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This report outlines the background of educational policy and objectives before and after the Cultural Revolution in China. The basis of Chinese educational philosophy is Marxism-Leninism; the ideal society is that of the Marxian utopia of a classless society. The role of education is service to the state, not the individual. Educational policy is devoted to developing the economy, political consciousness, reform, and universal education. The key concept to methodology is the unity of theory and practice. The new type of intellectual is one of worker-peasant origin. The Great Leap Forward Movement, characterized by de-emphasis of monetary incentives and self-interest and emphasis on class struggle, elimination of class distinctions, and greater sacrifice for socialism, has had its impact on education. The introduction of productive labor into all full-time schools eradicated the influence of a traditional disdain for manual labor by the educated. A review of the educational achievements under the ensuing seventeen years of communism is impressive in its realistic planning and practical implementation. The educational reforms are not innovative in fundamental assumptions, but do reflect the purpose of Chinese education in aiding in national development, both politically and economically. (KSM) more...