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South Asian countries have not yet established a local high-speed railway standard system. Countries where the "the Belt and Road Initiative" cooperation projects are located, such as Indonesia Yavan High-speed Railway and Thailand Bangkok-Nakhon Ratchasima high-speed railway, are all based on the technical standards of China's high-speed railway. Due to different national conditions, China's high-speed railway standards cannot be directly applied to high-speed railway projects in Southeast Asia. Based on the specific cases of Indonesia Yavan High-speed Railway and Thailand Bangkok -Nakhon Ratchasima High-speed Railway Project, this paper analyzes the adaptability of China's high-speed railway track design standards in Southeast Asia from the aspects of the main design principles, engineering materials, rail sizing, track structure selection, prefabricated track slab, and continuous welded rail. The main conclusions are as follows: (1)The reinforcement and concrete can be made of local materials, which should be reasonably selected by comparing the strength, chemical element content and other characteristics. (2) The steel rails in Southeast Asian countries and regions are generally imported from China. Therefore, the sizing of rail needs to take into account the influence factors such as port hoisting infrastructure, existing marine conditions, overseas road and railway transportation, and 50 m rail is recommended. (3) In combination with local climate conditions, the ballastless track structure shall be reasonably optimized from the perspective of economy, and the ordinary reinforced concrete track slab can be used. (4) The technology of China/s seamless line technology can fully adapt to the line conditions in Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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China is the main technology research and development country in the world’s bamboo industry, as well as the main producer and exporter of bamboo products. It ranks at the international leading level in terms of bamboo forest area, stock volume, bamboo product output and scientific research level. However, through literature review, it is found that the development of bamboo products in the modern social environment still faces many challenges. The author searched the keyword “bamboo product design” through CNKI and SCOPUS database systems, and initially retrieved 562 literatures. According to the screening criteria “Bamboo Product Design Status and Strategies”, and excluding redundant and repetitive studies, 76 papers were finally screened and identified. The author uses the A-type graphical tool of the KJ method to combine, classify and analyze the keywords in the “problem” literature, and use the relationship between these materials to organically combine and summarize these facts. It is found that there is a gap in capability between bamboo product designers and craftsmen. What is the gap between them? How to narrow the gap between them and improve their design capability? This is the research question of this study. To a certain extent, it is one of the key factors for the insufficient design innovation of bamboo products and the inability to meet consumer demands. Therefore, this study constructs a strategic framework of five capability dimensions by reviewing the literature on design capability management, combining product design standards and design capability demand theory, and incorporating the unique relevant factors of bamboo product design. The framework aims to improve the knowledge system and professional capability of craftsmen and designers to enhance the diversification and innovation of bamboo products, help the bamboo industry to clarify the market positioning of products, and meet people’s needs for bamboo products in modern life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subgrade is the foundation of railway construction, so its strength and stability are very important to ensure the safety and stability of a train. Loess is widely distributed in northwestern China, and it must be stabilized before being used in railway subgrade construction because loess is sensitive to water. Railway subgrade withstands not only the train load but also repeated attacks from the environment and climate because it has to be exposed to natural environment after construction. Therefore, the strength of cement-stabilized loess deteriorates continuously because of the above factors. Taking account of long-term stability, the influences of load on the cement-stabilized loess as well as the strength reduction laws of cement-stabilized loess under wet–dry cycling and freeze–thaw cycling were analyzed in this study. Additionally, the respective reduction coefficients were obtained. Finally, the strength design criteria of cement-stabilized loess subgrade were put forward based on railway subgrade durability by analyzing the obtained reduction coefficients and the critical dynamic strength of railway subgrade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by guiding passive architectural design and HVAC system design, the present study is aimed to propose design criteria of built thermal environment for Hot Summer & Warm Winter zone of China. During the four years from 2008 to 2012, thermal comfort field studies were conducted on 32 urban buildings and 270 rural buildings, more than 500 persons were involved and 3894 sets of raw data that contain thermal acceptability, thermal behaviors and physical parameters were collected. Data of using split air-conditioners was also collected in living rooms, bedrooms and dorms. Based on the data, the acceptable range was determined for environments of naturally ventilation, using fans and using air-conditioners respectively, and accordingly the design criteria of built thermal environment were proposed. The 80% acceptable range of indoor air temperature for naturally ventilated spaces was specified as 18.0–29.5 °C for urban buildings and ≤29.5 °C for rural buildings under the air speed conditions provided by opening windows and using fans. The upper limit of the range can be raised by 1–2 °C by effectively improving indoor humidity and radiation conditions through architectural design. The setting conditions for air-conditioned spaces were obtained as indoor air temperature of 24–28 °C and relatively humidity of 50–70%. The proposed criteria provide solid and essential bases for passive and active designs of built thermal environment in Hot Summer and Warm Winter zone of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]