Search

Objectives: To assess the need for screening of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in blood products, we assessed TTI seroprevalence in blood donors and hospitalized patients., Methods: We collected 2760 serum samples from three regions of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Huzhou from April 2021 to March 2022, and they tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C (HCV), Treponema pallidum (TP), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) antibody levels., Results: Screening test results showed that the positive rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-TP were 3.01 %, 0.39 % and 0.18 %, respectively. The positive rates for CMV IgM and CMV IgG were 0.76 % and 96.96 %, while the positive rates for EB VCA-IgM and EB EA-IgG were 1.88 % and 10.47 %; those for HEV IgM and HEV IgG were 1.16 % and 26.05 %, while the HTLV-1/2 antibody positive rate was 0.04 %. The positive rates for CMV IgG, EB EA-IgG and HEV IgG in hospitalized patients before transfusion were higher than in volunteer blood donors, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The overall co-infection rate was 0.29 %. The positive rates for EB VCA-IgM in the males were significantly higher than in females, and EB VCA-IgM and HEV IgG prevalence varied significantly by age., Conclusion: Our data demonstrate the risk of TTI exposure and TTI transmission in the Zhejiang population, which poses a threat to blood safety. It is hoped that expansion of pathogen categories (CMV, EBV, HEV and HTLV-1/2) and blood screening programs will contribute to the future adoption of scientific blood transfusion methods., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Aconitum carmichaelii is a herbaceous herb indigenous to China that has been cultivated for traditional medicine for centuries. Virus-like symptoms of A. carmichaelii plants were observed on leaves in some A. carmichaelii plantations in Zhanyi and Wuding Counties, Yunnan Province, southwest China. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was performed on 28 symptomatic plants, and the results revealed infection with 11 viruses, including 2 novel viruses and 9 previously described viruses: Aconitum amalgavirus 1 (AcoAV-1), aconite virus A (AcVA), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), currant latent virus (CuLV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), tobacco vein distorting virus (TVDV), and potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Two novel viruses tentatively named Aconitum potyvirus 1 and Aconitum betapartitivirus 1, were supported by sequence and phylogenetic analysis results of their genomes. We proposed the names Potyvirus aconiti and Betapartitivirus aconiti . RT-PCR assays of 142 plants revealed the predominance and widespread distribution of CMV, AcVA, and AcoPV-1 in plantations. The detection of isolates of CuLV, ASGV, ChiVMV, TSWV, TVDV, and PLRV infections for the first time in A. carmichaelii expands their known host ranges.

Nutrients of carbon, nitrogen and water of farmland ecosystem are essential foundation to guarantee crop production, but also environmental flows associated greenhouse gas (GHG), reactive nitrogen (Nr) releases, and water consumption. Their flow characteristics serve as a crucial starting point for creating efficient management practices and mitigation measures. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to quantify the carbon footprint (CF), nitrogen footprint (NF), water footprint (WF), and comprehensive environmental footprint (ComF) of six paddy-upland rotation systems, including fallow-paddy rice (FA-PR), Chinese milk vetch-paddy rice (CMV-PR), wheat-paddy rice (WH-PR), rapeseed-paddy rice (RA-PR), green forage wheat-paddy rice (WF-PR), and vicia faba bean-paddy rice (FB-PR), as well as to analysis their relationships and define driving factors. Results showed that the lowest area-scaled CF of 3.74 t CO 2 -eq ha -1 were observed in the CMV-PR rotation, which were 41% lower than that for WH-PR (the highest CF, 9.13 t CO 2 -eq ha -1 ) when soil carbon change was taken into account. It is of importance that soil carbon sequestration in CMV-PR rotation could offset up to around 57% of its CF, while the WH-PR rotation only offset 25%. The RA-PR rotation had the highest area-scaled NF and WF, which was 1.8 and 1.9 times greater than those of the lowest rotation in FA-PR. In terms of comprehensive environmental effects, the six rotation systems showed the order of FA-PR < CMV-PR < FB-PR < RA-PR < WF-PR < WH-PR, with NH 3 volatilization accounting 60.7%-66.7% and blue-green WF for 17.5%-26.6% of the total. Therefore, priority should be given to optimizing N fertilizer application and water consumption for paddy-upland rotation systems. The study also suggested that appropriate inter-annual adjustment of rotation system could contribute to achieving GHG mitigations and Nr losses., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M (XHIGM), a primary immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in the CD40 ligand gene(CD40LG), presents with recurrent respiratory infections in pediatric patients. We aimed to evaluate the spectrum of clinical features and respiratory pathogens in pediatric patients with XHIGM in China., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed seven pediatric patients who were diagnosed with XHIGM and received follow-up treatment at the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between January 2010 and January 2021. We determined their clinical characteristics, causative pathogens, and prognosis by performing peripheral immunological and genetic tests., Results: There were seven boys with age ranging from 4-20 months (median age, 13 months). Four of the seven respiratory infections were caused by Talaromyces marneffei(T. marneffei). Two patients had viral infections caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human adenovirus respectively. One patient had a mixed infection caused by Pneumocystis carinii and CMV. Except for one child who died of respiratory failure, one patient received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and recovered well, the other five patients survived with regular infusions of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) during the follow-up period. Six patients had reduced antibody levels, especially IgG, IgA, and IgE levels. Increased serum IgM levels were detected in four cases, and three cases presented normal IgM levels at onset. All children were diagnosed with XHIGM with CD40LG variation. Three novel mutations were identified in the present study., Conclusions: Our study suggests that respiratory infections usually begin within 2 years old, fungi and viruses are important pathogens causing respiratory infections in children with XHIGM. In endemic areas, T. marneffei is the common pathogen of respiratory tract infection in children with the disease., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: HIV testing is a primary prevention strategy against the HIV epidemic and an entry point for HIV/AIDS-related care, prevention and treatment. This study aimed to estimate the uptake of HIV testing among Sino-Vietnam female sex workers (FSWs) in Guangxi, China, from 2016 to 2018, and to identify the factors influencing HIV testing uptake., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among FSWs in two Sino-Vietnam border cities of Guangxi, China. The survey was conducted through face-to-face interview, the data were collected by a structured questionnaire, and HIV-1 infection was detected simultaneously. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with uptake of HIV testing., Results: In total, 4565 Chinese local FSWs (CL-FSWs) and 636 cross-border migrant Vietnamese FSWs (CMV-FSWs) were recruited into this study. HIV-1 prevalence in CL-FSWs and CMV-FSWs was 0.70% and 3.14%, respectively. The rate of self-reported uptake of HIV testing in CL-FSWs and CMV-FSWs was 54.56% and 45.44%, respectively. The rates of self-reported uptake of HIV testing declined in both groups from 2016 to 2018. Logistic regression analysis indicated that a number of factors, including socio-demographic characteristics (age < 35 years, higher education, location in Chongzuo City), behaviour factors (having received free AIDS education, condom distribution services and peer education services, high risk sexual behaviours such as inconsistent condom use, having regular commercial sexual partners, etc.), psychological factors (perception of vulnerability to HIV/STIs, perception of risk for HIV infection) were the factors significantly related to uptake of HIV testing., Conclusion: In recent years, the rate of HIV testing uptake among Sino-Vietnam border FSWs in Guangxi, China was low, which may be an important reason for the high HIV-1 prevalence among FSWs in the region. A number of factors were identified to be associated with HIV-1 testing uptake, suggesting that HIV testing prevention strategies in this region could include accelerating AIDS education training, raising personal awareness of HIV testing, and improving accessibility of HIV testing., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an effective method for the treatment of hematological malignancies, severe aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes. The most common infectious complication after HSCT is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The purpose of this study was to analyze the status of research related to CMV infection after HSCT by conducting a literature search for CMV, hematopoietic, and stem cell transplantation., Methods: The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) database in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) was used as the target database for our literature search. The subject search terms were CMV, hematopoietic, and stem cell transplantation, with the logical operation 'AND'. The search date range was from 1900 to June 15, 2021. We used CiteSpace software to analyze the literature. The analysis included: the annual change in the number of publications, the annual change in the number of references cited, the distribution of countries, the distribution of institutions, the distribution of journals, the distribution of authors, and the use of keywords., Results: A total of 1,476 relevant documents were retrieved. The top 5 countries for number of publications were the United States, Germany, Japan, China, and Italy, while the top 5 countries for centrality scores were the United States, Australia, Germany, France, and Italy. The top 5 institutions for the number of publications were: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, the University of Washington, the University of Minnesota, Karolinska Institute, and Peking University. The top 4 institutions for centrality scores were: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Henri-Mondor Hospital, the National Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, and the University of Pavia. There were only 4 authors with a centrality score of 0.01. The literature was mainly published in top hematology journals and journals for immunization and transplantation. The top 5 keywords used were: cytomegalovirus, bone marrow transplantation, recipient, infection, and versus host disease., Conclusions: We found that CMV infection after HSCT has been attracting more and more attention by researchers, and that treatment has been the focus of current research.

Background Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMVi) is the leading viral cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities in newborns. The epidemiology of cCMVi in settings with high cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence, such as China, is not well studied. This study sought to describe maternal CMV seroprevalence and cCMVi prevalence at birth in Henan Province, China. Methods A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in three counties of Henan Province in China from June 2015 through May 2018. Pregnant women were enrolled early in pregnancy and followed up through delivery. Serum specimens were collected at enrollment for CMV immunoglobulin G serological testing. Saliva and urine specimens were collected in newborns within 72 hours after birth and tested with real-time polymerase chain reaction for CMV DNA. cCMVi was defined as CMV DNA positive in the infants' urine or saliva specimens. Results A total of 6327 pregnant women underwent CMV serological testing and 6062 were CMV seropositive (95.8%). The maternal age was 26.8 ± 4.3 (mean ± SD) years. There were 49 (0.7%) newborns identified with cCMVi among 6705 newborns screened. Lower maternal education level (middle school or lower), younger maternal age (<25 years) and twin-pregnancy were associated with higher cCMVi prevalence (P = 0.04, 0.016, and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Despite a high maternal CMV seroprevalence in this large cohort study from China, the birth prevalence of cCMVi is similar to other studies in settings of high and medium CMV seroprevalence. In settings of high maternal CMV seroprevalence, additional research is needed to ascertain the relative contribution of non-primary CMV infections during pregnancy to congenital transmission. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the situation of postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in Beijing and its impact on infant., Methods: From November 2004 to March 2008, a multicenter cohort study on maternal, neonatal and infantile CMV infection was carried out in four hospitals in Beijing. Two hundred and ten infants without congenital infections were enrolled into this study. Their serum IgG antibody to CMV was determined at the age of 1 year. According to the results of CMV DNA at 12 weeks of age and the CMV IgG results at 1 year of age, they were divided into three groups, perinatal infection group, postnatal infection group and postnatal non-infection group. The information of their mothers, the data of their growth and development at 1 year of age, development quotient, their eyes and their auditory function were analyzed. The risk factors of the postnatal cytomegalovirus infection were analyzed by multi-factorial logistic regression., Results: Of the 210 infants, 42 had perinatal infection, 98 had postnatal infection and 70 had no infection. The postnatal cytomegalovirus infection rate was 46.40%, taken into account the congenital infection rate and perinatal infection rate, the total cytomegalovirus infection rate was 66.85% at 1 year of age. The clinical manifestation, developmental status and the quotient of development from three groups at birth and at 1 year of age were analyzed. No significant difference was found. In postnatal cytomegalovirus infection group the rates of breast feeding, mixed feeding and formula feeding were 87.76%, 9.18% and 3.06%, respectively; while in no infection group the rates were 61.43%, 21.43% and 17.14%, respectively(chi(2) = 17.040, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: CMV infection is present widely in China. Non-breast feeding is an important protective factor. Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection in infants had no significant impact on the health and development of infants.

The relationship between cervical cancer and risk factors including virus infection of cervix was studied with methods of molecular and serological epidemiology. DNA extracted from cervical biopsies taken from 57 cases and 51 controls were tested for HPV6/11, HPV16/18 by Dot-blot hybridization and for HSV-2 by PCR. Sera were detected for HCMV-IgM by ELISA. The results and risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression model. The multiple logistic regression model results showed that HPV16/18 infection was an important risk factor, the infection rate was significantly higher in the group of cervical cancer, the OR was 31.96. Other risk factors were the educational level and the number of birth, the OR were 0.57 and 1.85, respectively. The difference of HSV-2 infection of cervix and HCMV-IgM in serum was not significant between the two groups.