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Through the lens of paradox theory, we present and discuss the cases of two different proposals for a European public university, located in Lisbon, Portugal, to develop transnational campuses, one in China and one in Egypt. We discuss the three overarching goals of the transnational campus in our cases (funding through international cooperation, projection of soft power, and the development of human capital) and compare the structure of both proposals with particular attention to the governance and pedagogical models proposed for China and the Middle East, and shed light on the different expectations that Middle Eastern and Chinese authorities hold regarding the cooperation with European institutions in the area of higher education. We conclude that the development of transnational campus can be considered a paradoxical journey and the success of which depends on how the tensions between goals are tackled and synergies obtained -- or not. This will help in designing adequate policies and strategies in order to optimize the cooperation.

In low- and middle-income countries, urbanization has spurred the expansion of peri-urban communities, or urban communities of formerly rural residents with low socioeconomic status. The growth of these communities offers researchers an opportunity to measure the associations between the level of urbanization and the home language environment (HLE) among otherwise similar populations. Data were collected in 2019 using Language Environment Analysis observational assessment technology from 158 peri-urban and rural households with Han Chinese children (92 males, 66 females) aged 18-24 months in China. Peri-urban children scored lower than rural children in measures of the HLE and language development. In both samples, child age, gender, maternal employment, and sibling number were positively correlated with the HLE, which was in turn correlated with language development.

Under the pressure of globalisation, both China and Europe have active strategies to internationalise their higher education systems. This paper explores the cultural and institutional constraints of these strategies in both territories, analysing their impact on the cooperation and competition among higher education institutions. The article focuses on the historical and current practices of internationalisation in Europe and China, the strategic goals underlying these practices, and the implications of internationalisation strategies in constraining the choices and actions of academic leaders in Chinese and European higher education institutions. This article contributes to the literature on Chinese and European cooperation in higher education by analysing the points of conflict and opportunities for growth. Despite differences (e.g., centralised vs. decentralised systems, top-down vs. bottom-up decision-making processes, and the roles of leadership in the governance of higher education institutions), there is a common interest in promoting economic competitiveness, developing a knowledge-based society, advancing research, attracting and retaining talent, and reducing regional inequalities. The paper concludes that cooperation is possible in specific areas in which neither China nor Europe can succeed alone with the same impact that would be possible with cooperation.

This article investigates the impacts of the digital revolution on the international monetary and financial system (IMFS), emphasizing the effects generated by the new China's digital currency, e-CNY. It is argued that from the point of view of emerging and developing countries (EDCs) the transformations of the digital age imply considering costs and benefits of implementing central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), in a context where this "new form" does not substantially change the hierarchical and asymmetric character of the SMFI. The e-CNY implies the establishment of new disjunctures, such as, for example, developing systems that are interoperable with the Chinese system, or not. This aspect carries a strong political component in the current context of questioning the status quo in various dimensions of the international system. To illustrate this aspect, the article brings empirical evidence on the evolution of the interconnections between the Chinese economy and the main EDCs in dimensions such as convergence in business cycles and financial cycles. Greater integration with China could work as a potential attraction factor for many EDCs, which could gravitate more towards e-CNY in a scenario of greater opposition to the US dollar dominance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of urbanization, more and more construction and demolition waste (CDW) is generated. To enhance the mechanical properties and durability of concrete through the incorporation of recycled aggregate, the water/cement ratio was controlled to optimize the properties of concrete. In this work, one reference concrete with a water/cement ratio of 0.5 was prepared. The demolition concrete waste from East China was used, and 50% and 100% of the natural aggregates of the reference concrete were substituted. Furthermore, the water/cement ratio of concrete with 50% and 100% CDW was reduced to 0.3, and the superplasticizer was used to justify the workability of fresh concrete. Finally, the workability of fresh concrete was determined. After curing for 28 days, the density, water absorption, and resistance to chloride penetration of concrete were realized. The compressive and flexural strength were examined at 14 and 28 days, and the electrical resistivity test was conducted at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results indicate that with increasing CDW content, the mechanical properties and durability of concrete decreased. However, when the water/cement ratio decreased to 0.3, the concrete properties were optimized, such as the compressive strength and resistance to chloride penetration of concrete with 50% CDW increased by 74.2% and 28%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until 2015, polymyxin resistance was primarily attributed to chromosomal mutations. However, with the first report of mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1) in commensal Escherichia coli from food animals in China, the landscape has changed. To evaluate the presence of polymyxin resistance in Salmonella spp., a drop screening test for colistin and polymyxin B was carried out on 1156 isolates of non-human origin (animals, food, and the environment), received in Brazil, between 2016 and 2021. Subsequently, 210 isolates with resistant results in the drop test were subjected to the gold-standard test (broth microdilution) for both colistin and polymyxin B. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 102 resistant isolates was performed for a comprehensive analysis of associated genes. Surprisingly, none of the isolates resistant to colistin in the drop test harbored any of the mcr variants (mcr-1 to mcr-10). WGS identified that the most common mutations were found in pmrA (n= 22; T89S) and pmrB (n = 24; M15T, G73S, V74I, I83A, A111V). Other resistance determinants were also detected, such as the aac(6′)-Iaa gene in 72 isolates, while others carried beta-lactamase genes (blaTEM-1 blaCTX-M-2, blaCMY-2). Additionally, genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance (qnrB19, qnrS1, oqxA/B) were detected in 11 isolates. Colistin and polymyxin B resistance were identified among Salmonella from non-human sources, but not associated with the mcr genes. Furthermore, the already-described mutations associated with polymyxin resistance were detected in only a small number of isolates, underscoring the need to explore and characterize unknown genes that contribute to resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on the meaning of China's Central Bank Digital Currency (CDBC) with respect to money and power relations to argue that it will not represent a rupture with the dollar centric international monetary and financial system (IMFS). It combines three theoretical approaches – on the nature of money, on currency internationalisation and on currency hierarchy – to build an analytical framework that adds to the literature that strives to understand the dynamics between money and state power. This framework stresses the fundamental place of currency dominance and of an underlying currency hierarchy that explains the broader configuration and evolution of the IMFS. While there is an enormous asymmetry between the economic weight of China and the international use of its currency (physical or digital), it does not necessarily follow that this tension will be resolved by assembling a fairer distribution of the economic and political advantages that come along with issuing a currency that is used by the rest of the world (the so-called 'exorbitant privilege'). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the simultaneous effects of relocation of production (as part of globalization) and institutions on intra- and inter-country wage inequality. Firstly, empirical evidence shows that labor unions act at decreasing inequality, but this shrinking effect tends to be mitigated by globalization. Theoretically, we study the conditions under which this empirical evidence is verified. Unskilled labor-intensive relocations together with (de)unionization processes of the labor force contributed to the increasing path of intra-country wage inequality observed in some of the leading countries. However, most recently, skilled relocations may help to decrease intra-country inequality in leading countries (e.g., the US), but to increase it in follower countries (e.g., China). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drylands are vast and face threats from climate change and human activities. Traditional reviews cannot capture interdisciplinary knowledge, but bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights. Our study conducted bibliometric research of scientific production on climate change and land degradation in drylands using remote sensing. We examined 1527 Scopus-indexed publications to identify geographic and thematic hotspots, extracting leading authors, journals, and institutions. China leads in publications, followed by the US, Germany, and Australia. The US has the highest citation count. Collaboration networks involve the US, China, and European countries. There has been an exponential increase in remote sensing of land degradation in drylands (RSLDD) publications since 2011. Key journals include "International Journal of Remote Sensing" and "Remote Sensing of Environment". The analysis highlights the growing interest in the field, driven by Australia, the US, and China. Key areas of study are vegetation dynamics and land use change. Future perspectives for this scientific field involve promoting collaboration and exploring emerging technologies for comprehensive land degradation and desertification research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text has the central objective of identifying the structures, the geoeconomic strategies of global regionalization of the main tradings companies in the world that operate in the soy and grain chain. Currently, world grain trade is centralized in just five giant companies: Archel Danields Midland (ADM), Bunge, Cargill and Louis Dreyfus, the famous ABCD, and the China Oil and Foodstuffs Corporation (Cofco). To achieve this objective, descriptive information was chosen for a quantitative comparison only. Thus, it was possible to state that the geographic detachment of the five big tradings companies and the increase both in the physical ones and in the volume of agricultural commodities traded, for new areas, is not unrelated, among other geoeconomic combinations: from the search for revenues and profits to more installations in economies in the process of productive development or production booms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to (1) assess the relationship between intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' burnout, organizational commitment and turnover intention, (2) examine the moderating effect of the organizational commitment on the relationship between ICU nurses' burnout and turnover intention, and (3) explore the prevalence and influencing factors of hospital workplace violence among ICU nurses. Design: Cross‐sectional study design. Methods: Data were collected from August to October 2020 and a convenience sample of registered nurses was recruited. To control common method biases, one‐month temporal separation, Harman's single‐factor analysis and method of latent variables were adopted. The moderating effect was tested by SPSS Hayes PROCESS Macro. Chi‐square and logistic regression were used to examine workplace violence data. Results: Organizational commitment (β = −.23, 95% confidence interval −.45 to −.03) and continuance commitment (β = −.15, 95% confidence interval −.24 to −.16) have negative moderation effects on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. 77.7% of ICU nurses experienced workplace violence, male and staff nurses, and nurses with lower professional titles and shorter working years have greater odds of experiencing this violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "General Crisis of the Seventeenth-Century" as a concept was first applied to Europe, where the Portuguese Restoration of 1640 was one of its most striking episodes, when a national dynasty dethroned a foreign one. Geoffrey Parker extended its use worldwide, having in mind similar events taking place all over the globe, namely in China, where dynastic transition took centre stage. Some parallels can be drawn between the two sides of Eurasia, though sometimes in opposite terms (e. g., while the Braganzas were Portuguese, the Qing were Manchu). Among the coincidences occurring in both countries during dynastic changes, there is mention to omens and wondrous signs, interpreted as manifestations of something about to change, breaking away from the old established order which had lost some sort of divine assent. By using the writings of the Portuguese Jesuit António de Gouveia (1592/94–1677), namely his letters, some of which unpublished, we will seek to see how he interpreted these signs and dynastic change in China, while his own country (Portugal) was going through a similar process. We will make use of materials dating from 1636 to the 1650s, to see what kind of parallelisms Gouveia draws between the Chinese seventeenth-century crisis and the Portuguese case, and how he depicts and characterises the events occurring in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China is one of the countries with the highest public-private partnership (PPP) experience. Although numerous studies on PPP in China have been published in different international journals in the past decades, few relevant reviews have been found. In this research, a bibliometric analysis of 139 peer-reviewed articles on PPP in China is performed to reveal the research evolution and trend. Besides, a meta-analysis of 111 empirical articles among the total 139 articles is conducted using multinomial logistic regression to examine how data characteristics and analytical features have been utilized in this area. The major findings suggest that, first, many studies are published in the subject areas of Business, Management and Accounting, and Engineering, and most topics are discussed from the micro-level perspective. Second, the issues in the procurement phase lack enough attention. Third, for studies with different research themes, how data characteristics and analytical features have been utilized significantly differ. In general, how PPP studies are approached in China contrasts with the global PPP research. Future research directions are proposed. The research contributes to the global PPP body of knowledge and methodology by providing the first quantitative review of studies on PPP in China and by combining the research methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the external factors that lead Western firms to fail in the Chinese market, proposing to reveal the main challenges they face in this market, such as culture, guanxi or others. Based on network theory, the authors propose to group failure attributes and actions to predict business failure. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative research based on in-depth interviews is conducted, with a sample of 21 individuals, from former/current managers that did or are currently doing business in China and a person from the Chinese Government. This research resorts to inductive reasoning and to Atlas.ti software to perform the analysis. Findings: The findings reveal that it is possible to cluster seven distinct categories of external factors. Additionally, Chinese culture, local partnerships and the "catching-up effect" by Chinese firms are also external factors to be considered. The role of guanxi in China is changing, taking another format, and international companies in the Chinese market must take this into account. Research limitations/implications: Several limitations arise in this research, such as information availability and time constraints, sample size and the characteristics of Chinese society (i.e. type of government). This study also proposes further confirmatory research to test the seven clusters proposed. Practical implications: Managers can understand patterns of business failures when targeting the Chinese market and use the seven clusters as a tool to address this market appropriately in the future. Originality/value: This paper intends to shed light on Western firms' business failure in the Chinese market. The authors argue that several external factors linked to network surroundings contribute to Western firms failing in this market and that network failure attribution is still an understudied topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Ecological Civilization was recently inscribed in the Chinese State Constitution - a sign of its importance - but what is this concept about? And what is its importance, in the light of dialectics and historical materialism, for China's national development project? Making a qualitative analysis of primary and secondary sources, we will try to draw a theoretical and historical framework, demonstrating how, through the contradictions, the Chinese State has been advancing in its objectives. Analyzing the existing literature, one can see the diversity of the study and the interpretation of this concept. We also see that the understanding of Ecological Civilization must be made based on the study of the material conditions existing in China and that the answer to the problem of development occupies the centrality of the question. We conclude that Ecological Civilization - an integral part of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics - is born in response to the contradictions that the post-1979 development model created and that its appearance corresponds to the need to find a new development model that puts the focus on the qualitative question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the behaviour of emerging powers in relation to R2P has been understood as that of norm-shapers: states that seek to adjust the norm so that it conforms to their particular understandings. In this behaviour, respect for sovereignty is seen as a central concern. In the English School of International Relations, identification with the institution of sovereignty reflects an approach called pluralism. China's behaviour is consistent with a pluralist approach to international relations. This paper aims to examine the Chinese positions regarding R2P, in order to identify pluralist traits in them. The procedure was to raise, inductively, prescriptions made by China, associating them with theoretical categories. From an analysis of the Chinese positions, it can be demonstrated that China's behaviour reveals a paradigmatic case of a pluralist norm-shaper. Qualitative Content Analysis techniques were used as a methodological approach, while MAXQDAplus software was applied as a tool to aid in the coding of declarations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Procurement models play a key role in determining the success of a public–private–partnership (PPP) project because they can help the government select the best bidder. Yet, few studies have systematically examined the selection of different procurement models. A content analysis is performed to discuss the institutional and legal framework along with the features of different procurement models in China. A multinomial logistic regression model is then applied to empirically investigate the relationship between the selection of different procurement models and the internal characteristics of the projects, including the investment, duration, operation mode, sector and region. Besides, a questionnaire survey to Chinese officials participating in PPP project procurement is conducted to identify the critical factors affecting the selection preferences. The regression analysis shows that the PPP project procurement model selection in China varies significantly with the internal characteristics of the projects. Moreover, the three most important factors identified are the laws and regulations, internal characteristics of the projects and advice from consultant agencies. These results indicate that the PPP project procurement model selection in China does matter. Helpful policy suggestions for the governments of China and other countries are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Design and simulation of improved cryogenic extractive distillation process through vapor recompression. • Design and simulation of utility plants for more realistic results. • Environmental analysis in terms of water consumption and CO 2 emissions. • Economic analysis in terms of utility costs. • Eco-efficiency criteria for the evaluation of the processes sustainability. The cryogenic extractive distillation process for CO 2 -ethane separation from natural gas involves four distillation columns in series and a rather high amount of energy from boiler and refrigeration compressors. This study proposes the intensification of a real plant located in China using a vapor recompression (VR) strategy to revamp it. The conventional process and the intensification configurations were designed by simulation in UniSim software. A utility plant with cooling water, steam generation, and propane refrigeration sections was also considered for realistic results regarding water consumption, CO 2 emissions, and utility costs. Additionally, in order to establish an overall means for performance analysis, such indicators were grouped in a joint evaluation approach using the Comparative Eco-Efficiency Index. Results show that the VR1 scheme applied between the depropanizer condenser and the deethanizer reboiler provides savings of 24.2 % and 24.5 % in energy and water consumption, respectively; therefore, savings of 25.5 % and 21.4 % in CO 2 emissions and utility costs were achieved, respectively, which increased the process's eco-efficiency by 41.9 %. As a point of interest, 33 months are necessary to recover the corresponding investment on the compressor and heat exchanger. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Gestão, Finanças E Contabilidade is the property of Universidade do Estado da Bahia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The recent economic interaction between Latin America and Asia, particularly between Brazil and China, has attracted the attention of the academic world that seeks to understand the effects of this approach in terms of business cycle convergence, economic structure and development trajectory. This paper contributes to this debate, presenting new evidence about the type and quality of this relationship. Our results reveal that Brazil and China present different patterns of relationship between trade and productive specialization: while Brazil has an intra-industry trade pattern, China has an inter-industry trade pattern. We explore some normative implications and future research possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The text defends the thesis that China is aware that its process of modernization is still recent and needs more growth, maturation and consolidation to assume the role and responsibilities of a regional or even a global leader. This text pursues an understanding about the Chinese stance in relation to the negotiations for the redefinitions of the International Order and the International System (and, hence, Global Governance) and, secondly, seeks to perceive the reactions of nondeveloped and developed countries in relation to Chinese strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to establish a comparison between Chinese and Brazilian actions in generating innovation in their respective productive sectors, focusing on investments in research and development, R&D, in these countries. The comparison is established through the presentation of quantitative data associated with the description of the structural framework and environment to encourage investments in both countries. It has been the assumption that both countries consider R&D as part of a political strategy dedicated to developing, as key points in political strategy, economic and social pursued by Brazil and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to present the recent development of the field of International Relations in China, through a critical literature review of works on the development of IR studies in China and Chinese works on international relations. Thus, it seeks to outline the history of the evolution of the field by analyzing the intellectual, social, economic and political context in which it has developed. Nevertheless, the article discusses the main research themes and theoretical orientations in China today, as well as indigenous contributions to theorizing in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo se analiza la estructura de las exportaciones del Brasil y de China a los mercados latinoamericanos, con el propósito de evaluar las repercusiones de la transformación de China en una potencia mundial y un importante socio comercial de los países de la región. Mediante la estimación de varios indicadores de comercio internacional y competitividad se pudo constatar que las exportaciones chinas, en especial las manufacturas, están desplazando a las brasileñas en el mercado regional, lo que constituye una posible amenaza para el Brasil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Foreign direct investment flow, competitiveness and technological structure of foreign trade in China in the beginning of the 21st century. China's government introduced open market reforms in 1979, mediated by industrial policies improving the ability of attracting higher quality FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), which helped China's economy developing its technological capabilities. As a result, China's share in international trade rose impressively becoming third-largest trading nation in the world, by 2004, also its export structure is significantly more sophisticated. Facing the importance of understanding the determinants of developing word specialization patterns, this paper focuses on the competitiveness and technological structure of exports and imports by China for 1994-1998 and 2001-2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying artificial intelligence in education is relevant to addressing the current educational crises. Many available solutions apply Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to help improve educational outcomes. Therefore, a series of works have been developed integrating techniques in different educational contexts, for instance, in online teaching practices. Given the various studies and the relevance of CNNs for educational applications, this paper presents a systematic literature review to discuss the state-of-the-art. We reviewed 133 papers from the IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Scopus databases. Based on our revision, we discuss characteristics of studies such as publication venues, educational context, datasets, types of CNNs models, and performance of models. We evidence that the literature regarding CNNs still misses more studies discussing educational problems faced by Global South students, considering both teaching and learning perspectives. Such a population cannot be neglected during experiments due to specific educational weaknesses (for example, basic skills) demanding personalized solutions. • A systematic literature review of 133 published papers. • China covered most publications, followed by India. • There is a research gap regarding using CNNs in some regions of the Global South. • The main educational context with CNN applications is students' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

bla KPC-2 is disseminated worldwide usually in Tn 4401 , a Tn 3- family transposon, and primarily in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258, a well-known lineage that is distributed worldwide and responsible for several outbreaks. Although occurring rarely, bla KPC-2 has been described in non-Tn 4401 elements (NTE KPCs), first in China and then in a few other countries. This study reports the dissemination of a bla KPC-2 -carrying NTE KPC among ST11/CG258 K. pneumoniae strains and ST1642 K. quasipneumoniae subsp. quasipneumoniae AMKP9 in an Amazonian hospital. The dissemination was due to pAMKP10, an ~48 kbp IncX5 plasmid carrying ΔIS Kpn6 / bla KPC-2 /IS Kpn27 in a Tn 1722 -based unit. Although similar to NTE KPC -Ia from pKP048 described in China, a different transposase is present upstream of IS Kpn27. Additionally, mutations were identified downstream of IS Kpn27 but did not affect the bla KPC-2 promoter regions. pAMKP10 conjugated in vitro only from CG258 isolates. Since CG258 strains are generally well adapted to the hospital environment, it is significant that pAMKP10 has found its way into this clinically significant clonal group. The impact of inter- and intraspecies dissemination of NTE KPCs and IncX5 plasmids harboring carbapenem resistance genes is unknown, but monitoring these plasmids could reveal their dissemination preferences. • bla KPC-2 was carried by NTE KPC in pAMKP10 in an Amazonian hospital infected patients. • pAMKP10, an IncX5 plasmid of 48 kbp, spread clonally in ST11/CC258 strains. • pAMKP10 was identified in the ST1642 K. quasipneumoniae subsp. quasipneumoniae AMKP9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]