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Background: More than 210,000 medical workers have fought against the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei in China since December 2019. However, the prevalence of mental health problems in frontline medical staff after fighting COVID-19 is still unknown., Methods: Medical workers in Wuhan and other cities in Hubei Province were invited to participate a cross-sectional and convenience sampling online survey, which assessed the prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)., Results: A total of 1,091 responses (33% male and 67% female) were valid for statistical analysis. The prevalence was anxiety 53%, insomnia 79%, depression 56%, and PTSD 11%. Healthcare workers in Wuhan were more likely to face risks of anxiety (56% vs. 52%, P = 0.03) and PTSD (15% vs. 9%, P = 0.03) than those in other cities of Hubei. In terms of educational attainment, those with doctoral and masters' (D/M) degrees may experience more anxiety (median of 7.0, [interquartile range (IQR) 2.0-8.5] vs. median 5.0 [IQR 5.0-8.0], P = 0.02) and PTSD (median 26.0 [IQR 19.5-33.0] vs. median 23.0 [IQR 19.0-31.0], P = 0.04) than those with lower educational degrees., Conclusions: The mental problems were an important issue for the healthcare workers after COVID-19. Thus, an early intervention on such mental problems is necessary for healthcare workers.

Aeolian sandy soil was collected at depths of 0 to 100 cm at intervals of 0-10, > 10-20, > 20-30, > 30-40, > 40-60, > 60-80, and > 80-100 cm from under the cover of psammophilous shrubs Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Hedysarum scoparium, Oxytropis aciphylla, Nitraria tangutorum and Haloxylon ammodendron and from a mobile dune in the Ulan Buh Desert. Multi-fractal theory was used to determine the soil particle size distribution (PSD), which measured the fractions of ω (Mn), ω (Zn), ω (Cr), ω (Cu), ω (Pb), ω (Ni), ω (As), and ω (Cd), as well as their distribution status in the laboratory and analyzed correlations between the PSD and heavy metal content to identify the relationship between soil structure and heavy metal pollution. This result shows that a range of different types of shrubs can increase the distribution of fine soil particles, and specifically Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Hedysarum scoparium can increase range, heterogeneity and degree of dispersion of the PSD. The heavy metal content in the soil under the different shrubs is ranked as ω (Mn) > ω (Zn) > ω (Cr) > ω (Cu) > ω (Pb) > ω (Ni) > ω (As) > ω (Cd). In the first 10 cm of the soil under the shrubs, the concentration of all heavy metals are higher than samples from the mobile dune except for Cr and Cu. Average value of ω (Mn) and ω (Cd) is 354.899 and 1.429 mg·kg -1 under Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Hedysarum scoparium respectively. Concentrations of Mn and Cd under Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Hedysarum scoparium shrubs are significantly higher than those of mobile dune ( P <0.05), and the concentration of both is significantly various between each soil layers ( P <0.05). The highest value for ω (Mn) is in soil layer between 30 and 40 cm below the surface and the highest for ω (Cd) appears between 10 and 20 cm below the surface. The average ω (Pb) under Hedysarum scoparium is 13.556 mg·kg -1 which is the highest among all the shrubs, exceeding 3.24% under Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and higher than samples from mobile dune. However, average ω (As) under Hedysarum scoparium is exceeded 0.37% under Ammopiptanthus mongolicus but still higher than samples from mobile dune. The grain size of φ (silt) and φ (medium coarse sand) are determining factors for heavy metal concentrations in fine and coarse particles of aeolian sandy soil. Heavy metal measurements all positively correlate with φ (silt) and φ (clay), however, they negatively correlate with φ (medium coarse sand), except for ω (Cr). The correlation coefficients between heavy metal contents and the multifractal parameters are similar for φ (clay), φ (silt), and φ (medium coarse sand). Therefore, multifractal parameters can describe the correlation between heavy metals and their determinant soil grain size. This study shows that, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Hedysarum scoparium can entrap and deposit fine particles from the sand flow to surface soil layers around shrubs and improve the condition of PSDs for different soil layers with respect to heavy metals. Hence, in aeolian sandy soil these concentrations are higher than for mobile dunes after planting Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Hedysarum scoparium . Therefore both should be used to promote good soil structure of particular areas to entrap and in-situ control heavy metals to decrease heavy metal pollution in downwind cities.

Objective: To comprehend clinical features at onset of primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) in order to provide useful data for its clinical management., Methods: In the study, 224 patients diagnosed with pSS in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Peking University People's Hospital from Jun. 1st, 2007 to Aug. 1st, 2008 were investigated, including gender, age of onset, time and site of first hospitalization and definite diagnosis, etc., Results: In this 224 pSS cohort (213 females and 11 males), the male/female ratio was 1:19.4, the mean age of onset was (53.5±11.7) years, and median duration was 9.4 years (ranging from 0.2 to 40.0 years).The manifestations showed that up to 33% of the patients (74/224) had leukopenia, 25% (56/224) polyarthralgia, 16.5% (37/224) raynaud phenomenon, 15.6% (35/224) hepatic injury, 12.1% (27/224) pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, 11.6% (26/224) purpuras on lower extremities, 8.0% (18/224) hemogram abnormal, 5.8% (13/224) thrombopenia, and 3.6% (8/224) renal tubule acidosis. When the risk factor of the systemic involvements, was analyzed, two factors were significantly associated with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis: age (OR=1.074, 95% CI=1.031-1.118), and duration (OR=1.075, 95% CI=1.023-1.128). Liver involvement was associated with duration (OR=1.050, 95% CI=1.002-1.100). In addition, 8.0% of the pSS patients(18/224)showed family history of autoimmune diseases and 11.2%(25/224)had family history of tumor., Conclusion: In this cohort of the pSS patients, female is predominant and the incidence of extro-glandular manifestations, such as leukopenia, lung and liver involvements is high, and pSS has inheritance intention.