth traits. Results reveal that the distribution of different copy number types in different cattle breeds is different. In QC, XN and GY cattle, the frequencies of Deletion and Duplication are about 40%; in YL cattle, the frequency of Deletion type exceeds 60%; in PN cattle, the frequency of Duplication is closed to 80%. Association analysis indicate that CNV of PLA2G2A gene showed a positive effect in cattle growth: in QC cattle, Chest depth with Normal type copy number possess a increased trend (P < 0.05); individuals with Deletion type copy number have better performance on Height at sacrum, Heart girth and Body height in GY cattle (P < 0.05). The functional role and molecular mechanism of PLA2G2A gene in animal growth and development are still unclear, and it is necessary for processing a further research. This research aims to provide basic materials for molecular breeding of Chinese cattle., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a major introduced grain-legume crop cultivated in China. In this study, rhizobia that nodulated faba bean grown in soils from three sites in North China (Hebei Province) were isolated and characterized. Firstly, isolates were categorized into genotypes by ribosomal IGS PCR-RFLP analysis, then representatives of the different IGS genotypes were further identified by phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA, housekeeping (atpD, recA) and nodulation (nodC) gene sequences. Rhizobial distribution based on the IGS genotype was related to the different soil physicochemical features by redundancy analysis. IGS typing and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and concatenated housekeeping gene sequences affiliated the 103 rhizobial strains isolated into four Rhizobium species/genospecies. A total of 69 strains of 3 IGS types were assigned to R. sophorae, 20 isolates of 5 IGS types to R. changzhiense and 9 isolates of 3 IGS types to R. indicum. The representative strain of the five remaining isolates (1 IGS type) was clearly separated from all Rhizobium type strains and was most closely related to defined genospecies according to the recently described R. leguminosarum species complex. Rhizobium sophorae strains (67% of total isolates) were common in all sites and shared an identical nodC sequence typical of faba bean symbionts belonging to symbiovar viciae. In this first study of rhizobia nodulating faba bean in Hebei Province, China, R. sophorae was found to be the dominant symbiont in contrast to other countries., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Copy number variation (CNV) has been used as an important source of phenotypic and genetic diversity in recent years. Nicastrin ( NCSTN ) gene is usually attached to human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and Acne inversa. However, there are no essays about the NCSTN gene combining with cattle breeds. In our study, we discovered different distributions of NCSTN gene copy number and associated it with phenotypic traits in four Chinese yellow cattle breeds (XN, PN, QC and YL). The result turned out that the CNV of the NCSTN gene was associated with several growth traits, such as cannon circumference, chest girth and rump length ( p  < 0.05). In general, we revealed the eminence over CNV of NCSTN gene and economic traits, suggesting that the CNV of the NCSTN gene can be considered to be a promising molecular breeding marker of Chinese beef cattle.

Non-Saccharomyces yeasts are important players during winemaking and may come from grapes grown in vineyards. To study the diversity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts on grape berry surfaces, 433 strains were isolated from different Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards grown in Henan Province. Our results demonstrated that these strains were classified into 16 morphotypes according to their growth morphology on Wallerstein Laboratory agar medium, and were identified as seven species from four genera-Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Hanseniaspora vineae, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia occidentalis, Pichia kluyveri, Issatchenkia terricola and Saturnispora diversa-based on a series of molecular biological experiments. Hanseniaspora opuntiae was obtained from all sampling sites except Changyuan County, while Pichia kluyveri and Saturnispora diversa were only found in sites of Zhengzhou Grape Resource Garden and Minquan County, respectively. The site Minquan was home of the greatest species richness, while only one single species (Hanseniaspora opuntiae) was detected at NAPA winery from Zhengzhou or at Anyang County. Finally, this study suggested that the geographic distribution and diversity of non-Saccharomyces yeast populations on Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries were likely to be determined by a combination of grape varieties and environmental factors., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Inhibin βA (INHBA) serves a prognostic and tumor‑promoting role in numerous types of cancer. The present study aimed to determine the clinical significance of INHBA in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the mechanisms underlying its potential tumor‑promoting effect. INHBA expression was detected in clinical NSCLC samples using immunohistochemistry. In vivo loss‑ and gain‑of‑function studies were performed to determine the effects of INHBA on NSCLC invasion. In addition, protein and mRNA expression levels of INHBA, yes‑associated protein (YAP), large tumor suppressor 1/2 kinase (LATS1/2), connective tissue growth factor, cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61 and Merlin were assessed using western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, respectively, to investigate the mechanism by which INHBA may affect the invasion of NSCLC. The present study revealed that INHBA was significantly upregulated in 238 clinical NSCLC samples compared with its expression levels in paired adjacent non‑cancerous tissues, and in metastatic nodules compared with in primary tumors. Notably, high INHBA expression was statistically associated with clinicopathological features, including poor differentiation and advanced tumor stage. INHBA positivity was statistically related to decreased 5‑year overall survival, for which INHBA was an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, INHBA promoted NSCLC invasion in vitro . In NSCLC, INHBA expression was associated with the nuclear levels of YAP and INHBA overexpression enhanced the invasive abilities of NSCLC cells via inhibiting the Hippo pathway. Mechanistically, INHBA inhibited l LATS1/2 phosphorylation and induced YAP nuclear translocation by downregulating the protein expression levels of Merlin. In conclusion, INHBA may negatively regulate the Hippo pathway to act as a tumor promotor, and could represent a marker of prognosis in NSCLC.

The purpose of our study was to explore the value of measuring cognitive functions for predicting the conversion to psychosis in Chinese college students with a clinical high risk (CHR). A total of 115 CHR students and 99 healthy controls were enrolled. All included participants were recruited from colleges in Wuhan, China. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery was used to evaluate cognitive function. CHR individuals were followed for 2 years, and the cognitive function of CHR individuals who later converted to psychosis (CHR-C) was compared to CHR individuals who did not convert (CHR-NC). Of the 107 CHR individuals that completed the 2- year follow-up, 29 (27.1%) developed a psychotic disorder. CHR individuals demonstrated poorer performance on all cognitive function tests compared to controls. CHR-C participants exhibited poorer performance on all cognitive tests except the Trail Making Test A and Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs compared to CHR-NC participants. The most significant differences displayed between CHR-C and CHR-NC groups were in visual learning, working memory, and reasoning and problem solving. The degree of cognitive impairment in visual learning and working memory may be a predictive marker for individuals who are at risk of developing psychosis., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Importance: Obesity is a public health challenge in China, but the geographical profiles of overweight and obesity among Chinese children are limited., Objective: To examine regional disparities in the prevalence of obesity among the heterogeneous population of Chinese children and adolescents to provide a more accurate profile of obesity among children in China., Design, Setting, and Participants: The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Obesity and Diabetes in Youth (PRODY) study was a cross-sectional survey study conducted from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, among 201 098 children aged 3 to 18 years from 11 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities that produced a sample of Chinese children with a full range of ages and wide geographical coverage using a multistage, stratified, cluster-sampling design., Exposures: Five regions geographically representative of China (northern, eastern, southern, western, and central)., Main Outcomes and Measures: The body weights and heights of all participants were measured. Multilevel, multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity., Results: Among 201 098 healthy children (105 875 boys [52.6%]; mean [SD] age, 9.8 [3.8] years) from eastern, southern, northern, central, and western China, the highest obesity prevalence was estimated for children aged 8 to 13 years in northern China (from 18.8% [95% CI, 16.2%-21.7%] to 23.6% [95% CI, 20.5%-26.9%]) and for boys aged 3 to 6 years in western China (from 18.1% [95% CI, 10.4%-29.4%] to 28.6% [95% CI, 14.3%-49.0%]). Boys had a higher prevalence than girls of obesity only in eastern and northern China, with a mean difference in prevalence of 4.6% (95% CI, 3.8%-5.4%) and 7.6% (95% CI, 6.5%-8.6%), respectively., Conclusions and Relevance: In this survey study, substantial geographic disparities in the prevalence of obesity and overweight were found among the heterogeneous population of Chinese children. The results suggest that special attention should be paid to vulnerable children and that regionally adapted interventions are needed to efficiently mitigate obesity in children.

Silicosis is a serious occupational disease with the highest incidence in China. However, its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that the sphingomyelin signaling pathway may play an important role in different fibrotic diseases but its role in silicosis-mediated fibrosis is still unclear. In this study, the supernatant of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell line (THP-1)-derived macrophages exposed to silica (SiO 2 ) was used to stimulate the transformation of human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line (HFL-1) into myofibroblasts, and the intervention effect of recombinant human acid ceramidase (rAC) was observed. The results showed that SiO 2 stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in the supernatant of THP-1-derived macrophages and increased the secretion of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-8. In addition, we found that the expression levels of α-SMA, FN, Col I, and Col III in HFL-1 cells increased. Meanwhile, the activities of ASMase and ACase and the expression levels of Cer, Sph, and S1P were increased. Intervention by rAC can suppress these changes to different degrees. In conclusion, the present study shows that SiO 2 dust poisoning may stimulate HFL-1 cell differentiation into myofibroblasts by inducing oxidative stress in THP-1-derived macrophages, thereby promoting the secretion of a variety of inflammatory factors and activating the sphingolipid signaling pathway in HFL-1 cells. Exogenous rAC can effectively interfere with the stimulation of HFL-1 cells by silica in vitro., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

This study investigated the effect of moderate risk level (8 µg/kg) AFB 1 in diet supplemented with or without adsorbents on lactation performance, serum parameters, milk AFM 1 content of healthy lactating cows and the AFM 1 residue exposure risk in different human age groups. Forty late healthy lactating Holstein cows (270 ± 22 d in milk; daily milk yield 21 ± 3.1 kg/d) were randomly assigned to four treatments: control diet without AFB 1 and adsorbents (CON), CON with 8 μg/kg AFB 1 (dry matter basis, AF), AF + 15 g/d adsorbent 1 (AD1), AF + 15 g/d adsorbent 2 (AD2). The experiment lasted for 19 days, including an AFB 1 -challenge phase (day 1 to 14) and an AFB 1 -withdraw phase (day 15 to 19). Results showed that both AFB 1 and adsorbents treatments had no significant effects on the DMI, milk yield, 3.5% FCM yield, milk components and serum parameters. Compared with the AF, AD1 and AD2 had significantly lower milk AFM 1 concentrations (93 ng/L vs. 46 ng/L vs. 51 ng/L) and transfer rates of dietary AFB 1 into milk AFM 1 (1.16% vs. 0.57% vs. 0.63%) ( p < 0.05). Children aged 2-4 years old had the highest exposure risk to AFM 1 in milk in AF, with an EDI of 1.02 ng/kg bw/day and a HI of 5.11 (HI > 1 indicates a potential risk for liver cancer). Both AD1 and AD2 had obviously reductions in EDI and HI for all population groups, whereas, the EDI (≥0.25 ng/kg bw/day) and HI (≥1.23) of children aged 2-11 years old were still higher than the suggested tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.20 ng/kg bw/day and 1.00 (HI). In conclusion, moderate risk level AFB 1 in the diet of healthy lactating cows could cause a public health hazard and adding adsorbents in the dairy diet is an effective measure to remit AFM 1 residue in milk and its exposure risk for humans.

This study examined gender differences in mental health of bereaved parents related to the gender of deceased only child in China, an only-child society with traditional culture of son preference, using data drawn from the China Family Planning Survey on Vulnerable Households in 2017. The findings indicated that parents with deceased only child suffered from more negative mental health symptoms than nonbereaved parents. For only-child-death families, there were no statistically significant gender differences in mental health of parents, and the gender of the deceased only child was basically unrelated to maternal/paternal mental health. Due to the implementation of one-child policy in China, both sons and daughters are highly prized and equally relied on by aging parents owing to the irreplaceability of the only child, which might moderate the effects of traditional culture of son preference on bereaved parental mental health.

A COVID-19 vaccine is the key to beating the virus, and effective vaccines are going to be available in the near future. It is urgent to estimate the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines and their value to individuals, in order to develop an effective public vaccination strategy. Based on a survey of 1,188 randomly selected respondents in China, we analyzed Chinese consumers' willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine and their willingness to pay for it. We find that 79.41% of the respondents are willing to get vaccinated in China, and the average amount that they're willing to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine shot is 130.45 yuan. However, though the elderly are at higher risk of infection and the disease could be fatal for them, they are less willing to get the vaccine and not willing to pay as much for the shot. Subsidies and health communication concerning COVID-19 vaccines should be provided in order to expand vaccination coverage., Competing Interests: The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.

The subfamily Parornichinae and thus the genus Parornix Spuler, 1910 are reported for the first time in China. Two new species, P. sinensis Liu, sp. n. feeding on Amygdalus davidiana and P. yuliella Liu Teng, sp. n. on Cerasus japonica, are described herein. Both host plant species belong to Rosaceae. Adult, genitalia of both sexes, and leaf mines are described and illustrated for both species. A Maximum Likelihood tree based on DNA barcodes available for Parornix is also provided for species separation. Reference barcodes for both new species are generated.

Conservation tillage in conjunction with straw mulching is a sustainable agricultural approach. However, straw mulching reduces the soil temperature, inhibits early maize growth and reduces grain yield in cold regions. To address this problem, we investigated the effects of inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on maize growth and rhizosphere microbial communities under conservation tillage in Northeast China. The PGPR strains Sinorhizobium sp. A15, Bacillus sp. A28, Sphingomonas sp. A55 and Enterobacter sp. P24 were isolated from the maize rhizosphere in the same area and inoculated separately. Inoculation of these strains significantly enhanced maize growth, and the strains A15, A28 and A55 significantly increased grain yield by as much as 22%-29%. Real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing showed that separate inoculation with the four strains increased the abundance and species richness of bacteria in the maize rhizosphere. Notably, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria&#95;Subgroup&#95;6, Chloroflexi&#95;KD4-96, and Verrucomicrobiae at the class level and Mucilaginibacter at the genus level were positively correlated with maize biomass and yield. Inoculation with PGPR shows potential for improvement of maize production under conservation tillage in cold regions by regulating the rhizosphere bacterial community structure and by direct stimulation of plant growth., (© 2020 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This study evaluated the association between the special subsidy policy and the mental health of loss/disability-of-single-child parents (LCPs/DCPs) in China and found that accepting the special subsidy is inversely related to the mental health of LCPs and DCPs. In addition, accepting the subsidy is more inversely related to the mental health of LCPs than DCPs, of rural parents than urban parents, of male parents than female parents, and of loss/disability-of-single-son parents than loss/disability-of-single-daughter parents. According to taboo trade-off theory, we proposed several explanations for the finding and put forward some policy recommendations.

Shidu parents (parents who lost their only child) experience poor mental health, and social support is expected to alleviate mental stress and facilitate mental adaptation of bereaved parents. However, the literatures on the effects of social support on mental health of bereaved parents have yield mixed outcomes, and the relationship between social support and mental health among Shidu parents has been unexplored in China. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support and mental health among Shidu parents in China. Multistage stratified random sampling was conducted to collect data in 2017, and a total of 1,750 Shidu parents were employed as the analytical sample. The Ordinary Least Squares Model and Instrumental Variables (IV) Method were both employed. The variable of community services for the aged provided by the market was employed as the IV of the study considering death taboo inveterately rooted in philosophies and religions in Chinese culture. The results indicated that there was a positive relationship between social support and mental health among Shidu parents, specifically, objective social support and social support utilisation were significantly related to mental health of Shidu parents, while subjective social support was not. Implications of the study include the following: First, it is crucial to help spouse and friends gain appropriate social support skills. Mutual associations can be an important source of social support. Second, objective social support should be given a top priority, and suitable amount, timing, source and structure of social support should be paid more attention to strengthen the 'goodness of fit' between the needs of Shidu parents and support provided. Third, some other social services such as community care, social work services and professional consulting services can be appropriate alternatives to alleviate mental stress of Shidu parents., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: According to the theory of compensating differentials, caregivers with high levels of intrinsic motivation should exhibit a higher-than-average satisfaction with their pay. Whereas studies conducted in Western countries have provided empirical evidence for the theory of compensating differentials in various care settings, few studies have been conducted in China that focus on caregivers employed in residential homes for the elderly (RHE). The sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers in China different significantly from their counterparts in Western countries., Purpose: This study was developed to analyze the mediating role of job burnout to assess the influence of intrinsic motivation on pay satisfaction among caregivers in RHE., Methods: Structural equation modeling was used to examine the influences of intrinsic motivation on pay satisfaction in a sample of 1,212 caregivers employed in RHE in China by analyzing the mediating role of job burnout., Results: Intrinsic motivation was found to relate positively to pay satisfaction (β = .11, p < .05). Negative relationships were identified between intrinsic motivation and job burnout (β = -.46, p < .01) and between job burnout and pay satisfaction (β = -.13, p < .01). Job burnout was found to have a significant mediating effect on the relationship between intrinsic motivation and pay satisfaction (β = .06, p < .01)., Conclusions/implications for Practice: A significant relationship was found between intrinsic motivation and pay satisfaction, with job burnout playing a mediating role in caregivers employed in RHE in China. This research has profound implications for nursing education, practice, and research. First, greater efforts should be focused on instilling nursing values in nursing students to foster intrinsic motivation. Second, nonpecuniary rewards may be offered to caregivers to acknowledge the values of care work and strengthen intrinsic motivation. Third, a supportive working climate should be fostered to reduce job burnout. Fourth, caregivers should be informed of their rights to decent pay and their right to bargain collectively through unions. Fifth, appropriate public policies should be implemented to provide pay for caregivers at levels that recognize and appreciate their intrinsic motivation.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a once-in-century crisis to public health. Although the pathogen for COVID-19, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been identified, the pandemic is still ongoing. The critically ill COVID-19 patients account for most disease-associated death; thus, there is an urgent need to identify prognostic factors that would help determine therapeutic approaches., Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory findings in 100 critically ill COVID-19 patients in Hubei Women & Children Healthcare Hospital (Guanggu District), of whom 22 patients died in hospital, and 78 patients survived., Results: We found that age, lymphocyte count, and total bilirubin concentration were an independent prognostic factor for critically ill COVID-19 patients. Of particular importance, we observed a significant elevation of myocardium injury biomarkers, including CK-MB, high-sensitivity cardiac troponini I (hs-cTnI), and Mb, in the non-survivor group. These myocardium injury biomarkers appeared to correlate with the time of survival, and two multivariate models have suggested hs-cTnI was a novel prognostic factor with a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 84.9%., Conclusions: Altogether, our study highlighted the prognostic significance of myocardium injury biomarkers in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Monitoring myocardium injury biomarkers would predict patient survival and guide therapeutic strategy.

Since 2011, Zhejiang province has eliminated iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in its populations. Following this achievement, a new revised iodine concentration in iodised salt was implemented in Zhejiang in 2012. However, the re-emergence of iodine deficiency has been reported in pregnant women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess household salt iodine concentration and iodine status of pregnant women in Zhejiang province, China. We conducted a cross-sectional study between April 2018 and August 2018 in Quzhou, Zhejiang province. Pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years who did not have a history of thyroid disease were recruited into the study. They were asked to complete socio-demographic questionnaires including a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In addition, a spot urine sample and a household table salt sample were also provided by each participant. A total of 625 pregnant women agreed to participate. The overall median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 130 µg/L, indicating mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant women. The coverage of iodised salt was 85.2%, and of these, the rate of adequately iodised salt was 98.1%. In conclusion, our results confirmed the re-emergence of iodine deficiency in pregnant women as reported by other studies conducted in Zhejiang province. Therefore, urgent public health actions are needed to improve iodine status of pregnant women in order to prevent the adverse consequences of IDD on the neurodevelopment of foetus.