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Background: A standardized national approach to routinely assessing palliative care patients helps improve patient outcomes. However, a quality improvement program-based on person centered outcomes within palliative care is lacking in Mainland China. The well-established Australian Palliative Care Outcome Collaboration (PCOC) national model improves palliative care quality. This study aimed to culturally adapt and validate three measures that form part of the PCOC program for palliative care clinical practice in China: The PCOC Symptom Assessment Scale (PCOC SAS), Palliative Care Problem Severity Scale (PCPSS), Palliative Care Phase. Methods: A study was conducted on cross-cultural adaptation and validation of PCOC SAS, PCPSS and Palliative Care Phase, involving translation methods, cognitive interviewing, and psychometric testing through paired assessments. Results: Cross-cultural adaptation highlighted the need to strengthen the link between the patient's care plan and the outcome measures to improve outcomes, and the concept of distress in PCOC SAS. Analysis of 368 paired assessments (n = 135 inpatients, 22 clinicians) demonstrated that the PCOC SAS and PCPSS had good and acceptable coherence (Cronbach's a = 0.85, 0.75 respectively). Palliative Care Phase detected patients' urgent needs. PCOC SAS and PCPSS showed fair discriminant and concurrent validity. Inter-rater reliability was fair for Palliative Care Phase (k = 0.31) and PCPSS (k = 0.23–0.30), except for PCPSS-pain, which was moderate (k = 0.53). Conclusions: The Chinese version of PCOC SAS, PCPSS, and Palliative Care Phase can be used to assess outcomes as part of routine clinical practice in Mainland China. Comprehensive clinical education regarding the assessment tools is necessary to help improve the inter-rater reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 13 November 2019, seven commercial aircraft of China Eastern Airlines encountered nine severe-or-greater clear-air turbulence (CAT) events over central and eastern China within 12 h (0000–1200 UTC). These events mainly occurred at altitudes between 6.0 and 6.7 km. A high-resolution nested numerical simulation is carried out using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to investigate the generation mechanism of these CAT events, with a horizontal resolution of 1 km over the inner domain. In addition, seven CAT diagnostics with outstanding performances are employed for the mechanism analysis. The WRF Model can reasonably reproduce both synoptic-scale systems (Siberian high and upper-level jet stream) and local vertical structures (temperature, dewpoint temperature, and wind field). The simulation indicates that an upper-level front–jet system with a remarkable meridional temperature gradient intensifies over central and eastern China, with the maximum wind speed increasing from 59.0 to 67.3 m s−1. The intensification of the front–jet system induces the tropopause folding, and nine localized CAT events occur in the region with large vertical wind shear (VWS) (1.55 × 10−2–2.53 × 10−2 s−1) and small Richardson numbers (Ri) (0.42–0.85) below the cyclonic side of the jet stream. Diagnostic analysis reveals that Kelvin–Helmholtz instability plays an important role in CAT generation, while convective and inertial instability is not directly associated with CAT generation in this study. A typical flight case with continuous CAT events also suggests that large VWS (greater than 1.3 × 10−2 s−1) accompanied with small Ri (less than 1) favors CAT generation in a front–jet system environment. Significance Statement: A high-resolution nested numerical simulation is carried out using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to investigate the generation mechanism of nine severe-or-greater clear-air turbulence (CAT) events over central and eastern China. Intensification of a front–jet system induces tropopause folding, and nine CAT events occur in the region with large vertical wind shear (greater than 1.55 × 10−2 s−1) and small Richardson numbers (less than 0.85) below the cyclonic side of the jet stream. Kelvin–Helmholtz instability plays an important role in the CAT generation, rather than convective and inertial instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air turbulence, especially the clear-air turbulence (CAT), always affects flight safety. Based on six CAT diagnostics and ERA5 reanalysis data, the spatiotemporal characteristics of CAT potential in the middle and upper troposphere in China during 1979–2020 and the possible mechanisms are analyzed in this study. The results show that CAT occurs the most frequently in winter and spring at 250–300 and 200–225 hPa, respectively. In general, CAT occurs relatively less in summer and autumn. Moreover, the CAT potential decreases with altitude in each season, and the high-magnitude centers gradually move northward and eastward accompanied with a rising motion from winter to summer. During 1979–2020, the CAT potential shows clear increasing trends in most of China in winter, while decreasing trends in most regions in summer. In the "high CAT frequency region (HCFR, 75–135° E, 25–45° N)", the CAT potential has been significantly increasing in winter and decreasing in summer. Mechanism analysis indicates that the spatiotemporal distribution of East Asian subtropical westerly jet is well correlated with the CAT potential in the HCFR, with the spatial (temporal) correlation coefficients greater than 0.75 (0.54). In addition, the geopotential height pattern in various regions, the zonal circulation in the Eurasia and Atlantic, the Polar Vortex, the Subtropical High, and the sea surface temperature all have significant impact on the CAT in the HCFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To characterize the adaptability of strip tillage for wheat production in a rice–wheat rotation system in China, a two-year experiment was conducted. Three methods of tillage and sowing were designed, including broadcast and drill sowing following full tillage (TS1 and TS2) as well as drill sowing following strip tillage (TS3), under two planting densities. Compared to TS2, TS1 only increased seedling tiller number (by 17%–54%) at the beginning of the over-wintering stage, while TS3 improved tiller number, leaf area, and shoot weight (by 17%–39%, 14%–15%, and 19%–27%, respectively), achieving individual seedlings with improved growth vigor. An increased planting density (300 vs. 225 plants m−2) significantly promoted culms, leaf area, and shoot weight per m2 seedlings (by 8%–14%, 7%–23%, and 11%–19%, respectively) under TS3, improving seedling growth quality. The present results indicate that vigorous seedling growth promoted the potential and synergy of the source and sink (maximum leaf area, grains per m2, and sink–source ratio), thereby increasing grain yield. Furthermore, TS3 promoted nitrogen (N) uptake (by 7%–9%) compared with TS1 and TS2. The present study highlights the good adaptability and applicability of strip tillage for the environmentally conscious and efficient production of wheat in rice–wheat rotation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the in situ aircraft observations in the middle and higher troposphere in 2019. These aircraft observations are mainly distributed in China, and relatively evenly recorded between 0000 and 1500 UTC in time and 6 and 10 km in height. Based on the 3395 stronger clear-air turbulence (CAT) events and 4038 weaker CAT events selected from the observations in the study region (15°–55°N, 70°–140°E), the performances of 24 CAT diagnostics calculated from the ERA5 data are evaluated. Results show that the diagnostics connected with vertical wind shear (i.e., version 1 of the North Carolina State University index, negative Richardson number, variant 3 and variant 1 of Ellrod's turbulence index) have the best performances. However, the performances vary greatly from season to season, and overall performances are the best in winter and worst in summer. The annual and seasonal best thresholds for these diagnostics are also listed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing soil properties to match ecological conditions can alleviate stress damage and promote crop growth. However, the suitable soil conditions for wheat growth in an integrated rice–wheat breeding scheme under high rainfall and the mechanisms that affect yield production are not well known. Field experiments were carried out at two sites, which were all located in Jiangsu Province, China, a subtropical monsoon climate zone during two wheat growing seasons, to assess the effects of plow tillage followed by rotary tillage (PR) and no-tillage (NT) on soil physical and chemical properties, wheat seedling growth, grain yield, and spike amounts and quality. The finding indicates that with the reduction in soil mixing, soil bulk density was higher in NT than in PR, which helped to maintain moisture in dry soil. In soils with high water content, in NT, when the wheat field was subjected to waterlogging stress, the drainage decreased to deeper soil possibly due to reduced infiltration and a higher evaporation of surface water. The diurnal variation in soil temperature decreased in NT, and when the soil was cold, NT helped to insulate soils at 0–25 cm. Compared with PR, the contents of available nitrogen and phosphorus increased at 0–20 cm in NT. Root biomass and root activity of wheat seedlings at 0–20 cm were also greater in NT than in PR. Compared with PR, wheat also had more culms at the beginning of the overwintering stage, more spikes, and higher grain yield in NT, but the differences were not significant under excessive soil moisture. Therefore, the soil hydrothermal environment and spatial distributions of nutrients in NT promoted shallow root growth and tiller development in the early phase of wheat growth, which led to higher amounts of spikes per plant that resulted in high-yielding wheat crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvements in grain yield and nitrogen (N)-use efficiency (NUE) are being sought to combat the excessive application of N fertilizer in the rice-wheat rotation system in China. Improving N-uptake efficiency (NUpE) is expected to explore the synergy of grain yield and NUE, but the accumulation and remobilization of N in wheat with high NUpE is still obscure. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to study how to improve NUpE through crop management of planting densities, N application splits, and wheat growth stages when the last N was topdressed. In both years, NUpE was significantly positively related to grain yield and NUE. Comparing with the low and medium NUpE groups (grouping the treatments using cluster analysis of NUpE), the high NUpE group had more total N accumulation as a result of absorbing abundant N from re-greening (Zadoks growth stage, GS25) to anthesis (GS60), and higher N accumulation in grains mainly due to increasing N remobilization from the vegetative organs. Our results indicated that improving the planting density (from 150 to 225 plants m−2) promoted N accumulation before stem elongation (GS30). Late application of more N fertilizers (N application splits 3:1:3:3 versus 5:1:2:2) and relatively early application of the last N portion [topdressing when the flag leaf was visible (GS37) or at booting (GS45) versus topdressing at heading (GS55) or anthesis] boosted N accumulation from stem elongation to anthesis. Finally, a combination of agronomic measures was proposed to achieve high yield and NUE through promoting pre-anthesis N accumulation and NUpE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Requirements for Human Embryonic Stem Cells' is the first set of guidelines on human embryonic stem cells in China, jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research. This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, test regulations, instructions for use, labelling requirements, packaging requirements, storage requirements and transportation requirements for human embryonic stem cells, which is applicable to the quality control for human embryonic stem cells. It was originally released by the China Society for Cell Biology on 26 February 2019 and was further revised on 30 April 2020. We hope that publication of these guidelines will promote institutional establishment, acceptance and execution of proper protocols, and accelerate the international standardization of human embryonic stem cells for applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chive midge, Bradysia odoriphaga , is a major insect pest affecting Chinese chive production in China. Its adult life stage is nonfeeding and has a short life span. Hence, the perception of chemical stimuli is important for its adult behavior and reproductive success. To better understand its chemosensory process at the molecular level, chemosensory receptor genes were identified based on transcriptomes of B. odoriphaga. In total, 101 chemosensory genes were identified from the antenna and body transcriptomes, including 71 odorant receptors (ORs), 18 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 5 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 7 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of these genes have homologs among other Dipteran insects. A transcript abundance comparison based on FPKM values was conducted to analyze the sex- and tissue-specific expression profiles of these chemosensory genes. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR of OR transcripts was performed on different tissues (female antennae, male antennae, heads, and legs) to verify the transcriptional expression levels of ORs in the transcriptomes. This analysis suggested that 44 ORs showed significantly higher expression in the female antennae, while 16 OR transcripts were most highly expressed in the male antennae and may play significant roles in sex pheromone detection. In addition, some IRs and GRs might be involved in CO2 and sugar detection and temperature sensing. In the present study, 101 chemosensory genes were identified, and their putative functions were predicted. This work could provide a basis to facilitate functional clarification of these chemosensory genes at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) weather reports are a type of high spatiotemporal data currently widely used in weather monitoring and prediction. A recent Chinese AMDAR project began in 2003 has made rapid progress. However, the assessment and accuracy of these Chinese AMDAR reports have yet to be thoroughly discussed. A comparison of temperature and wind observations between Chinese AMDAR reports and rawinsonde data between 2004 and 2010 is conducted in this paper. Results demonstrate that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between these two sets of data is 1.40°C for temperature, 3.56 m s−1 for wind speed, and 28° for wind direction. Because of the particularity of observation and inversion method, comparison results are not only affected by AMDAR measurement and reporting error but also by spatial and temporal representativeness, flight phases, and the environment. This evaluation helps create a complete estimation of the accuracy of Chinese AMDAR in order to assist with data assimilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate and efficient screening of waterlogging-tolerant cultivars is an effective way to mitigate waterlogging damages. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of 28 wheat varieties mainly planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, under control and waterlogging conditions. When the 15-day waterlogging that was initiated at the third-leaf stage was completed, the aboveground dry weight, plant height, leaf number on main stem, culm number, leaf area, and SPAD readings of wheat seedlings were significantly decreased by 14%, 11%, 6%, 13%, 14%, and 15% compared with the control treatment (maintaining approximately 80% of field capacity), respectively. The results showed that the percentage reductions in the dry weight and leaf area under stress accurately represented the influence of the majority of the measured agronomic traits and were significantly negatively correlated with the respective dry weight and leaf area of different cultivars under waterlogging. This suggests that dry weight and leaf area can be used as agronomic traits for screening waterlogging-tolerant cultivars. The comprehensive evaluation value of waterlogging tolerance (CEVW) was closely related to the percentage reduction in dry weight, plant height, culm number, leaf area, and SPAD reading. The range of CEVW was 0.187–0.819, indicating a wide variation in the waterlogging tolerance of the wheat cultivars. Comparing the top-view images, the phenotypic texture parameters (dissimilarity, homogeneity, and angular second moment (ASM)) extracted from the side-view images better reflected the dry weight, plant height, and leaf area under different water treatments. The percentage reduction in ASM had the strongest correlation with CEVW (root mean square error = 0.109); thus, the ASM is recommended as a suitable phenotypic parameter to evaluate waterlogging tolerance. The present results provide references for the rapid and intelligent screening of waterlogging-tolerant wheat cultivars, but future studies need to consider the stress evaluation of the adult plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming has changed the suitability of areas traditionally planted with crops, raising concerns about cereal security. To investigate the possibilities and constraints of increasing yields by breaking through traditional area plantings of wheat cultivars, a two-year field experiment was conducted in southern and northern locations in the Yangtze River basin (YRB), China (separated by approximately 180 km), with seven weak-winter types and six semi-winter types, respectively, bred for the two regions. The movement of weak-winter-type cultivars to the north increased or did not change grain yield and their grain yields were not significantly higher than those of local semi-winter-type cultivars. The movement of semi-winter-type cultivars to the south significantly decreased their yields. Thus, breaking through traditional area plantings did not significantly increase grain yields compared with those of local wheat cultivars. Grain yield of wheat planted in the northern YRB was higher by 5 to 20% than that in the southern YRB because of an increase in spikes that resulted from a longer spike formation phase. In addition, the post-anthesis leaf area declined more slowly in the northern YRB because of higher main stem and tiller survival. High-yielding cultivars always had more spikes and larger photosynthetic areas after anthesis than those of low-yielding cultivars regardless of the planting locations, which led to increases in post-anthesis biomass. However, the grain yield of different cultivars was highly variable under different environmental conditions. The coefficient of variation (CV) of grain yield in different cultivars was significantly positively correlated with the CV of spike number and post-anthesis biomass, implying that flexibility spike number and post-anthesis biomass in response to environmental changes can maximize release of yield potential. Therefore, improving main stem and tiller survival can increase spike number and maintain post-anthesis photosynthetic areas and help to establish a large, highly stable, and productive population with a high level of suitability and production through effectively utilizing the resources during the late growth phase. Valuable suggestions for breeding high-yield and -stability cultivars and confirming their planting range in the future are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rice-wheat rotation system, conventional culturing of high yield rice results in poor soil conditions and excessive residues, which negatively affect wheat growth. Tillage and nitrogen (N) use are being sought to address this problem. In order to propose a suitable tillage method and corresponding N management strategy, the influence of three tillage methods (i.e., plow tillage followed by rotary tillage (PR), rotary tillage twice (RR), and no-tillage (NT)) and nine forms of N management strategies (i.e., three total N rates × three N-splitting schemes) were investigated in a field experiment from 2016 to 2017 (2017) and 2017 to 2018 (2018), using grain yield, grain protein content (GPC), N uptake efficiency (NUpE), and net returns as evaluation indexes. Grain yield, GPC, and net returns were lower in 2017 than 2018, likely as a result of weak seedling growth caused by high soil moisture before and after seeding. In 2017, NT achieved higher grain yield, NUpE, and net returns compared to PR or RR, while grain yield and net returns were higher under tillage in 2018, especially PR. Increased total N rates (210–270 kg ha−1) promoted all evaluation indexes, but suitable timing and corresponding rates of N application are dependent on the environment. These results indicate that the combination of NT and applying N at lower rates and only a few times (i.e., 168 and 72 kg ha−1 applied at pre-sowing and when flag leaves are visible) when the soil is not suitable for tillage is the best method for cutting costs and improving benefits. Under suitable conditions for tillage, PR and intensive management strategies (i.e., 135, 27, 54, and 54 kg ha−1 applied at pre-sowing, four-leaf, jointing, and booting, respectively) could be adopted to increase overall yield, quality, and benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Waterlogging caused yield reductions in wheat with greater yield losses in modern cultivars than in older ones. • Synergcistic improvements in yield components contributed to the establishment of high- and stable-yield cultivars. • Promoting the photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf facilitated the selection of high- and stable-yield cultivars. Frequent waterlogging events have severely constrained wheat production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China (YR). Understanding the effects of waterlogging on agronomic traits and grain yield in historic wheat cultivars can help establish strategies for stable- and high-yield breeding programs. We conducted a two-year field experiment using 10 winter wheat cultivars that were released and widely planted in YR from 1967 to 2010. Ten days of waterlogging were imposed on plants beginning at stem elongation (Zadoks growth stage, GS33). Grain yield was improved with the year of cultivar release, gaining 53 kg ha−1 yr−1 (0.6% yr−1) under normal watering condition and 35 kg ha−1 yr−1 (0.51% yr-1) under waterlogging treatment from 1967 to 2010, showing that waterlogging tolerance declined with cultivar improvement. Yield improvement was primarily due to the synergistic development of kernels per spike and 1000-kernel weight, as well as the increased harvest index from the 1960s to 1990s and the increased total biomass from the 1990s to 2000s. Furthermore, genetic improvement significantly increased post-anthesis biomass, leaf area at milk-ripe (GS75), and net photosynthetic rate in flag leaf. Due to waterlogging, kernels per spike, sing-spike yield, total biomass, post-anthesis biomass, leaf area at milk-ripe decreased more with the year of cultivar release, but we did not find a significant reduction in spikes per m2, 1000-kernel weight, and harvest index across cultivars. Grain yield and single-spike yield were significantly and positively correlated with leaf area at milk-ripe, as well as net photosynthetic rate in flag leaf. However, their reductions were only significantly correlated with the reduction in leaf area. Moreover, waterlogging did not significantly affect flag leaf area. This study suggests that improving the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaf will assist in the selection of new wheat varieties with waterlogging-tolerance and high-yields. Further studies are required to investigate the responses of wheat canopy architecture and photosynthesis to waterlogging and their functions for crop yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequent waterlogging near anthesis is a primary constraint for wheat production in the Yangtze River Basin, China. This study aimed to identify the critical stage for waterlogging on wheat yield and its components and identify the possible factors determining this stage. In the first experiment (E1), we evaluated three varieties and initiated a 10-day waterlogging starting at the stem elongation (S1), booting (S2), and anthesis (S3) stages. In the second experiment (E2), waterlogging was applied at the stem elongation (S1) and anthesis (S3) stages and for three durations (five, 10, and 15 days). In E1, waterlogging at S1 and S2 resulted in a lower grain yield than at S3. In the second year of E1, grain yield under waterlogging at S1 and S3 was similar but significantly lower than under waterlogging conditions at S2. Waterlogging at S1 and S2 greatly decreased the kernel number per spike and 1000-kernel weight, but waterlogging at S3 only decreased the 1000-kernel weight. Moreover, different varieties did not change the stages mostly reducing grain yield and yield components. In E2, grain yield decreased with prolonged exposure to waterlogging and was significantly lower under 15-day conditions than the five-day conditions. There was no significant interaction between the stage and duration of waterlogging. Finally, our results indicate that in yield formation, a greater reliance on kernel weight instead of the kernel number per spike can contribute to a reduction in yield loss for waterlogging at S1 and S2. This study, therefore, indicates that the stem elongation stage is the most affected by waterlogging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing patients' sense of dignity is the core element of high-quality palliative care. In Western countries, dignity therapy has shown promising positive effects on the sense of dignity and end-of-life experience. To apply this therapy in Chinese patients, a theory-driven, culturally relevant family-oriented dignity therapy was developed, guided by the Medical Research Council framework for complex intervention development. This study examined the effectiveness of family-oriented dignity therapy in improving dignity-related distress, depression, and spiritual well-being in Chinese patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. A randomised controlled trial. Patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer and undergoing chemotherapy were recruited using convenience sampling from a cancer hospital in Changsha, China. A significant family caregiver of each patient was invited to participate. Patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate (N = 120) were randomly assigned to receive family-oriented dignity therapy (intervention group, n = 60) or attention (control group, n = 60). The Patient Dignity Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Spiritual Well-being Scale were used to assess dignity-related distress, depression, and spiritual well-being, respectively, at baseline and 1- and 4-week follow-up. A generalised estimating equation was used to analyse the intervention effects across the time points. Compared with the control group, the patients in the intervention group showed significantly greater reduction in existential distress (β: −1.372, 95% CI: −2.269, −0.472; p = 0.003) and depression (β: −3.430, 95% CI: −5.032, −1.829; p < 0.001) at week one, as well as significantly greater improvement in spiritual well-being at both week one (β: 3.705, 95% CI: 0.599, 6.811; p = 0.019) and week four (β: 4.939, 95% CI: 0.476, 9.401; p = 0.030). Family-oriented dignity therapy has the potential to relieve existential distress and depressive symptoms and improve spiritual well-being. We expect our finding to impact research on family-oriented dignity therapy and enhance its effectiveness. We may also have an impact on nursing practice by providing a means to initiate conversations between nurses and the patients and family caregivers to relieve the psychosocial distress of patients during treatment. This study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR1900020806). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objectives: Kidney transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage kidney disease. Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are prone to experiencing reduced physical function, depression, fatigue, and lack of exercise motivation due to their sedentary lifestyle before surgery. Exercise is an effective intervention for KTRs, but it has not been properly implemented in many practice settings. This project aimed to promote evidence-based exercises as part of KTRs' rehabilitation to improve their health outcomes., Methods: This project was informed by the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework. The project was conducted in the organ transplant ward of a tertiary comprehensive hospital in Changsha, China. Based on a summary of best evidence, 12 audit criteria were developed for the baseline and follow-up audits involving 30 patients and 20 nursing staff. The JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) and Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) tool were used to identify barriers and facilitators and develop targeted strategies to improve issues., Results: Compared with the baseline audit, significant improvements were achieved in most of the criteria in the follow-up audit, with 9 of the 12 criteria reaching 100% compliance. Notably, the 6-minute walk distance test results were significantly higher, while the Self-Rating Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores were significantly lower ( p < 0.05)., Conclusions: This project demonstrates that evidence-based practice can improve the clinical practice of rehabilitation exercises for KTRs. The GRiP strategies proved to be extremely useful, notably, the formulation of a standardized rehabilitation exercise protocol, training, and enhancement of the exercising environment. Head nurses' leadership and decision-making also played an important role in the success of this project., Spanish Abstract: http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A180., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 JBI. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.)

Advance care planning (ACP) is designed to ensure that patients lacking autonomous decision-making capacity receive medical services in accordance with their expectations and preferences. Individuals with advanced cancer are a crucial target for ACP implementation. However, the current practice of ACP in this group in China is suboptimal, demanding high-quality implementation evidence to strengthen ACP in the clinical practice of patients with advanced cancer. The existing literature can be summarized into 27 pieces of evidence across 7 dimensions, including initiation time, intervention content, intervention providers, intervention modalities, communication skills, outcome indicators, and environmental support. The aforementioned evidence could provide crucial support for improving ACP implementation for patients with advanced cancer. Subsequent research efforts should integrate patient preferences and explore the most suitable implementation strategies for ACP in the Chinese population with advanced cancer, considering diverse aspects such as traditional culture, ACP education and training, legislative support, and healthcare system refinement.

During the past decade, cognitive neuroscience has been calling for population diversity to address the challenge of validity and generalizability, ushering in a new era of population neuroscience. The developing Chinese Color Nest Project (devCCNP, 2013-2022), the first ten-year stage of the lifespan CCNP (2013-2032), is a two-stages project focusing on brain-mind development. The project aims to create and share a large-scale, longitudinal and multimodal dataset of typically developing children and adolescents (ages 6.0-17.9 at enrolment) in the Chinese population. The devCCNP houses not only phenotypes measured by demographic, biophysical, psychological and behavioural, cognitive, affective, and ocular-tracking assessments but also neurotypes measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain morphometry, resting-state function, naturalistic viewing function and diffusion structure. This Data Descriptor introduces the first data release of devCCNP including a total of 864 visits from 479 participants. Herein, we provided details of the experimental design, sampling strategies, and technical validation of the devCCNP resource. We demonstrate and discuss the potential of a multicohort longitudinal design to depict normative brain growth curves from the perspective of developmental population neuroscience. The devCCNP resource is shared as part of the "Chinese Data-sharing Warehouse for In-vivo Imaging Brain" in the Chinese Color Nest Project (CCNP) - Lifespan Brain-Mind Development Data Community ( https://ccnp.scidb.cn ) at the Science Data Bank., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Background: A large number of nurses across China joined the anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) front-line in Hubei province, where the local healthcare system faced unprecedented challenges in the early 2020. Few studies have reported the psychological experiences of nurses from other regions who voluntarily participated in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei province., Aim: To describe the psychological experiences of nurses who were involved in the anti-COVID-19 pandemic battle in Hubei province from January to April 2020., Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study using purposive and snowball sampling strategies for participant recruitment. Twenty-four nurses were approached and twenty-one of them completed telephone interviews in April 2020. The interviews took an average of 75 min (range 34-140 min). Data were analyzed thematically after verbatim transcription of the interviews., Results: Our analysis generated three primary themes: (I) Contexts; (II) Psychological responses; and (III) Coping strategies (most participants identified suitable coping strategies including relaxing activities and seeking social support). Participants' psychological responses varied in four phases of the journey through the experience: (i) initiation phase: obligations and concerns/fears; (ii) transition phase: from overwhelmed to increased confidence; (iii) adaptation phase: a sense of achievement and exhaustion; and (iv) completion phase: professional and personal growth., Conclusion: Nurses had concerns, fears, and faced challenges working on the COVID-19 front-line. However, they were motivated by a strong sense of professional commitment. Most nurses successfully achieved personal and professional growth as they identified a range of coping strategies. Future research is needed to explore the long-term impact of the COVID-19 related working experiences on these nurses., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wang, Zhong, Ding, Chen, Jiao and Huang.)

Microplastics in bivalves have caused widespread concern due to their potential health risk to humans. In this study, microplastics in the digestive systems of four locally cultured bivalve species (scallop Chlamys farreri, mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, oyster Crassostrea gigas, and clam Ruditapes philippinarum) in Qingdao, China, were analyzed and detected in 233 out of 290 bivalve samples (80%) over four seasons. The microplastic abundance in four species of bivalves ranged between 0.5 and 3.3 items/individual or 0.3 and 20.1 items/g wet weight digestive system, with significant species-specific and region-specific differences but no season-specific differences. Microfiber was the most predominant shape of all microplastics found. Eighteen types of polymer with diameters between 7 and 5000 μm were identified by μ-FT-IR (505 of 587 suspected items identified as microplastics) with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and rayon being the most abundant ones. Bivalves collected in summer contained more larger-sized microplastics. R. philippinarum accumulated more smaller-sized microplastics and showed different microplastic features compared with the other three species of bivalves. By comparing and analyzing the microplastic polymer types between each bivalve species and the ambient environment, microplastic in clam can best reflect the variability of microplastic polymer types in sediment among different areas. Mussels can reflect the variability of microplastic polymer types in water to an extent. Therefore, clam and mussel are recommended to serve as bioindicators for microplastic pollution in the sediment and water, respectively. The occurrence of microplastics pollution in bivalves worldwide is wide, and bivalves can act as the transporter of microplastics to humans. Our results suggest that bivalves have an important role as environmental bioindicators and the pollution of microplastics in bivalves needs attention., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The ingestion of microplastics by shellfish pose a potential health risk for human via seafood consumption. This study investigated and compared the contamination levels and potential human health risks of microplastics in the digestive system of commercial shellfish from North (Qingdao) and South (Xiamen) China. Microplastics were detected in 70%-100% of shellfish samples from Qingdao and 70%-90% of shellfish samples from Xiamen, with abundances ranging from 1.2 to 4.1 items/individual (or 0.8-4.4 items/g, wet weight of digestive system) in shellfish from Qingdao and 1.3-6.0 items/individual (or 2.1-4.0 items/g) in shellfish from Xiamen. The microplastic composition was dominated by rayon and tended to be fibrous in shape, and white, black, and transparent in color. Microplastics <500 μm were the dominant size range, in which the size range of 100-200 μm was the most abundant size. Features of microplastics in the water-dwelling shellfish were different from those of the sediment-dwelling shellfish, and the microplastic features in the shellfish correlated with the sampling region, shellfish length, total wet body weight, and wet weight of the digestive system. Risk assessment results revealed that the potential human health risk posed by microplastics from the digestive system of commercial shellfish was higher in Qingdao than Xiamen., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The distribution characteristics, correlation, and bioavailability of 14 trace elements in different fishes and corals collected from the coral-reef systems of the Xisha Islands, China were systematic studied for the first time. All detected elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after pretreatment by microwave digestion. The fishes had slight differences in element enrichment selectivity and bioavailability with average levels as follows: V, 0.100 mg·kg -1 ; Cr, 0.683 mg·kg -1 ; Mn, 1.178 mg·kg -1 ; Fe, 51.806 mg·kg -1 ; Co, 0.072 mg·kg -1 ; Ni, 1.286 mg·kg -1 ; Cu, 1.428 mg·kg -1 ; Zn, 10.384 mg·kg -1 ; As, 6.437 mg·kg -1 ; Se, 0.830 mg·kg -1 ; Mo, 0.101 mg·kg -1 ; Cd, 0.051 mg·kg -1 ; Pb, 0.308 mg·kg -1 ; and U, 0.008 mg·kg -1 . Trace element contents in corals were higher than those in fishes. The distribution characteristics of trace elements in fishes and corals presented a significant correlation in North Reef and Yongle Atoll, thereby indicating an evident effect on living areas compared with trace elements in fishes from the Spratly Islands. Cluster analysis of fishes and corals based on trace elements showed that they had different selectivities and bioavailabilities to trace elements. The EDI and THQ ratios of Cu, As, Cd, Cr, and Pb demonstrated that fishes were unlikely to experience serious adverse effects, except for As in Chaetodon auriga, Myripristis kuntee, Gnathodentex aureolineatus, and Hemigymnus melapterus in Xisha Islands., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The impacts of microplastics on coral reefs are gaining attention due to findings that microplastics affect coral health. This work investigated the distribution and characteristics of microplastics in the seawater, fish, and corals in 3 atolls from the Xisha Islands of South China Sea. In the seawater samples, microplastics were detected in the outer reef slopes, reef flats, and lagoons with abundances ranging from 0.2 to 11.2, 1.0 to 12.2, and 1.0 to 45.2 items L -1 , respectively. Microplastic abundance was 0-12.0 items individual -1 (0-4.7 items g -1 ) in fish and 1.0-44.0 items individual -1 (0.02-1.3 items g -1 ) in coral. The predominant shape and polymer of microplastics in seawater, fish, and coral were fibrous rayon and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Microplastic sizes primarily ranged from 20-330 μm in both the seawater and fish, while there were relatively more 1-5 mm microplastics in the corals. The shape, size, color, and polymer type distribution patterns of microplastics in seawater more closely resembled those in fish gills than those in fish gastrointestinal tracts or coral samples. This study shows that microplastics are abundant in these coral reef systems and they are captured by fish or "trapped" by corals.