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This study aimed to determine the optimal functional movement screen (FMS) cut score for assessing the risk of sports injuries and to explore the correlations between functional movement quality and sports performance among elite figure skaters. A total of 22 elite figure pairs skaters in China underwent FMS, sports performance, and clinical examinations for sports injuries. The FMS cut score was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Pearson's rank correlation analysis was used to quantify associations between the variables. (a) The optimal FMS cut score for assessing the risk of sports injuries was 13 (p50.008), with an area under curve of 0.838. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.889 and 0.692, respectively. (b) The trunk stability push-up (TSPU), an individual FMS test, predicted injuries in figure skaters (p50.015). (c) Moderate correlations were found between shoulder mobility and bench strength (r520.453, p 5 0.034), counter movement jump (r520.582, p 5 0.007), and 30-m sprint (r 5 0.567, p 5 0.009). A strong correlation was observed with squat jump (r520.774, p50.001). In addition, TSPU scores moderately correlated with 30-m sprint times (r520.511, p 5 0.021) and 30-s average anaerobic power (r 5 0.503, p 5 0.024). These findings indicate that both the FMS total score#13 and the FMS individual score serve as indicators of injury risk in figure skaters. However, only the FMS individual score reflected the sports performance. This likely results from the similarity in kinetic chain systems and movement patterns involved in both the FMS individual test and sports performance, suggesting a promising assessment strategy for sports performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-boundary interactions between second-home owners and local are complex over time – networks form and evolve within second-home owners and between owners and locals, each with its deliberately selective inclusion and exclusion. However, little attention has been paid to this phenomenon in the literature. This study, based on social network analysis alongside qualitative interviews, explores the dynamics of interactions between second-home owners and locals by analysing the networks formed by second-home owners in Qinglinkou, China. The ways in which second-home owners maintain and strengthen pre-existing networks with other owners and forge new links with locals, shape the cross-boundary interactions between the two groups. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics of cross-boundary interactions that are interwoven into the networks that second-home owners establish and maintain over time, and offers additional insights into the fragility of integration and high risk of segregation between the two groups in second-home destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive Spartina alterniflora has significant impacts on sediment carbon pool and turnover in the tidal wetlands of estuaries and coasts. Yet, how this exotic S. alterniflora affects sediment organic carbon mineralization dynamics remains poorly understood. In this study, sediment geochemical properties, organic carbon fractions, and mineralization dynamics were examined in a native Cyperus malaccensis habitat and three invasive S. alterniflora habitats (6-, 10-, and 14-year-old) in summer and winter. We found that invasive S. alterniflora generally increased sediment total organic carbon and their labile fraction contents. The organic carbon mineralization rates and cumulative carbon mineralization amounts were significantly influenced by invasive S. alterniflora, and their values increased with this exotic plant invasion chronosequences. The mineralization rates and cumulative mineralization amounts were also characterized by higher values in surface sediment (0 - 10 cm depth) compared to subsurface sediment (10 - 20 cm depth) and by seasonal variations with higher values in summer than in winter. The sediment organic carbon labile fractions, rather than total organic carbon, were the most important factor affecting carbon mineralization dynamics. The cumulative carbon mineralization amounts exhibited an excellent fit to the first-order kinetic equation (R2 = 0.93). The changes in modeled kinetic parameters (potential carbon mineralization amounts (C0) and carbon mineralization rate constant (k)) among these four habitats were similar to carbon mineralization rates, implying invasive S. alterniflora promoted the availabilities of organic compounds for microbial respiration metabolism. Overall, our findings highlighted the importance of S. alterniflora invasion in accelerating organic carbon decomposition and carbon dioxide release potential, although it also increases carbon accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uncovers the relationship of company's Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and capital structure in Chinese corporate sector. Additionally, we investigated if audit quality intervenes this ESG—capital structure nexus. Using panel regressions with fixed effects, we chose Chinese A-Listed companies giving 6295 firm-year observations from 2010 to 2019. The results support the legitimacy theory, suggesting that a company's ESG disclosure and overall progress is a crucial factor in determining their financing decisions. The results suggest that firms with better ESG performance found to have less debt financing and easier access to equity capital from stock markets. However, the results did not show a significant impact of audit quality on this relationship. Sensitivity tests, such as alternate parameter estimation measures, techniques to address endogeneity issues (sysGMM), and lagged regressions, were conducted and did not change the key conclusions of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two severe dust storm (DS) events (15–17 March and 28–29 March) hit northern China in 2021 consecutively. The lower atmospheric vertical dynamic and thermal structures during the two cases were compared using the ground-based sensor data from the microwave radiometer and radar wind profiler, combined with the environmental and meteorological observations data in Jinan, China. It was found that both cases occurred under the background of cold vortexes over northeastern China. The dust was transported through the cold air on the northwest route. During the dust period, 2–3 km was the west or northwest airflow, and below 2 km was the northeast wind. The variation in the dynamic structure determined the duration of the DS. During the DS maintenance phase, the vertical wind shear (VWS) below 3 km measured approximately 10 m∙(s∙km)−1. The increased VWS during the dust intrusion period facilitated the transportation of dust. In contrast, the more significant VWS was not conducive to the maintenance of DS, and the shift to south wind control in the upper middle layer indicated the weakening of DS. In both cases, we observed a cliff-like decrease in relative humidity as a prominent indicator of dust outbreaks, occurring approximately 2–5 h beforehand. The diurnal difference between the vertical temperature and relative humidity during the dust maintenance period was found to be insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of industrial integration, the collaborative agglomeration of the cultural and tourism industries is an important way to promote their integrated development and achieve both industrial transformation and upgrading. This article first analyzes the dynamics of the cultural and tourism industries as a collaborative agglomeration. A system dynamics model is then presented which represents the perspective and reveals the mechanics of this partnership between the two industries. Finally, the authors use this model to simulate the path made possible by their collaborative agglomeration. The results show: (1) From the perspective of industrial policy, the promotion and guidance function of industrial policy elements still needs strengthening in the collaborative development of China's cultural and tourism industries. (2) From the perspective of industrial economy, the promotion function of industrial economic factors still needs improving in the collaborative agglomeration and development of China's cultural and tourism industries. (3) From the perspective of the joint effect of industrial policy and economy, the collaborative effect of industrial policies and economic factors is more conducive to promoting the collaborative agglomeration development of China's cultural and tourism industries. The research in this article can provide theoretical support and policy recommendations for promoting coordinated development of China's cultural and tourism industries and can also provide the experience needed to serve as a reference for the joint development of tourism and culture in other similar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the large daily temperature difference on the ultra-high altitude plateau of China, the actual vertical temperature gradient (TG) of ballastless track may exceed the design value in the Code. The temperature monitoring platform of the double-block ballastless track was established to obtain the temperature distribution characteristics of track. The finite element model of the temperature field of the track is developed to study the warping deformation of track, and then the influence of TG on the dynamic responses of the vehicle-track-bridge system (VTBS) are investigated. The results show that the maximum positive temperature gradient (PTG) and negative temperature gradient (NTG) of the track bed slab are 88.875 ℃/m and − 47.159 ℃/m, respectively, and the latter exceeds the design value in the Code. The dynamic responses are positively correlated with the TG, and the influence of the NTG is more significant. The dynamic response of the rail is most sensitive to the TG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green credit is an important topic in the study of green finance system, but it has not been combined with China's carbon emission reduction effect and industrial carbon emissions. This study takes different industries in China as research objects to explore the relationship between green credit and industrial carbon emissions. First, the LMDI decomposition model was used to decompose the driving factors of industrial carbon emissions, and the effects of green credit efficiency and scale on carbon emissions were obtained. Secondly, on this basis, a system dynamics model was established to predict the changing trend of carbon emissions in different industries. By setting different scenarios of green credit, the development and evolution trend of carbon emission system was simulated when parameters changed, and the Tapio decoupling model was further established to analyze the decoupling effect of green credit and carbon emissions under different scenarios. Finally, the research results show that the increase in the scale of green credit can effectively inhibit carbon emissions and has the greatest effect on carbon emissions of the secondary industry. The incentive policy of green credit can effectively encourage industrial upgrading and development. With the growth of the balance of green credit, green credit and carbon emissions gradually reach the best decoupling state. This study provides empirical evidence for the objective evaluation of the implementation effect of China's green credit policy and has important reference value for the improvement and development of future policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequent occurrence of extreme cold waves under climate change has attracted widespread attention. Based on the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis daily dataset from 1958 to 2021, we use a newly developed dynamic metric, the local finite-amplitude wave activity (LWA), to explore the precursory signals, outburst conditions, and key dynamic features of extreme cold waves over eastern China from the perspective of synoptic climatology. The statistical results show that approximately 40% of extreme cold waves have the following features. First, the formation of significant positive LWA anomalies over the Balkhash–Baikal region is an evident precursory signal, which is accompanied by significant cold surface air temperature anomalies that accumulate over mid- and high-latitude Eurasia. Second, the appearance of extreme positive LWA anomalies over the region east of Lake Baikal (ELB) is necessary for subsequent outbursts of extreme cold waves. These extreme positive LWA anomalies indicate the meridionally enhanced planetary trough over East Asia and advection of the accumulated cold air masses southeastward to eastern China. Third, the evident positive change in the LWA anomalies over the ELB is mainly attributable to the convergence of the zonal LWA flux due to the zonal wind in the eddy-free state and Stokes drift flux over the eastern area of the ELB and the convergence of the meridional eddy heat flux over the western area. This study demonstrates that the LWA could be used as a simple and feasible metric for monitoring and forecasting extreme cold waves. Significance Statement: Enhanced waviness in circulation usually occurs before and during the outburst of extreme cold waves over eastern China. With a state-of-the-art diagnostic tool, the local finite-amplitude wave activity (LWA), the present study reveals both precursory signals and outburst conditions of these extreme cold events from the perspective of synoptic climatology. This study not only deepens our understanding of the dynamic process for extreme cold events over eastern China but also offers a method for monitoring and forecasting those extreme events. Our work also provides a method for studying other extreme climate events that are closely related to large-amplitude circulation waviness over the middle and high latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the characteristics and phase evolution of the quasi-biweekly oscillation of surface sensible heating (SH) over the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau (CETP) during spring. The mechanism connecting CETP SH to spring rainfall in China on the quasi-biweekly time scale is further investigated. Results show that the dominant mode of quasi-biweekly CETP SH presents a monopole pattern, in which the peak leads the maximum of the quasi-biweekly rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) and South China by approximately 5 and 7 days, respectively. As an upper-level Rossby wave train propagates eastward, an anomalous center of convergence moves to the CETP, which leads to a strong downdraft and reduced cloud cover. The resultant elevated shortwave radiation input and drier soil conditions are favorable for the CETP SH quasi-biweekly oscillation to enter a positive phase. When reaching its peak, the CETP SH efficiently heats the lower atmosphere, resulting in a local updraft. Due to the "SH-driven air pump" effect, abundant water vapor is transported from the oceans to China. A lower-layer southerly anomaly on the east side of the TP develops into an anomalous cyclonic circulation via the effect of topographic friction, which leads to the expansion of the positive potential vorticity anomaly and the maximum of the quasi-biweekly rainfall in the MLYR. Further southeastward propagation of the wave train leads to a shift in the rainfall anomaly center to South China. These findings suggest that the CETP monopole SH warming could be a good indicator for predicting intraseasonal variations in spring rainfall over China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A record-breaking precipitation event, with a maximum 24-h (1-h) precipitation of 624 mm (201.9 mm) observed at Zhengzhou Weather Station, occurred in Henan Province, China, in July 2021. However, all global operational forecast models failed to predict the intensity and location of maximum precipitation for this event. The unexpected heavy rainfall caused 398 deaths and 120.06 billion RMB of economic losses. The high-societal-impact of this event has drawn much attention from the research community. This article provides a research review of the event from the perspectives of observations, analysis, dynamics, predictability, and the connection with climate warming and urbanization. Global reanalysis data show that there was an anomalous large-scale circulation pattern that resulted in abundant moisture supply to the region of interest. Three mesoscale systems (a mesoscale low pressure system, a barrier jet, and downslope gravity current) were found by recent high-resolution model simulation and data assimilation studies to have contributed to the local intensification of the rainstorm. Furthermore, observational analysis has suggested that an abrupt increase in graupel through microphysical processes after the sequential merging of three convective cells contributed to the record-breaking precipitation. Although these findings have aided in our understanding of the extreme rainfall event, preliminary analysis indicated that the practical predictability of the extreme rainfall for this event was rather low. The contrary influences of climate warming and urbanization on precipitation extremes as revealed by two studies could add further challenges to the predictability. We conclude that data sharing and collaboration between meteorological and hydrological researchers will be crucial in future research on high-impact weather events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest litter is an important guarantee for maintaining forest soil fertility and circulating material in forest ecosystems. The input of litter plays an important role in soil organic matter formation and biogeochemical cycles in forest ecosystems. However, the production and elements concentrations of Juniperus przewalskii (JP) litter in the Qilian Mountains are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the production of needle, branch and bark, cone, and impurity litters. We determined the concentrations and fluxes of major (K, Mg, Al, and Fe) and trace (Na, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Co, Cd, and Ag) elements in needle litter of JP from September 2020 to August 2021. The results showed that the annual litter production was 4040.74 ± 495.96 kg ha−1 a−1. Needle and cone litters were the main components of the total litter production. The major elements (MEs) and trace elements (TEs) fluxes of litter were consistent with the litter production trend. The concentrations and fluxes of MEs and TEs in needle litter decreased in the order: K > Mg > Al > Fe > Na > Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd > Ag. These results have important implications for understanding the migration processes of MEs and TEs in forest ecosystems of the Qilian Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features and causes of the leading intermonth modes of winter surface air temperature anomalies (SATA) over China are investigated, and associated prediction models are developed. The first three intermonth modes of winter SATA over China are obtained by extended empirical orthogonal function (i.e., EEOF1–3) analysis. The results show that EEOF1 represents consistent variations in the whole winter, with a variance contribution of 32.3%, whereas EEOF2 and EEOF3 show spatiotemporally inconsistent changes, and their variance contributions are 16.9% and 12.5%, respectively. EEOF2 has out-of-phase variations between December and January–February, and EEOF3 exhibits a temporal warm–cold alternating pattern, with spatially reversing changes over northwestern and southern China. However, the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2) presents a limited prediction skill for winter SATA over China and their intermonth modes. Further investigations indicate that the September sea ice over the Barents–Laptev Seas, the November snow cover over western Europe and East Asia, and the November northern Atlantic sea surface temperature can be, respectively, adopted to develop prediction schemes for the consistent mode (EEOF1 scheme) and two inconsistent modes (EEOF2 and EEOF3 schemes) based on specific mechanisms. These schemes show effective performances in predicting both individual modes and the reconstruction field of SATA over China. The temporal correlation coefficients (TCCs) between cross-validation results and observations are 0.48, 0.51, and 0.31 for the EEOF1–3 modes, respectively (the 90% confidence level is 0.27). For the reconstruction field, the TCCs are 0.40, 0.27, and 0.45 in December, January, and February, respectively, which are much higher than those of the CFSv2 outputs (0.23, −0.16, and −0.09). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the changing characteristics of summer, compound, extreme hot–humid events over eastern China in recent decades and the associated underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the summer extreme hot–humid events over eastern China have tended to increase but with strong interannual variability in recent decades. Further analyses indicated that the summer sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the northwest Pacific (NW Pacific) and western tropical Pacific, and the May Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) anomalies are the key elements that are closely connected to the variations in extreme hot–humid events over eastern China. The positive SST anomalies over the NW Pacific in summer, on the one hand, could strengthen the local circulation patterns that lead to the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over eastern China. On the other hand, the positive SST anomalies over the western tropical Pacific excite an anomaly pattern similar to the Pacific–Japan pattern that weakens the westerly jet and enhances the anticyclone circulation anomalies over the upper level of eastern China. Both of them provide favorable conditions for extreme hot–humid events over eastern China with increased moisture and temperatures. The sensitivity experiments by the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), with SST forcing yield similar influencing processes to the observations. Additionally, the effect of SIC may be potentially responsible for the hot conditions in extreme hot–humid events over eastern China. The signal of declining May SIC could persist to summer and then influence the SST anomalies to its south, which could also produce a beneficial background for extreme hot–humid events to increase over eastern China by exciting the Rossby wave train propagating southeastward across the Mongolia–Lake Baikal region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex situations and chain effects of urban risk factors have resulted in a focus on improving emergency capability based on the importance of the collaborative governance network. This study constructed an integrated analysis framework to adapt to China's emergency governance situation. This study aimed to contribute to the literature on collaborative emergency governance based on the framework of target capability by exploring the combination of risk warning, organization embedding, information sharing, resource integration, and business function as major influencing factors in the capability of collaborative emergency governance. Through a qualitative comparative analysis based on 50 contingency plans in Shanghai, China, and followup interviews, the study explored the multistructure equivalent causality and equivalent cause-and-effect chain in detail. The findings reveal three configuration paths for the generation of collaborative emergency capability: business-chain resource optimization, precontrol embedded system overlay, and balanced organizational embedding types. This research provides a theoretical reference and practical understanding of using "different routes to the same goal" in urban collaborative emergency governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite-derived Land Surface Temperature (LST) dynamics have been increasingly used to study various geophysical processes. This review provides an extensive overview of the applications of LST in the context of global change. By filtering a selection of relevant keywords, a total of 164 articles from 14 international journals published during the last two decades were analyzed based on study location, research topic, applied sensor, spatio-temporal resolution and scale and employed analysis methods. It was revealed that China and the USA were the most studied countries and those that had the most first author affiliations. The most prominent research topic was the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI), while the research topics related to climate change were underrepresented. MODIS was by far the most used sensor system, followed by Landsat. A relatively small number of studies analyzed LST dynamics on a global or continental scale. The extensive use of MODIS highly determined the study periods: A majority of the studies started around the year 2000 and thus had a study period shorter than 25 years. The following suggestions were made to increase the utilization of LST time series in climate research: The prolongation of the time series by, e.g., using AVHRR LST, the better representation of LST under clouds, the comparison of LST to traditional climate change measures, such as air temperature and reanalysis variables, and the extension of the validation to heterogenous sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bow-and-arrow Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) has a unique structure with two convective lines resembling the shape of an archer's bow and arrow. These MCSs and their arrow convection (located behind the MCS leading line) can produce hazardous winds and flooding extending over hundreds of kilometers, which are often poorly predicted in operational forecasts. This study examines the dynamics of a bow-and-arrow MCS observed over the Yangtze–Huai Plains of China, with a focus on the arrow convection provided. The analysis utilized backward trajectories and Lagrangian vertical momentum budgets to simulations employing the WRF‐ARW and CM1 models. Cells within the arrow in the WRF-ARW simulations of the MCS were elevated, initially forming as convectively unstable air within the low-level jet (LLJ), which gently ascended over the cold pool and converged with the MCS's mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) at higher altitudes. The subsequent ascent in these cells was enhanced by dynamic pressure forcing due to the updraft being within a layer where the vertical shear changed with height due to the superposition of the LLJ and the MCV. These dynamic forcings initially played a larger role in the ascent than the parcel's buoyancy. These findings were bolstered by idealized simulations employing the CM1 model. These results illustrate a challenge for accurately forecasting bow-and-arrow MCSs as the updraft magnitude depends on dynamical forcing associated with the interaction between vertical shear associated with the environment and due to convectively generated circulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Along with China entering an aging society, the percentage of people that over 60 will reach 34.9% in 2050, resulted in a significant increase in stroke patients. OBJECTIVE: This paper proposes a rehabilitation robotic walker for walking assistance during the daily life, and a control method for the motor relearning during the gait training. The walker consists of an omni-directional mobile platform (OMP) which ensures the walker can move on the ground, a body weight support system (BWS) which is capable of providing the desired unloading force, and a pelvic assist mechanism (PAM) to provide the user with four degrees of freedom and avoid the rigid impact. The study goal is to gain a better understanding of the assist-as-needed control strategy during the gait training. METHODS: For the man-machine interaction control, the assist-as-needed control strategy is adopted to guide the users' motions and improve the interaction experience. To build the force field in the three-dimensional space, the dynamics of the system is derived to increase the accuracy of force control. RESULTS: The simulation results show that the force field around the motion trajectory was generated in the three-dimensional space. In order to understand the force field, we designed the simulation on sagittal plane and the controller can generate the appropriate force field. The preliminary experiment results were consistent with the simulation results. CONCLUSION: Based on the mathematical simulation and the preliminary test, the results demonstrate that the proposed system can provide the guide force around the target trajectory, the accuracy of force control still remains to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the dynamics of the collaborative innovation network of China's agricultural biotechnology, from a spatial-topological perspective. The data pertain to a collection of patent applications jointly filed by universities, research institutes and enterprises on the mainland of China during 1985–2017. Using the logistic model, we first identify the developing phases of China's agricultural biotechnology. By dismantling the collaborative innovation network into spatial and topological networks, the dynamics are analyzed from these two dimensions at the three levels of nodes, edges and whole network. The results indicate that with the technology developing from the introduction to the growth-to-maturity phase, the collaborative innovation network exhibits dynamics as follows: as the scale expands, collaborations in the network are concentrated core cities, while dispersing to more innovators; enterprises replace universities and become the main innovation forces; the network attributes of small-world, scale-free and core-edge structures are apparent. Multi proximity factors including geographical, cognitive and organizational, play key roles in driving the dynamics, and the main factor evolves from geographical proximity to cognitive as well as organizational proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Drawing on the dynamic managerial capability perspective and the dynamic capability perspective of business model (BM) literature, this paper aims to investigate how top management team internal social capital (TISC) promotes BM design and how such effects are moderated by market dynamics (i.e. demand uncertainty and competitive intensity). Design/methodology/approach: The proposed hypotheses were tested by a questionnaire-based survey. The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 210 firms in China. The model was tested via hierarchical regression analysis. Findings: TISC has a positive effect on BM efficiency but an inverted U-shaped effect on BM novelty. The effects of TISC on BM efficiency and novelty are contingent on demand uncertainty and competitive intensity in different ways. Specifically, this study finds that demand uncertainty strengthens the inverted U-shaped effect of TISC on BM novelty. This study also finds that competitive intensity strengthens the positive effect of TISC on BM efficiency but weakens the inverted U-shaped effect of TISC on BM novelty. Originality/value: The conclusion contributes to the dynamic capability perspective of BM literature in two ways. First, it offers a dynamic managerial capability perspective for understanding the antecedents of BM design. It highlights TISC, a root of dynamic managerial capability, as an important internal antecedent of BM design. Second, it provides a more nuanced understanding of the role of TISC in BM design. The findings show the distinct effects of TISC on BM efficiency and novelty. This study also discusses the contingency role market dynamics play in the TISC–BM design relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: China has eliminated absolute poverty; however, relative poverty still exists. Specifically, the characteristic group of rural women is affected by traditional gender concepts and behavioral norms, and rural women are often relatively deprived of economics, rights, abilities, and information. Objective: Therefore, studying their relative poverty is crucial for realizing the overall development of China and the shared prosperity of farmers. Methods: This study utilizes the multidimensional poverty theory to construct an analytical framework for the multidimensional relative poverty of rural households using the Alkire-Foster multidimensional measurement method and the tracking survey data of the "China Family Tracking Survey" from 2010 to 2016. From the "individual perspective," the six dimensions of economy, health, humanities, spiritual life, social relations, and rights are used to measure and compare the relative poverty of women and men in rural households in China. Results: The results showed that the relative poverty of women in rural households is extensive and broader, especially in the economic, humanities, and rights dimensions, and is much higher than that of men. Education level, physical health, ideology, and family status are the primary factors affecting the multidimensional relative poverty of women. Conclusion: This study finds that the relative poverty of rural women exists within the family and it is multi-dimensional. This finding provides a reference for promoting well-rounded human development and achieving common prosperity for everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planetary rovers may traverse terrains with complex geometries and variable physical properties, but their mobility behaviors are complicated and difficult to simulate precisely. This article focuses on high-fidelity dynamic modeling and simulation for a type of rovers that incorporate single-input-multi-output joints to enhance terrain adaptability, which has been used on China's Tianwen-1 Mars rover. A novel multibody dynamic model and its solutions are derived first with consideration of single-input-multi-output joints. Then, a unified terramechanics model is proposed, considering variable terrain surfaces and covering rover's motion states of skidding, slipping, and steering, solved the problem of simulation instability caused by model switching between soft and hard terrains. As the contact areas of wheels with various terrains and resultant sinkage are dominant factors to ensure fidelity but difficult to determine, a new terrain modeling method for calculating contact area and wheel sinkage is developed using digital elevation map with physical properties. A simulation system is developed, integrating all the above models, and verified with physical experiments and commercial software. The relative simulation errors that have been achieved are less than 5.9% for bogie angles, 6.1% for drawbar pull, and 3.4% for slip ratios, demonstrating high fidelity simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inappropriate organic fertilizer application may cause serious environmental risks, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses. To achieve a win–win for high yield and environmental protection in organic agriculture, it was essential to demonstrate the relationship between the organic fertilizer input, rice yields, and risks of N and P losses. Based on a rice and green manure cropping rotation field experiment in the Yangtze River Delta of China, the effects of organic fertilization rates on the dynamics of surface water N and P concentrations and rice grain yields were determined. The results showed that the N (total N, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen) and P (total P and dissolved P) concentrations in surface water immediately and greatly reached the highest values 1 day after basal fertilization and topdressing fertilization. Then, the N and P concentrations sharply decreased and were maintained at a relatively low level. The initial 3 and 7 days after organic fertilization were the high-risk periods for controlling N and P runoff losses. The surface water N and P concentrations had a positive correlation with the organic fertilization rate in high-risk periods. Besides, the effects of organic fertilization on surface water P concentrations existed longer than those of N concentrations. The rice grain yields increased with the increase in organic fertilization rates, but high organic fertilizer input (>225 kg N per hectare) did not increase the grain yield. Meanwhile, the high organic fertilizer input had the highest risks for N and P losses. Therefore, in organic rice farming, organic fertilization rates with 150~200 kg N per hectare are the optimal organic fertilizer input, with relatively high grain yields and low N and P losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a dynamic model to analyze the impact of input tariff liberalization on input prices, trading decisions, and productivity. Although input tariffs directly affect input price benefits of importing, their impact on trade participation generates indirect benefits through productivity improvements and complementarity between importing and exporting. To disentangle these effects, we separately measure importing's effect on input prices and productivity and examine Chinese paint manufacturers' reaction to input tariff liberalization. We find that a mild short‐term effect of tariff liberalization is amplified in the long run by induced trade participation, resulting in even higher productivity and lower input prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building information modeling (BIM) can integrate multi-stage resources and promote multi-agent collaboration. As a key information technology in the architecture, engineering and construction field, BIM has attracted increasing attention worldwide. Existing research mainly focuses on influencing factors or project-based applications of BIM, lacking a macroscopic and quantitative measurement. This study quantitatively explores the macro characteristics and dynamics of BIM adoption. A total of 4,591 BIM-related patents were collected, and the current BIM adoption status was clarified. The evolution process of BIM adoption from 2011 to 2020 was revealed using social network analysis, and the development trend was predicted based on a Barrat, Barthelemy, Vespignani (BBV) model. The results indicate that BIM adoption in China presents significant regional imbalances and scale-free network features, with low connectivity as a whole and a significant island effect locally, and is entering a stage of rapid development and active evolution. This study provides an overview of actual BIM adoption and its potential causes, which is a breakthrough in existing research. The conclusions will contribute to the government issuing evidence-based policies to promote BIM at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularity of positive psychology research in second language acquisition since 2012, foreign language enjoyment (FLE) has attracted many researchers in this domain. Several innovative quantitative and qualitative research methods have been used so far to explore FLE. However, given the dynamic nature of FLE, the development of innovative tools can contribute to the exploration of the micro-scale dynamics of FLE. This study aims to introduce enjoymeter as one of these innovative tools and provide an example for its use in a foreign language learning setting. To do this, the application of enjoymeters in the exploration of the dynamics of FLE in an English as a foreign language course in China is explained. The enjoymeter data along with interviews were collected in three sessions of the course and were analyzed via thematic analysis. The findings indicated that moments of enjoyment emerged in terms of both private FLE and social FLE in these three sessions. Also, the use of enjoymeter indicated that it can enable researchers to map the dynamics of FLE session by session and even within each session of the course. The pedagogical implications of the use of enjoymeters in foreign language classes are discussed and future directions are explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews Fuqing ZHANG's contributions to mesoscale atmospheric science, from research to mentoring to academic service, over his 20-year career. His fundamental scientific contributions on predictability, data assimilation, and dynamics of high impact weather, especially gravity waves and tropical cyclones, are highlighted. His extremely generous efforts to efficiently transmit to the community new scientific knowledge and ideas through mentoring, interacting, workshop organizing, and reviewing are summarized. Special appreciation is given to his tremendous contributions to the development of mesoscale meteorology in China and the education of Chinese graduate students and young scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The DEA-BCC model. And the Malmquist index have been used, from static and dynamic perspectives, to measure the eco-efficiency of 30 cities and provinces in China from 2011 to 2020. The results shows that: the average static eco-efficiency of 30 cities and provinces in China is 0.643. Differences exists all over China. While Shanghai and Beijing are ecologically efficient, other 28 cities and provinces are faced with different extents of inefficiency. There are also differences among regions, which generally show the spatial distribution pattern with high efficiency in the eastern regions while low in the western regions. The Malmquist index of eco-efficiency in total 30 cities and provinces shows a healthy growth trend, and the technological progress. Acts as its main driving force. Therefore, eastern regions should enhance the. radiation capacity, strengthen the synergy among regions, give full play to. The advantages of each regions. It is sensible to improve the eco-efficiency by means of optimizing the industrial structure, enhancing the technological level and improving eco-efficiency of China and realizing green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the economic and welfare effects of a commodity price support policy. It conceptually and empirically evaluates the effects of the domestic pricing policy on the distribution of commodity prices, with an application to the price support program in the Chinese rice market. The empirical analysis relies on a Censored Quantile Autoregression (CQAR) model, which provides a refined and flexible representation of the evolving distribution of prices under a price support program. Based on monthly data over the period 2000–2018, we develop and estimate an econometric model documenting the price effects of policy interventions. We study how a price support program affects price distribution both in the short term and long term. We find that such a program has reduced the domestic rice price volatility, evidenced by lowered variation and increased right‐skewness of the price distribution. We also show how China's rice programs' high price support level during the period 2008–2015 caused significant censoring effects and price enhancement with adverse impacts on consumer welfare across all income levels. We further examine alternative situations where a moderate price support level can reduce the long‐term mean price without generating consumer welfare losses. Our analysis and findings have implications for the implementation of agricultural price support policies in many developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing literature has not fully explored the spatial heterogeneity and dynamics of spillover effects of tourism-flow patterns, and this article makes contributions to addressing this issue. Using spatial autoregressive models and comparing the results for the non-high-speed train (HST) era (2002–2006) and those for the HST era (2011–2015) of China, this article finds that in the HST era, the spillover effect of tourism flows from neighboring regions has changed from positive to negative. Moreover, in the HST era, the cities with HST services have significantly positive effects on for a particular city, while those cities without HST have negative effects. These results reveal the spatial heterogeneity and dynamics of the tourism-flow spillover. After evaluating the variation of other factors which potentially contribute to the change of spillover patterns, this study identifies that the HST service plays an important role in such changes. Finally, this article uses geographically weighted regressions to explore the spatial heterogeneity in an elaborative way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a Class C infectious disease that carries particularly high risk for preschool children and is a leading cause of childhood death in some countries. We mimic the periodic outbreak of HFMD over a 2-year period-with differing amplitudes-and propose a dynamic HFMD model that differentiates transmission between mature and immature individuals and uses two possible optimal-control strategies to minimize case numbers, total costs and deaths. We parameterized the model by fitting it to HFMD data in mainland China from January 2011 to December 2018, and the basic reproduction number was estimated as 0.9599. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that transmission between immature and mature individuals contributes substantially to new infections. Increasing the isolation rates of infectious individuals-particularly mature infectious individuals-could greatly reduce the outbreak risk and potentially eradicate the disease in a relatively short time period. It follows that we have a reasonable chance of controlling HFMD if we can reduce transmission in children under 7 and isolate older infectious individuals., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

There has been a proliferation of studies trying to explain the driving forces behind the formation and evolution of intercity corporate networks. Previous approaches, however, require the input of aggregated data such as the connectivities of cities, a static network or a few discrete-time network snapshots. This may potentially cause the loss of information on the microscopic dynamics in corporate networks. In this paper, we explore the use of an approach invoking relational event models (REM), which has the advantage of being able to directly process continuously recorded disaggregated data on the establishment of each office. This allows for a more fine-grained analysis of the dynamics underlying the formation of the network. To demonstrate its potential in this research field, this paper applies REM to explain the temporal dynamics of the intercity corporate network in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. The result shows that there are preferential attachment and persistence effects in the evolution of the network, and this alongside the impact of several city covariates. Nonetheless, REM relies on event history and cannot model the forward-looking process in firms' location choice. The lack of detailed information regarding the date of the establishment of offices also poses a challenge to the application of REM in the study of corporate networks. We also conclude that it may be fruitful to apply REM to other forms of intercity networks, especially those significantly affected by event histories, such as commuting and knowledge networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides new evidence on the dynamics of social capital across the life course and over different periods in urban China. Using three cross-sectional datasets from the Job Search and Social Network survey (1999, 2009, and 2014), this study distinguishes family-centered and work-centered social capital and then constructs age-period-cohort models of social capital. The age effects indicate that social capital stock shows an inverse U shape across the individual life course, with the peak occurring between ages 38 and 42 years old. Period effects suggest a significant increase in social capital stock from 1999 to 2014, during which time family-centered social capital declined, while work-centered social capital was invigorated and became the primary source of social capital for urban residents. Cohort effects indicate that political events and institutional reforms exert profound effects on the accumulation of social capital for different birth cohorts. The birth cohort growing up in 1930–1948 stands out as having relatively high social capital, while social capital underwent a significant decline among those who grew up from 1949 to 1978, followed by rapid growth again among those born after 1979. These conclusions enhance the nuanced understanding of the dynamics of social capital across the micro life course and macro social processes. • The central concern in this paper is how social capital changes over time. This study incorporate trends in social capital changes in both theoretical and empirical analyses into a time framework of age, period, and cohort, and use three periods of data spanning 15 years for empirical analysis. • With regard to the age effect, this study challenges previous findings that social capital declines over life course; instead, social capital shows an inverted U-shaped trend with age, consistent with the expectations of life course theory. • With respect to the period effect, social capital shows a rising trend as a whole, but family-centeredness is declining, and workplace-centeredness is rising, accompanied by China's marketization and industrialization progress. • In terms of generational effects, the political movements and social changes in China since 1949 have had significant and profound impacts on the social capital of different birth cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decadal intensification of the South Asian high (SAH) after the late 1970s, which is determined based on the geopotential height (H), is suspicious due to the lifting effect upon H caused by global warming. The updated reanalysis datasets ERA5 and JRA-55 indicate that the anticyclone in the upper troposphere over the Tibetan Plateau is relatively weak during 1980-2018 compared to that during 1950-79. This decadal weakening of the SAH after 1979 can also be observed in the radiosonde observation data. Correspondingly, the SAH defined by eddy geopotential height (H0) reflects a consistent decadal weakening variation. The decadal weakening of SAH detected from H0 after the late 1970s matches with a decadal southward shift of the East Asian westerly jet, causing ascending motions over the Yangtze River valley and descending motions over North China. Moreover, the decadal weakening and westward shift of the SAH is accompanied with positive relative vorticity anomalies over the northwest Pacific in the upper troposphere, which implies a declining and eastward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and a weakened East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Hence, the decadal weakening of the SAH after the late 1970s may contribute to the Yangtze River flooding/North China drought pattern through its connection with other circulation systems of EASM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • We adopts a perspective of equity and efficiency and constructing a framework to assess the improvement of ESV in China. • We reveals the regional unfairness between China's ESV and economic growth. • We evaluates the ESV improvement in China, considering both static and dynamic efficiency. • We provides policy suggestions for ecological environmental governance. Ecosystems provide the material and energy resources necessary for human development, improving people's quality of life and well-being. Thus, enhancing the effectiveness of ecosystem services valuation has become a focal point of concern. Here, we adopt a perspective of equality and efficiency and construct a framework based on the ecological Gini coefficient (E-Gini coefficient) and the three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis-Malmquist (DEA-Malmquist) model, by evaluating the input of financial investments and human resources and the output of ecosystem service value (ESV) production, to assess the improvement of ESV in China from 2008 to 2020. The research findings reveal that the E-Gini during the study period remained consistently above 0.54, which is categorized as "high inequality". ESV equality across different regions follows the order of northwest > south > north concerning economic and social development. Furthermore, through efficiency analysis, we find that there is room to improve the improvement efficiency of China's ESV. Static efficiency analysis indicates that the average improvement efficiency of China's ESV is low (0.331). This indicates that the input resources did not achieve the optimal ESV production. Dynamic efficiency analysis reveals that there is a 3.2 % decline in ESV improvement efficiency over the entire study period. Encouragingly, ESV improvement efficiency has been increasing annually since 2017. Moreover, there exists spatial heterogeneity in ESV improvement efficiency, with the northwest region showing significantly higher than the north and south. The research results can provide policy recommendations for ecological environmental governance, production efficiency, and ecological compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon label is acknowledged as an effective way to combat the problem of global warming. As a powerful way to encourage individuals to adjust their consumption patterns and to promote the development of green consumption, carbon-labeled products are widely developed in China. To reveal the production and consumption process of carbon-labeled products, the present study constructs a tripartite game model consisting of the government, carbon-labeled products manufacturers and consumers based on a media monitoring perspective. The evolutionary stability strategy (ESS) is firstly determined by solving the replication dynamic equations and stability analysis of the equilibrium point, followed by the strategy analysis and sensitivity analysis through numerical simulation. The results show that media supervision can effectively complement and constrain government supervision. In addition, it can promote enterprises to standardize production and enhance consumers' trust and willingness to buy carbon-labeled products. The introduction of media supervision can well realize the ideal equilibrium of "effective government supervision, enterprise compliance and consumer support for purchase". • Introducing media monitoring into the tripartite game of carbon-labeled products. • Initial possibilities affect the player's decision-making behavior. • The strength of media monitoring affects players' decision-making behavior. • A tripartite evolutionary game model to explore carbon-labeled products. • Government incentives/penalties can motivate firms to standardize production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eurasian continent experienced significant warming during the past decades. West Asia is located in an arid/semiarid zone, and its warming amplification has drawn considerable attention. However, the climatic effect of such a warming is not clear yet. In this study, we explored the possible impacts of recent land surface warming over West Asia on the atmospheric general circulation and climate. Results show that abnormal spring land surface warming over West Asia tends to increase precipitation over North China and decrease (increase) precipitation (air temperature) over Northeast China in early summer (June). It is noted that the precipitation anomalies are much stronger over the eastern region of North/Northeast China. Further analysis suggests that abnormal spring land surface warming can trigger eastward-propagating disturbances via diabatic heating, which intensifies the atmospheric circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern, causing anomalous circulation and climate in early summer over northern China. Sensitivity experiments demonstrate that abnormal spring land surface warming can increase the atmospheric baroclinic instability and trigger Rossby waves that propagate along the westerly jet stream (WJS), resulting in the formation of CGT. Due to persistent land surface thermal forcing and the interaction between the basic flow (especially the WJS) and CGT, the CGT tends to be intensified. The anomalous wave center over East Asia in early summer is responsible for the precipitation increases (decreases) over North (Northeast) China and the evident warming in Northeast China. Our results suggest that the spring land surface thermal anomalies over West Asia can be a potential signal for short-term prediction of early summer climate over northern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At about 04:00 on 10 August 2019, the heavy rainfall carried by Typhoon Lekima induced a catastrophic rockslide in Shanzao Village, Yongjia County, China. The heavy rainfall triggered the tuff rock mass of about 12×104 m3 in volume sliding along the interbedded mudstone. Subsequently, the Shaozao river at the slope toe was blocked by the sliding mass, which formed a landslide dam afterwards. The dam broke later, ruining many houses and causing 32 casualties. We investigated the geological setting, characteristics, and failure mechanisms of the Shanzao rockslide through field investigation. In addition, the dynamic course of the landslide was analyzed using discrete element method. This paper reveals the dynamic course and risk assessment of the rockslides in the mountainous areas of the Southeast China. The findings can provide guidelines for processing the landslides with similar geological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamics of the East Asian spring rainband are investigated with a reanalysis dataset and station observations. Here, it is revealed that the rainband is anchored by external forcings. The midtropospheric jet core stays quasi-stationary around Japan. It has two branches in its entry region, which originate from the south and north flanks of the Tibetan Plateau and then run northeastward and southeastward, respectively. The southern branch advects warm air from the Tibetan–Hengduan Plateau northeastward, forming a rainband over southern China through causing adiabatic ascent motion and triggering diabatic feedback. The rainband is much stronger in spring than in autumn due to the stronger diabatic heating over the Tibetan–Hengduan Plateau, a more southward-displaced midtropospheric jet, and the resulting stronger warm advection over southern China. The northern jet branch forms a zonally elongated cold advection belt, which reaches a maximum around northern China, and then weakens and extends eastward to east of Japan. The westerly jet also steers strong disturbance activities roughly collocated with the cold advection belt via baroclinic instability. The high disturbance activities belt causes large cumulative warm advection (CWA) through drastically increasing extremely warm advection days on its eastern and south flanks, where weak cold advection prevails. CWA is more essential for monthly/seasonally rainfall than conventionally used time-average temperature advection because it is shown that strengthened warm advection can increase rainfall through positive diabatic feedback, while cold advection cannot cause negative rainfall. Thus, the rainband is collocated with the large CWA belt instead of the warm advection south of it. This rainband is jointed to the rainband over southern China, forming the long southwest–northeast-oriented East Asian spring rainband. Increasing moisture slightly displaces the rainband southeastward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determined the acute changes in kinematics and kinetics when an additional load equivalent to 5% body mass was attached to the torso during change of direction (COD). In this within-subject repeated measures study, 14 male soccer players (age: 18.29 ± 0.32 years) volunteered to participate. Subjects performed COD under two conditions in randomized order: (1) no WR, and (2) with WR. No significant differences between the loaded and unloaded conditions in actual COD angle, approach speed, braking time, propulsive time, contact time, COD completion time (all p > 0.05, ES = 0.05–0.11), and all measured kinematic parameters (all p > 0.05, ES = 0–0.18). Nonetheless, ankle plantar/dorsi flexion ROM had possibly small increase in the loaded condition (ES = 0.24). Kinetics analysis has shown that the loaded condition was likely to have small increase in relative peak vertical propulsive ground reaction force (GRF, p = 0.11, ES = 0.41), and possible small increases in relative peak braking GRF (vertical: p = 0.21, ES = 0.42; total: p = 0.22, ES = 0.38), relative peak total propulsive GRF (p = 0.24, ES = 0.26), and relative braking impulse (horizontal, vertical, and total; p = 0.27–0.41, ES = 0.26–0.28). WR did not significantly change the acute movement techniques, meanwhile induced small increases in important kinetic stimuli for potential adaptation in COD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degree of networking has a significant impact on the performance of venture capital firms. Conversely, social network analysis comprises the identification of furthermost prestigious and influential actors, so using social network analysis methods, this paper analyses the structural characteristics and dynamic evolution of venture capital (VC) networks in China and the USA from 2002 to 2017, with a focus on the node degree distribution, the network structure entropy, the centrality, the cliques, and the k-core. The findings from a panel dataset shows that, relative to the VC network in the USA, China's VC network entities are less integrated and less cooperative. Secondly, the degrees of venture capital firms in China and the USA obey the power law distribution, both with unbalanced distribution nodes and significant differences of the weights among different nodes. Based on the venture capital events this study measures the venture capital networks using important indicators and on the basis of this comparative analysis, optimisation strategies of investment networks against the risk are put forward to promote the development of Chinese agricultural science and technology enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limited diffusion of health technology has greatly halted the improvement of resource integration and healthcare outcomes. The importance of understanding the dynamics of health technology diffusion is increasingly highlighted. However, the dynamic mechanism of health technology diffusion in the context of the integrated care system (ICS) remained largely unknown. Purpose: To develop and validate the scale on Dynamics of Health Technology Diffusion in Integrated Care System (DHTDICS) for providing an instrument to investigate the health technology diffusion in the ICS in China, by taking the Des-gamma-Carboxy Prothrombin (DCP) test as an example. Methods: Based on previous classical theories such as the theory of planned behavior (TPB), technology acceptance model (TAM), and technology-organization-environment framework (TOE), the scale with 34 items was initially developed. It was tested in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey including 246 participants from February to August 2019 in China. Cronbach's alpha, corrected item-total correlation, and factor loadings were used to assess reliability. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to evaluate the validity by assessing factor structures and correlations. Results: Reliability analysis revealed excellent internal consistency. Acceptable validity was confirmed through tests of convergent validity and discriminant validity. Regarding the domains that DHTDICS contributes, the results highlighted 4 domains: personal beliefs (including dimensions of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control), technical drivers (including dimensions of ease of use and price rationality), organizational readiness (including dimensions of organizational culture, technology absorptive willingness and technology sharing willingness), and external environment (dimension of industry competition pressure). Conclusion: The findings confirmed the reliability and validity of the scale on DHTDICS. The scale will be not only a scientific tool in determining the dynamics of health technology diffusion in the ICS, but also a helpful reference for developing future interventions to promote health technology diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Icewine produced in China is becoming popular, but there is only limited knowledge available on the yeast population that occurs during fermentation and also on the selection of indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for its production. In this work, we first investigated yeast species and the evolution of yeast population in spontaneous fermentations of icewine produced in the Qilian region of China and then analyzed the biodiversity and important enological properties of S. cerevisiae isolates. RESULTS: Seven species of five genera including S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia aff. fructicola and H. osmophila were identified by the colony morphology on Wallerstein Laboratory Nutrient medium and sequence analysis of the 26S rRNA gene D1/D2 domain. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, H. uvarum and L. thermotolerans were the dominant species, representing almost 87% of the total yeast isolates. Microvinification with seven preselected S. cerevisiae strains were performed on Vidal. All selected strains could complete fermentations, and the enochemical parameters were within the acceptable ranges of the wine industry. W5B3 produced higher amounts of ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate than other strains. R3A10 was a low volatile acid producer and the corresponding icewine presented the highest values on some odorants including β‐damascenone, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, ethyl 2‐methylbutyrate, and isoamyl alcohol. Vidal icewines fermented with R3A10, R3A16 and W5B3 were well accepted by the judges because of superior sensory quality. CONCLUSION: Three indigenous strains (R3A10, R3A16 and W5B3) could be used as starters and could potentially improve the regional character of the icewine in Qilian. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are noncompulsory certifications persistently beneficial for incumbent firms across responsive subjects and across time in emerging institutions, given that they are likely to be conducive for start-ups suggested in prior studies? By exploring in emerging economy context with one cross-sectional and another longitudinal dataset of firms in China, we invoke legitimacy-based view to develop a concept named as institutional consciousness and find out distinctive effects of resource acquisitions from the public versus the government caused by noncompulsory certifications. Specifically, they on average only provide benefits toward achieving higher sales but trivial in obtaining subsidies whereas the two effects reverse from earlier years to late years when incorporating the temporal effects. This produces significant implications for entrepreneurs to acknowledge the distinguished roles of noncompulsory certifications to the different targets while enriches the legitimacy view of the significance of business strategies. The study further introduces a new perspective to disentangle the paradox of embedded agency issue in institutional changes while reminds the importance to treat the government as an organizational actor instead of fixed condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The isotopic compositions of the potential nitrate sources were analyzed for the DRR. • The spatiotemporal variations of nitrate sources and transformations were identified. • The first research achieving the quantification of nitrate sources in the DRR. • The nitrate dynamics were highly dependent on anthropogenic activities and climate. Nitrogen pollution is a serious environmental issue in the Danjiangkou Reservoir region (DRR), the water source of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China. In this research, seasonal surveys and a bi-weekly time series survey were conducted in the Qihe River Basin, one of the most densely populated agricultural basins in the DRR. Hydrochemical compositions (NO 3 − and Cl−), dual isotopes (δD-H 2 O, δ18O-H 2 O, δ15N-NO 3 −, and δ18O-NO 3 −), and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo isotope mixing model were jointly applied to unravel the sources, migrations, and transformations of the nitrate (NO 3 −) in the basin. It was revealed that the mixing between different sources was the main process controlling the isotopic compositions of the riverine NO 3 − in the upper-middle reaches. In contrast, denitrification occurred in the lower reaches. For the first time, the sources of NO 3 − were quantified at a basin scale in the DRR. Overall, the river transported 484.2 tons/year of NO 3 -N to the reservoir, of which 32.6%, 36.4%, 28.0%, and 3.0% was from soil organic nitrogen, chemical fertilizer, residential sewage and atmospheric precipitation, respectively. The NO 3 -N fluxes of the different sources were regulated by the monsoon climate and anthropogenic activities. For example, high precipitation and intense fertilization resulted in severe nonpoint source pollution. Denitrification thrived in soils and reservoirs in wet seasons. Temperature could regulate the migration, nitrification and denitrification processes. Based on the results, we suggest that the management strategies dealing with nitrogen pollution issue in the DRR should follow the specific spatiotemporal characteristics of NO 3 − sources, migration and transformation mechanisms. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Line-commutated converter based high voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmissions are widely applied in delivering large-capacity electricity in China. Multiple large-capacity LCC-HVDC transmissions strengthen dynamic coupling between AC and DC networks. Existing literature has reported some stability problems caused by dynamic interactions between AC and DC power grids, however, the mechanism behind these problems has not been totally understood and revealed. To analyze dynamic interactions between AC and DC power grids, this article presents a small-signal model to understand the external characteristics of LCC-HVDC stations based on the motion equation concept. Comparison of time-domain simulation response with the detailed switching model shows that the proposed model can hold main behaviors of concern. Dynamic interactions between AC and DC power grids are studied based on the proposed model in multi-infeed LCC-HVDC systems. Analytical results demonstrate that there exists power dynamics in receiving AC grid when sending AC grid subjects to a disturbance, and effects of converter stations’ controller parameters on power dynamics are explained by the physical relationship among state variables of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the long-term reanalysis datasets and the multivariate copula method, this study reveals that the frequency of summer hot drought events (SHDEs) over northeastern China (NEC) shows interdecadal variations during 1925–2010. It is revealed that the summer sea surface temperature (SST) over the North Atlantic has a significant positive correlation with the frequency of SHDEs over NEC on the decadal time scale, indicating a potential influence of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). Further analyses indicate that during the positive phases of the AMO, the warming SST over the North Atlantic can trigger a stationary Rossby wave originating from the North Atlantic, which splits into two wave trains propagating along two different routes. One is a zonally orientated wave train that resembles the Silk Road pattern, whereas the other is an arching wave train that resembles the polar–Eurasian pattern. A negative (positive) phase of the Silk Road pattern (polar–Eurasian pattern) may result in the weakened westerly wind along the jet stream, the downward vertical motion, and the anomalous positive geopotential center over NEC, providing favorable conditions for precipitation deficiency and high temperature and resulting in increased SHDEs. Thus, the Silk Road pattern and the polar–Eurasian pattern serve as linkages between the AMO and SHDEs over northeastern China in summer on the interdecadal time scale. Model simulations from CAM4 perturbed with warmer SST in the North Atlantic show precipitation deficiency and high temperature conditions over northeastern China in summer, supporting the potential impacts of the North Atlantic SST on SHDEs over northeastern China. The results suggest that the phase of the AMO should be taken into account in the decadal prediction of SHDEs over northeastern China in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Side-step cutting is the most common offensive technique in the field of sports that greatly increases the risk of knee injury. However, the biomechanical performance strategies and the characteristics of lower limb joint load during the side-step cutting are not very clear. OBJECTIVE: To carry out the biomechanics test of the side-step cutting in lower limb movement strategy among college female basketball and football players, and to analyze the kinematics and dynamics parameters of the lower limbs, providing an important reference for athletes and trainers to prevent lower limb injuries, especially cruciate ligament injury. METHODS: Twelve female football and basketball players coming from a university were selected as the experimental subjects. The kinematics and dynamics parameters of the side-step cutting were acquired synchronously by using the three-dimensional dynamometer and the motion image shooting system. The relevant data were processed and analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software. The study protocol was approved by Tianjin University of Sports in China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Football players had greater ankle metatarsal flexion angle and hip abduction angle, maximum ankle valgus angle, knee flexion and rotation angle with knee flexion and rotation angle changes. {2) Football players had greater peak ankle rotation and hip adduction moment, while basketball players had larger plantar flexion moment. (3} Basketball players have smaller first and second peak values of forward and backward partial braking force, the first peak value of vertical partial braking force and larger peak value of forward and backward partial pushing force. In the process of side-step cutting, football players are accustomed to stop in a sudden way with their forefeet touching, thus producing higher ground reaction force and increasing knee flexion angle to buffer, while having greater ankle valgus angle and knee rotation angle. Basketball players have smaller knee flexion angle in the process of side-step cutting. A smaller angle is not conducive to the lower limb joint to buffer the ground reaction force, and then increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolutionary economic geography literature explores the patterns of regional product evolution from the perspective of supply-side relatedness, leaving behind the role of demand-side relatedness. Using China's international trade data, this paper measures product-scale market relatedness and explores the impact of market relatedness on two-fold export dynamics, that is the entry of new products and the opening of new overseas markets. Our results show that the entry of new products may be driven by two kinds of power (supply-side relatedness and demand-side relatedness) at the same time. New products with strong market relatedness to locally-available products are more likely to enter the city's production network. However, strong market relatedness between products may result in path locking in overseas market expansion. In terms of mechanisms, product entry and overseas market exploitation are conditioned by the degree of the city's market competition and external demand, respectively. • Enrich the understanding of product relatedness from the perspective of demand-side, proposing the concept of market relatedness. • Construct the measuring method of market relatedness by drawing on the probability co-occurrence method. • Market relatedness may have both positive and negative impact on product dynamics. Specifically, market relatedness will promote the locally entry of new products, but hinder the development of new overseas markets. Market competition and external demand play moderating roles between market relatedness and product dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As highly social animals, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins ( Sousa chinensis ) exhibit community differentiation. Nevertheless, our understanding of the external and internal factors influencing these dynamics, as well as their spatiotemporal variations, is still limited. In the present study, variations in the social structure of an endangered Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin population in Xiamen Bay, China, were monitored over two distinct periods (2007-2010 and 2017-2019) to analyze the effects of habitat utilization and the composition of individuals within the population. In both periods, the population demonstrated a strikingly similar pattern of social differentiation, characterized by the division of individuals into two main clusters and one small cluster. Spatially, the two primary clusters occupied the eastern and western waters, respectively, although the core distribution area of the eastern cluster shifted further eastward between the two periods. Despite this distribution shift, the temporal stability of the social structure and inter-associations within the eastern cluster remained unaffected. A subset of 16 individuals observed in both periods, comprising 51.6% and 43.2% of the population in each respective period, emerged as a foundational element of the social structure and may be responsible for sustaining social structure stability, especially during the 2007-2010 period. These observations suggest that the composition of dominant individuals, an internal factor, had a more substantial influence on the formation of the social network than changes in habitat use, an external factor. Consequently, the study proposes distinct conservation measures tailored to each of the two main clusters.