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Background and Aims: Epidemics pose a great challenge to health care of patients. However, the impact of unprecedented situation of COVID‐19 outbreak on health care of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in real‐world setting has seldom been investigated. Methods: We performed an observational study in a tertiary referral IBD center in China. The mode of health care and medication use was compared before and after COVID‐19 outbreak. Electronic questionnaire surveys were performed among gastroenterologists and IBD patients to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 outbreak on their attitudes towards telemedicine. Results: COVID‐19 outbreak resulted in substantial decrease of patients participating in standard face‐to‐face visit during 1 month post‐outbreak (n = 51) than pre‐outbreak (n = 249), whereas the participation in telemedicine was significantly higher than comparable period in 2019 (414 vs 93). During the 1 month after COVID‐19 outbreak, 39 (39/56, 69.6%) patients had their infliximab infusion postponed with the mean delay of 3 weeks. The immunomodulator use was similar between pre‐outbreak and post‐outbreak. Six elective surgeries were postponed for a median of 43 days. In post‐outbreak period, 193 (193/297, 64.98%) of the surveyed physicians have used telemedicine with an increase of 18.9% compared with 46.13% (137/292) in the pre‐outbreak period (P < 0.001); 331 (331/505, 65.54%) of the surveyed IBD patients supported that the use of telemedicine should be increased in future health care. Conclusion: COVID‐19 outbreak resulted in a great change in health‐care access among IBD patients including decrease in standard face‐to‐face visit and delay of biologics use. There was an increased use and need of telemedicine after COVID‐19 outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relationship between hepatic cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) gene polymorphisms and the effectiveness and safety of thalidomide in the treatment of patients with immune‐related bowel disease (IRBD). Methods: CYP2C19 variants in 79 patients treated with thalidomide were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). The clinical response and adverse events of the thalidomide treatment were recorded. The potential influences of the CYP2C19 genotype polymorphisms on the clinical efficacy and adverse events of thalidomide were then investigated. Results: Altogether 79 patients with IRBD (70 with Crohn's disease, three with ulcerative colitis and six with Behcet's disease) receiving thalidomide therapy were recruited from January 2013 to February 2015 in a tertiary IBD center in China. Overall, 21.5% (17/79) of these patients had CYP2C19 poor metabolizers genotype (PM). The overall response rate and the incidence of adverse events of CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers genotype were not significantly different from that of the PM when IRBD patients were treated with thalidomide (P = 0.517 and 0.816, respectively). Conclusion: CYP2C19 polymorphisms do not seem to be associated with efficacy of thalidomide and the incidence of adverse events in treating IRBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decline curve analysis is a simple and fast regression method of estimating recoverable reserves and future performance, but it is challenged when applied to unconventional reservoirs. Based on a generalized Gamma distribution in the real number field, a theoretical forecasting model describing the whole-process change of coalbed methane well production was constructed, that is, the gas production can be estimated by the early rising section data and a few declining section data, or even just the early rising section data. Furthermore, a generalized production decline analysis model was proposed, which can match all flow regimes in coalbed methane reservoirs as well as in shale gas and tight gas reservoirs. Particularly, the Arps exponential decline model, Duong model, and SEPD model are some of its special forms. By analyzing the production of typical wells in the Zhengzhuang-Fanzhuang block of China, it has demonstrated that the generalized production forecasting model performs significantly better than the Duong model in terms of data fitting accuracy and prediction accuracy, and in comparison to the Arps model, PLE model, SEPD model and Duong model, the generalized production decline model has also demonstrated greater scientific validity and field applicability for predicting coalbed methane production. The MAPE value between the predicted and actual gas production ranges from 4.46% to 8.82%, with an average of 5.75%, and the RRMSE between them ranges from 6.24% to 9.74%, with an average of 7.53%, which are both significantly lower than those provided by the Arps model, PLE model, SEPD model, and Duong model. • New generalized production forecasting model was proposed for whole process CBM production. • New generalized production decline model was established. • The unsteady change rule of decline rate with key parameters was revealed. • The production decline curves of typical CBM wells were divided into four types. • The newly established models have better field applicability than other four models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The physical and mental health of college students tends to continuously decline around the world, therefore, it is important to improve their health during college period. Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese exercise which combines movements with breath and mind, may be one of the selectable effective exercises. However, the effect of Baduanjin exercise on college students has not been established. In this study, we systematically assessed the effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin exercise on physical and mental health of college students by a rigorous randomized, parallel-controlled design. Methods: A total of 222 college students from Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were recruited and randomly allocated at an equal ratio into control or Baduanjin training. Participants in control group were informed to maintain their original activity habit, and those in Baduanjin exercise group received a 12-week Baduanjin exercise training with a frequency of 1 hour per day and 5 days per week on the basis of their original activity habit. The physical and psychological outcomes, including lumbar muscle strength, lower limb proprioception function, physical fitness, as well as self-reported symptom intensity, stress, self-esteem, mood, quality of life, quality of sleep, and adverse events, were evaluated at baseline, 13 weeks (at the end of 12-week intervention), and 25 weeks (after the 12-week follow-up period). Intention-to-treat analysis was performed for the above outcomes. Results: Compared with controls, significant improvements in Baduanjin exercise group at the end of 12-week intervention period were found on lower limb proprioception function (the rate of average trace error on right lower limb (%): control 23.50±5.50, Baduanjin 21.92±6.54, P=0.004; the rate of average trace error on left lower limb (%): control 22.32±6.62, Baduanjin 20.63±4.62, P=0.046), cardiorespiratory endurance (step test index: control 47.66±5.94, Baduanjin 50.07±9.30, P=0.025), flexibility (control 14.35±7.26cm, Baduanjin 15.39±6.43cm, P=0.009) and explosive force of lower limb (standing long jump test (m): control 1.77±0.24, Baduanjin 1.79±0.22, P=0.005 for adjustment baseline) in physical outcomes, and attention (Schulte Grid test (second): control 210.4±51.15, Baduanjin 192.4±47.14, P=0.034) in mental outcome. Lumbar muscle strength in Baduanjin group had been moderately enhanced but no significant difference compared to controls. No significant changes in other physical and mental outcomes, including vital capacity, blood pressure, heart rate, hand grip force, self-symptom intensity, stress, self-efficacy, quality of life, and quality of sleep, were found between groups. No adverse event was reported during the study period. Conclusion: Regular Baduanjin exercise had an advantage for college students on improvement of lower limb proprioception, enhance of cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, explosive force of lower limb and attention, compared with usual exercise. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-13003329 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the contribution of genetic polymorphisms of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 gene VKORC1-1639G>A, cytochrome P450 2C9 gene ( CYP2C9), EPHXI, and clinical factors to warfarin sensitivity in southwest Chinese Han patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Methods: A total of 127 patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses who have been followed up at our department during the past 23 years were enrolled in this study and compared to a control group that consisted of 133 randomly selected healthy blood donors. These Chinese patients met stable warfarin dosage requirements and had reached the target international normalized ratio (INR) of 1.5-2.0. PCR and direct sequencing were carried out to identify the polymorphisms of VKORC1-1639G>A (rs9923231), CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910), CYP2C9 IVS3-65G>C (rs9332127), and EPHX1691A>G (rs4653436). In addition, total and free (non-protein-bound) warfarin concentrations were analyzed. Results and conclusions: There were great interindividual differences in warfarin maintenance dosage (ranging from 0.6 to 8.4 mg/day) among the 127 patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. VKORC1-1639G>A, CYP2C9, EPHX1691A>G polymorphism, body weight, and age were found to affect the dose demands. Multiple linear regression models incorporating genetic polymorphisms of VKORC1, CYP2C9, EPHX1691A>G, and the nongenetic factors of age and body weight were developed, and explained up to 76.8% of the total variation (adjusted R of 0.743) in warfarin maintenance doses in southwest Chinese patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we present newly obtained molybdenite Re–Os ages for the Chehugou copper–molybdenum deposit and the Yuanbaoshan molybdenum mineral locality from the Chifeng area on the northern margin of the North China block, combined with U–Pb zircon ages of the host granites. The Re–Os isochron age of six molybdenite samples from the Chehugou deposit is 257.5±2.5 Ma and one molybdenite sample from the Yuanbaoshan locality yields a Re–Os model age of 248.0±2.7 Ma. These ages clearly indicate the signature latest Permian to Early Triassic Cu–Mo or Mo mineralization that has not been previously recognized. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating shows that the host granites of the Chehugou deposit and Yuanbaoshan locality formed in the Late Devonian (376±3 Ma) and Late Permian (269±3 Ma), respectively, and is not of Jurassic age, as previously thought. The latest Permian to Early Triassic Cu–Mo mineralization is likely related to extension due to final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and amalgamation of the Mongolian arc terranes with the northern North China block. The establishment of a latest Permian to Early Triassic age for mineralization should encourage renewed exploration aimed at the discovery of new Mo or Cu–Mo resources along the northern margin of the North China block. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Oxalate contents of foods reliably determined with new oxalate oxidase method. [•] New method uses oxalate oxidase prepared from wheat bran. [•] Some commonly available foods in Southern China have high oxalate levels. [•] Chinese wolfberry, dragon and abalone fruit, Chinese torreya fruit: high in oxalate. [•] Water spinach, black rice, rice bean, are also high in oxalate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Ocular changes are traditionally associated with only a few hepatobiliary diseases. These changes are non-specific and have a low detection rate, limiting their potential use as clinically independent diagnostic features. Therefore, we aimed to engineer deep learning models to establish associations between ocular features and major hepatobiliary diseases and to advance automated screening and identification of hepatobiliary diseases from ocular images., Methods: We did a multicentre, prospective study to develop models using slit-lamp or retinal fundus images from participants in three hepatobiliary departments and two medical examination centres. Included participants were older than 18 years and had complete clinical information; participants diagnosed with acute hepatobiliary diseases were excluded. We trained seven slit-lamp models and seven fundus models (with or without hepatobiliary disease [screening model] or one specific disease type within six categories [identifying model]) using a development dataset, and we tested the models with an external test dataset. Additionally, we did a visual explanation and occlusion test. Model performances were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, and F1* score., Findings: Between Dec 16, 2018, and July 31, 2019, we collected data from 1252 participants (from the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Affiliated Huadu Hospital of Southern Medical University, and the Nantian Medical Centre of Aikang Health Care [Guangzhou, China]) for the development dataset; between Aug 14, 2019, and Jan 31, 2020, we collected data from 537 participants (from the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and the Huanshidong Medical Centre of Aikang Health Care [Guangzhou, China]) for the test dataset. The AUROC for screening for hepatobiliary diseases of the slit-lamp model was 0·74 (95% CI 0·71-0·76), whereas that of the fundus model was 0·68 (0·65-0·71). For the identification of hepatobiliary diseases, the AUROCs were 0·93 (0·91-0·94; slit-lamp) and 0·84 (0·81-0·86; fundus) for liver cancer, 0·90 (0·88-0·91; slit-lamp) and 0·83 (0·81-0·86; fundus) for liver cirrhosis, and ranged 0·58-0·69 (0·55-0·71; slit-lamp) and 0·62-0·70 (0·58-0·73; fundus) for other hepatobiliary diseases, including chronic viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cholelithiasis, and hepatic cyst. In addition to the conjunctiva and sclera, our deep learning model revealed that the structures of the iris and fundus also contributed to the classification., Interpretation: Our study established qualitative associations between ocular features and major hepatobiliary diseases, providing a non-invasive, convenient, and complementary method for hepatobiliary disease screening and identification, which could be applied as an opportunistic screening tool., Funding: Science and Technology Planning Projects of Guangdong Province; National Key R&D Program of China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Xilei Powder is a commonly used prescription for the treatment of oral ulcers, and is originally used to treat scarlet fever. Scarlet fever is a warm-toxin disease from the perspective of the theory of warm disease. It is a warm infectious disease caused by epidemic. Xilei Powder was recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia from 1953 edition to 2010 edition. As China joined Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES), Xilei Powder was removed from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of 2015 edition due to the limitation of the use of animal drugs, such as ivory and rhinoceros horn. Xilei Powder has been widely used to treat such diseases as otolaryngology, fever, gynecological diseases, digestive diseases, and tumors. Does Xilei Powder have a unique place in clinical application? Can stable and effective alternative drugs be derived from original prescription? Due to the lack of theoretical studies on Xilei Powder, by consulting ancient books, monographs and papers, we comprehensively summarized and studied historical evolution and prescription connotation of Xilei Powder, and analyzed its drug origin and clinical application, in the hope to promote the theoretical study and clinical application.

Background: Level of 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) has been reported to be associated with clinical remission in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) receiving maintenance treatment with thiopurines. Whether 6-TGN levels are associated with mucosal healing (MH) has seldom been investigated. We aimed to assess the correlation between 6-TGN levels and MH in patients with CD., Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study of 119 patients with CD treated with thiopurines in 3 inflammatory bowel disease referral centers (France, Australia, and China) between June 2012 and April 2016. Established CD patients who underwent ileocolonoscopy during thiopurine treatment were included. MH was defined as simple endoscopic score-CD <3. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to evaluate variables associated with MH., Results: The mean concentration of 6-TGN in the MH group was higher compared with that in the non-MH group (359.0 ± 226.7 pmol/8 × 108 red blood cell count [RBC] vs 277.1 ± 170.5 pmol/8 × 108 RBC; P = 0.017). The cutoff 6-TGN concentration of 397.3 pmol/8 × 108 RBC was 86.7% specific to MH, with a sensitivity of 35.3% and area under curve (AUC) of 0.631 (P = 0.010). On multivariable analysis, 6-TGN levels were associated with MH (odds ratio [OR], 3.287; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.348-8.017; P = 0.009) whereas late initiation of AZA (longer duration from disease onset) was inversely associated with MH (OR, 0.972; 95% CI, 0.954-0.991; P = 0.004)., Conclusions: Higher 6-TGN levels are independently associated with a reduced rate of endoscopically active disease and a higher rate of mucosal healing in CD patients. Prospective studies of adequate sample size are required to confirm these findings.

Background and Aim: The distinction of intestinal fibrosis from inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD) associated strictures has important therapeutic implications. Ultrasound elastography is useful in evaluating the degree of fibrosis in liver, but there is little evidence whether it can assess fibrosis in the bowel. We determined whether shear-wave elastography (SWE), a novel modification of elastography, quantifying tissue stiffness, could differentiate between inflammatory and fibrotic components in strictures of patients with CD., Methods: Consecutive CD patients with ileal/ileocolonic strictures who underwent SWE within 1 week to surgical resection were enrolled. The SWE value of the stenotic bowel wall was compared to the grade and severity of fibrosis and inflammation, respectively, in the resected bowel specimen., Results: Thirty-five patients were enrolled. The mean SWE value of stenotic bowel wall was significantly higher in severe fibrosis (23.0 ± 6.3 Kpa) than that in moderate (17.4 ± 3.8 Kpa) and mild fibrosis (14.4 ± 2.1 Kpa)(P = 0.008). Using 22.55 KPa as the cutoff value in discriminating between mild/moderate and severe fibrosis, the sensitivity and specificity was 69.6 % and 91.7% with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.822 (P = 0.002). However, no significant difference regarding mean SWE existed among different grades of inflammation. The sensitivity and specificity of bowel vascularization score on conventional ultrasound in differentiating severe inflammation from mild/moderate was 87.5 % and 57.9% with AUC of 0.811 (P = 0.002). Combining SWE and conventional ultrasound (bowel vascularization score), we propose a bowel ultrasound classification of intestinal strictures. A moderate agreement between ultrasound and pathological classification was observed (κ = 0.536, P＜0.001)., Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that SWE is feasible and accurate in detecting intestinal fibrosis in patients with CD. After validation, combing SWE and bowel vascularization on conventional ultrasound might be applied to guide a management strategy in CD patients through defining the type of intestinal stricture. 10.1093/ibd/izy115&#95;video1izy115.video15777734754001.

To provide a theoretical basis for alpine source lake protection, ten samples were taken from each lake annually from 2012 to 2015. Each year, the various species of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients were measured. The average contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen in the four lakes are 0.195-0.0 mg/L, 0.038-0.143 mg/L, 0.004-0.168 mg/L, 0.006-0.740 mg/L, and 0.050-0.547 mg/L, respectively. The total phosphorus contents in Eling Lake, Longbao Lake and Sea Star were higher than Class I water quality standards, and the total nitrogen contents in Eling Lake, Sea Star and Zhaling Lake were higher than Class I water quality standards as well. The concentration contour maps of the nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen showed that the indicators of the four lakes in the east, the west, and the center of the lake did not have the same trend. From 2012 to 2015, each of the measured nutrients showed a rising trend year by year. The four lakes are polluted by both endogenous and exogenous pollution, and it is necessary to limit the exogenous pollution and protect the alpine lakes immediately.

Objective: The cornerstone of conventional treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is glucocorticoid (GC). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes such as multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) are related to patient's response to GC, and MDR1 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to IBD in Caucasians. We aimed to investigate whether the polymorphisms of five genes including MDR1 influence the response to GC in Chinese patients and the relationship between MDR1 and IBD susceptibility., Methods: SNPs were selected and genotyped in 156 IBD patients treated with GC and 223 healthy controls. Patients were evaluated and classified as GC-dependent, GC-resistant or responsive to GC after treatment., Results: The CC genotypes of rs1128503 and rs1045642 in MDR1 gene were more frequent in Crohn's disease (CD) patients who were GC-dependent than in those responsive to GC (odds ratio [OR] 6.583, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.760-24.628, P = 0.019 and OR 3.873, 95% CI 1.578-9.506, P = 0.009, respectively). The G allele of MDR1 rs2032582 was less frequent among CD patients than in controls (OR 0.668, 95% CI 0.484-0.921, P = 0.014). G allele carriers were also less likely to develop non-stricturing and non-penetrating CD (OR 0.661, 95% CI 0.462-0.946, P = 0.023) and ileocolonic CD (OR 0.669, 95% CI 0.472-0.948, P = 0.024)., Conclusions: Polymorphisms of MDR1 are associated with patient's GC response and a predisposition to CD in Chinese population. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of MDR1 polymorphisms in IBD and that as genetic markers for GC response., (© 2014 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.)

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopy with a transparent cap on biopsy positioning in Barrett's esophagus (BE)., Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight patients with suspected BE at endoscopy were enrolled in our study from November 2007 to December 2009 and divided into two groups: transparent cap group (n = 60) and control group (n = 108). Endoscopy with or without a transparent cap and subsequent biopsy of suspected lesions were performed by five experienced endoscopists in our hospital. In both groups, two biopsy specimens were taken from each patient, and the columnar epithelium or goblet cells in histological assessment were used as the diagnostic standard for BE., Results: In the transparent cap group, 41 cases were tongue type, while 17 and two cases were identified as island type and circumferential type, respectively. In the control group, 65 tongue-type cases were confirmed, with 38 island-type and five circumferential-type cases. Moreover, there was no significant difference with regard to the composition of endoscopic BE types in the two groups (P > 0.05). In the biopsy specimens, BE was detected in 50 cases in the transparent cap group (83.3%, 50/60), whereas the detection rate in the control group (69.4%, 75/108) was lower compared to that in the transparent cap group (P < 0.05). In addition, goblet cells were recognized in only eight cases (all with columnar epithelium) (8/60, 13.3%) in the transparent cap group, with 11 cases in the control group., Conclusion: Transparent cap-fitted endoscopy can guide biopsy positioning in BE without other accompanying complications, thus increasing the detection rate of BE.

Background: The physical and mental health of college-age youths tends to continuously decline around the world. It is therefore important to promote health during this period. As a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise, Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) may be an available selection. However for the college student population, the evidence is unclear as to whether TCC can be recommended as an effective exercise for promoting their physical and psychological wellbeing. Therefore high quality, rigorous, prospective, and well-controlled randomized trials are needed to further understand TCC serving as a psychological and physical intervention in college age populations., Method/design: We designed a randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial with a sample size of 206 participants. All the participants who meet the inclusion criteria come from Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (FJTCM). Participants of the TCC training group will receive TCC training at a frequency of five days per week for one hour per day for 12 weeks. No specific exercise will be administered on the participants in the control group. Both physical and mental health outcomes, including balance ability, lower limb proprioception, flexibility, physical fitness, self-efficacy, psychological symptoms, attention span, stress, self-esteem, mood and mindfulness, quality of life, and quality of sleep. Safety outcomes will be evaluated by blinded operators at baseline, 12 and 24-weeks post-intervention., Discussion: This protocol presents an objective design of a randomized, single-blind trial that will test the effectiveness and safety of TCC on the physical and psychological wellbeing of college students. If the outcome is positive, the results will provide higher quality evidence of TCC on the physical and mental health of college age populations., Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TRC-13003328.

Background: Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the world, and the prevalence of stroke tends to increase with age. Despite advances in acute care and secondary preventive strategies, primary prevention should play the most significant role in the reduction of the burden of stroke. As an important component of traditional Chinese Qigong, Baduanjin exercise is a simple, safe exercise, especially suitable for older adults. However, current evidence is insufficient to inform the use of Baduanjin exercise in the prevention of stroke.The aim of this trail is to systematically evaluate the prevention effect of Baduanjin exercise on ischemic stroke in the community elder population with high risk factors., Methods: A total of 170 eligible participants from the community elder population will be randomly allocated into the Baduanjin exercise group and usual physical activity control group in a 1:1 ratio. Besides usual physical activity, participants in the Baduanjin exercise group will accept a 12-week Baduanjin exercise training with a frequency of five days a week and 40 minutes a day. Primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline, 13 weeks (at end of intervention) and 25 weeks (after additional 12-week follow-up period)., Discussion: This study will be the randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise for primary prevention of stroke in community elder population with high risk factors of stroke. The results of this trial will help to establish the optimal approach for primary prevention of stroke., Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TRC-13003588.Registration date: 24 July, 2013.

Background: The physical and mental health of college students tends to continuously decline around the world. Since they are in a significant transition period which presents opportunities and challenges in health promotion, it is important to improve their health in this period. As a traditional Chinese exercise form which combines movements with breath and mind, Baduanjin may be one of the selectable effective exercises. However, evidence of Baduanjin exercise for college students has not been completely established. The primary aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin exercise for physical and mental health of college students through a rigorous randomization, parallel-controlled design., Method/design: We will conduct a randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial. A total of 222 college students from Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine who meet the eligibility criteria will be recruited and randomly allocated into Baduanjin training or usual exercise control group. Baduanjin training will last 12 weeks (1 h per day, 5 days per week). The physical and psychological outcomes, including lumbar muscle strength, lumbar proprioception function, physical fitness, as well as self-reported symptom intensity, stress, self-esteem, mood, quality of life, quality of sleep, and adverse events, will be evaluated by blinded outcome assessors at baseline, 13 weeks (at the end of intervention), and 25 weeks (after the 12-week follow-up period)., Discussion: This protocol presents an objective design of a randomized, single-blind trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin exercise for physical and mental health of college students. If the outcome is positive, the results will provide higher-quality evidence to better inform the college students regarding their selection about whether to receive such exercise., Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TRC-13003329. Registration date: 18 July, 2013.

To study the effects of different drip irrigation modes on the wine grape root distribution is the basis of formulating fertilization, irrigation, and over-wintering management practices for wine grape. Taking the wine grape "Cabernet Sauvignon" as test material, this paper studied the effects of different water-saving irrigation modes (drip irrigation under straw mulching, drip irrigation under plastic mulching, double-tube drip irrigation, and single-tube drip irrigation) on the root distribution of wine grape in the desert area of Northwest China, with the conventional furrow irrigation as the control. The root system of the "Cabernet Sauvignon" was distributed from 0 to 70 cm vertically, and from 0 to 120 cm horizontally. With double-tube drip irrigation, the root amount was the largest (138.3 roots per unit profile), but the root vertical distribution scope was narrowed by 20 cm, as compared to the control. Drip irrigation with straw mulching increased the root amount significantly, and increased the root horizontal distribution scope by 9.1%, as compared to the control. No significant difference was observed in the root number and root horizontal distribution scope between the drip irrigation under plastic mulching and the control, but the root vertical distribution scope with the drip irrigation under plastic mulching decreased by 20 cm. Single-tube drip irrigation increased the root number significantly, but had lesser effects on the root vertical or horizontal distribution, as compared to the conventional irrigation. It was suggested that the drip irrigation under straw mulching could be the best water-saving practice for the wine grape "Cabernet Sauvignon" in the study area.

Background: Partial atrioventricular septal defect (P-AVSD) is a common congenital heart disease. Because of the presence of left and right atrioventricular valve deformities and the shift in the atrioventricular node and cardiac conduction bundle, the surgical repair of P-AVSD is difficult. This study was performed to compare the effects on the coronary sinus septum in the left versus the right atrium during surgical treatment for P-AVSD and report our experiences regarding the application of on-pump beating heart surgery under mild hypothermia for patients with P-AVSD., Materials and Methods: The effects of on-pump beating heart surgery were analyzed retrospectively in 87 P-AVSD patients. Of the 87 total patients, 84 with anterior mitral leaflet cleft underwent valvuloplasty and 3 underwent mitral valve replacement. Seventy-seven patients underwent tricuspid valve annuloplasty, 2 underwent tricuspid valve replacement, and 1 underwent left superior vena cava ligation, and 3 patients with atrial fibrillation were treated with radiofrequency ablation. Patients with an ostium primum atrial septal defect underwent autologous pericardial modified Kirklin repair. Of these, 46 patients had their coronary sinus septum separated into the left atrium and 41 had their coronary sinus retained in the right atrium. Fingertip oxygen saturation was compared between patients in whom the coronary sinus was separated to the left atrium and those in whom the coronary sinus was retained in the right atrium., Results: There was 1 postoperative early death (1.15%) due to respiratory failure, and 1 patient had a III degree atrioventricular block (1.15%) and underwent implantation of a permanent pacemaker. The fingertip oxygen saturation levels of the left atrium group were 96.81 ± 3.17 preoperatively, 95.37 ± 4.62 at 7 days postoperatively, and 94.53 ± 4.95 at 3 months postoperatively. Those of the right atrium group were 98.53 ± 2.84 preoperatively, 97.19 ± 3.57 at 7 days postoperatively, and 96.89 ± 4.19 at 3 months postoperatively. During the follow-up period, which ranged from 3 months to 7 years, the cardiac function was adequately restored., Conclusions: On-pump beating heart surgery under mild hypothermia is a safe and feasible method. The retention of the coronary sinus in the right atrium might maintain oxygen saturation.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of anemia among patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in Chinese population and identify the possible risk factors., Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 441 patients with CD enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University between January 2003 and May 2012. The prevalence, severity, type of anemia in these patients was assessed when diagnosis was confirmed. A multivariate logistic regression including 122 patients was performed to screen risk factors of anemia., Result: The prevalence of anemia was 64.4% (284/441) with 69.0% (196/284) mild anemia, 28.9% (82/284) moderate anemia and 2.1% (6/284) severe anemia. The most common morphological classification was hypochromic microcytic anemia (43.7%, 124/284). Multivariate logistic regression showed the predictive factors for anemia were higher levels of modified Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) (OR = 1.007, 95% CI 1.002-1.013), platelet count (OR = 1.007, 95% CI 1.001-1.012), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR = 1.024, 95% CI 1.000-1.048), penetrating behavior (OR = 16.952, 95% CI 2.626-108.626), structuring behavior (OR = 6.717, 95% CI 1.583-28.507), older age at diagnosis (OR = 1.065, 95% CI 1.012-1.121),and lower body mass index (BMI) (OR = 0.769, 95% CI 0.633-0.935)., Conclusions: Anemia is a common complication in patients with CD among Chinese population. Activity of the underlying disease, older age at diagnosis, penetrating or structuring disease behavior and low BMI are the risk factors.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and differences between gender and grades of suicide ideation among middle school students in China from 2000 to 2012 so as to provide basis for suicide prevention among middle school students., Methods: Electronic search strategy was carried out, using PubMed, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and CBM to collect data on suicide ideation among middle school students. Fixed effects model or random effects model was employed according to statistical tests for the homogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by rank correlation test., Results: 40 papers were included for meta-analysis, with a total sample size of 320 375. The combined prevalence of suicide ideation was 17.99% (95%CI: 16.59% - 19.49%). Prevalence rates of suicide ideation were stratified by factors as gender and grade at school. Pooled prevalence rates on suicide ideation were as follows: 14.71% (95%CI: 13.42% - 16.11%) and 19.92% (95%CI: 19.30% - 21.64%), P < 0.05 for boys and girls;16.94% (95%CI: 15.35% - 18.66%) and 19.01% (95%CI: 17.23% - 20.93%), P < 0.05 for senior or junior high school students, respectively., Conclusion: There were differences in the prevalence of suicide ideation among middle school students between genders and grades in China.

Background and Aims: To investigate the risk factors for primary surgery and postoperative recurrence in a cohort of Chinese Crohn's disease (CD) patients., Methods: Medical notes of consecutive diagnosed patients from 2003 until 2010 were reviewed. Fifty-seven postoperative patients--finished regular follow-up--were recruited for postoperative recurrence analysis., Results: One hundred eleven of 323 (34.4%) patients of this cohort underwent primary surgery. The cumulative frequency of resection was 16.6%, 35.4%, 53%, and 94.5% for 1, 5, 10, and 30 years, respectively, after onset of disease. Male (OR: 1.994; 95% CI: 1.291-3.078, p = 0.002), stricture (OR: 4.832; 95% CI: 3.064-7.621, p = 0.000), or penetrating (OR: 4.923; 95% CI: 3.060-7.919, p = 0.000) were associated with an increased risk for primary surgery, while early use of immunomodulators was (OR: 0.438; 95% CI: 0.218-0.880, p = 0.020) associated with a decreased risk. Fifty-seven (21.1%) patients were diagnosed as postoperative clinical recurrence and the cumulative recurrence rates were 6.1%, 17.1%, and 36.8% for 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Perianal disease was associated with an increased risk for clinical recurrence (OR: 5.606; 95% CI: 1.59-19.766, p = 0.007)., Conclusions: The operation frequency is high in CD. Male, penetrating, and stricture diseases are associated with an increased risk for primary surgery while early use of immunomodulators is associated with a decreased risk. The postoperative recurrence rate is also high. Patients with perianal disease are at higher risk for clinical recurrence.

Introduction: This study analyzed the relationship between the ISEcp1 element and bla(CTX-M) genes of Escherichia coli isolates that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in community settings., Methods: Nineteen E. coli isolates that produced CTX-M-type β-lactamase were collected from four communities of elderly people in Shenyang, China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct sequencing were used to detect the insertion of the ISEcp1 element into the genetic environment of the bla(CTX-M) genes., Results: The ISEcp1 element was associated with several bla(CTX-M) gene types, including CTX-M-14, CTX-M-24, CTX-M-22, and CTX-M-79. Sequence analysis revealed that all of the ISEcp1-like DNA sequences contained the putative promoter region that is involved in CTX-M genes transcription. ISEcp1 insertion sequences were observed 42-127bp upstream of the open reading frames (ORFs) that encode the CTX-M enzymes in all 15 strains. The CTX-M-79 β-lactamase-encoding gene was observed with a different ISEcp1 insertion site and variable sequences between the ISEcp1 and bla(CTX-M-79) gene. For one strain (T298), the ISEcp1 element was disrupted by IS10., Conclusion: This work confirmed that the ISEcp1 elements were closely linked to bla(CTX-M) genes in community isolates from Shenyang, China., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

The investigation was carried out to elucidate the molecular characteristics and resistant mechanisms of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Thirty-seven isolates were collected from January 2007 to December 2007. The homology of the isolates was analyzed by both pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The genes of β-lactamases, adeB, and class 1 integron were polymerase chain reaction amplified. Genotype analysis of the 37 A. baumannii isolates by PFGE revealed the circulation of four PFGE types (A-D); the A- and B-type accounted for 48.6% and 40.5%, respectively. MLST showed the existence of three allelic profiles. The agar dilution method was carried out to determine the MIC of imipenem, in the absence or presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP, 10 μg/ml). The MICs of the strains to imipenem were between 16 μg/ml and 128 μg/ml. When CCCP was added, a MIC decrease of at least four-fold was observed in 20 isolates, which belonged to the A- or C-type. AdeB and bla (PER-1) genes were each detected in 35 isolates, bla (OXA-23) gene in 34 isolates and bla (OXA-58)-like gene in 24 isolates. All isolates harbored bla (OXA-51)-like genes. No isolates carried the bla (IMP-1) gene. Integron was detected in 25 isolates, which mediated the resistance to aminoglycosides and rifampin. The epidemiologic data suggested that the increasing infection of A. baumannii in our hospital was mainly caused by the inter-hospital spread of two epidemic clones. The AdeABC efflux system may be the important factor that leads to the high level of imipenem-resistance in PFGE A-type.

Background: To examine common antimicrobial regimens used in eradicating certain nosocomial gram-negative pathogens and determine which ones are likely to be the most suitable as empirical choices in Shenyang, China., Methods: A 5000-subject Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to determine the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) for meropenem, imipenem, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam and levofloxacin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected in 2006 and 2007 from Shenyang., Results: Meropenem and imipenem had the highest CFRs against the Enterobacteriaceae (97%-100%), followed by cefepime. No antibiotic simulated regimen achieved optimal CFR against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Piperacillin/tazobactam dosed at 4.5 g q8h achieved the lowest CFR against all bacteria., Conclusions: This study suggests that the carbapenems provide the greatest likelihood of clinical success for the Enterobacteriaceae, and combination therapy might be needed when choosing empirical therapy, especially when A. baumannii or P. aeruginosa are suspected.

Amorphallus konjac corms are important agriculture products in Yichang, Hubei Province, China. The Erwinia carotovora infected Amorphallus konjac corms are processed to food as normal corms. The contents of elements and L: -Proline in the normal and infected Amorphallus konjac corms are analyzed for food safety. Even growing in the almost same soil condition, the contents of Pb, Cd, Mn and L: -Proline in infected corms are significantly higher than those of normal corms (show data as suggestion by peers). Our study suggested that the infected corms are not suitable for food purpose.

The importance of community-acquired infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Escherichia coli has been increasingly recognized in recent years. No comprehensive data are available on the prevalence, risk factors, and genotypes of ESBL production in community residents in China. Rectal samples from 270 elderly people were collected in four communities in Shenyang (China). Colonies were screened by double-disk synergy test for ESBL production and then, ESBLs were characterized by PCR and sequencing. The clonal relatedness of all ESBL-producing isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Potential risk factors for rectal carriage of ESBL producers were examined by multivariate analysis. The prevalence of rectal carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli was 7.0%. All 19 ESBL-producing isolates produced CTX-M-type ESBLs, including CTX-M-14 (11 strains), CTX-M-22 (3 strains), CTX-M-79 (3 strains), CTX-M-24 (1 strain), and CTX-M-24 and CTX-M-79 together (1 strain). CTX-M-79 ESBL was first detected worldwide. ESBL-producing strains were clonally unrelated. Appearance of ESBL producers is strongly associated with the use of antibiotics in the past 3 months (odds ratio 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.0, P = 0.03). Our results show the importance of the intestinal tract as a reservoir for ESBL-producing isolates in community settings in China and that the use of antibiotics in the past 3 months is clearly linked to rectal carriage of ESBL producers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of the amino acid motifs found in penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) 2b, 2x, and 1a of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Shenyang, China, and to obtain information regarding the prevalence of alterations within the motifs or in positions flanking the motifs. For 18 clinical isolates comprising 4 penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae, 5 penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae, and 9 penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. the DNA sequences of PBP2b, PBP2x, and PBP1a transpeptidase domains were determined and then genotyped by multilocus sequence typing. Sequence analysis revealed that most penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae isolates (penicillin MIC > or = 1.5 microg/mL and cefotaxime MIC > or = 2 microg/mL) shared identical PBP2b, PBP2x, and PBP1a amino acid profiles. Most penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates were ST320 (4-16-19-15-6-20-1), the double-locus variant of the Taiwan19F-14 clone. This study will serve as a basis for future monitoring of genetic changes associated with the emergence and spread of beta-lactam resistance in Shenyang, China.

Objective: To investigate the vicissitudes of the proportion and the mortality of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE)., Methods: To analyze respectively the data of 442 patients with PTE admitted to the Fuwai Hospital during the period 1974-2002 were analyzed retrospectively., Results: The numbers of PTE in-patients every year during the 1970s and 48-79 cases in the early 2000s. The hospitalization constituent ratio of PTE was 0.1152% in 1970s and was 0.5866% in early 2000s. The age of onset ranged from 30 to 60. The tide age was from 30 to 60 in the male patients and from 40 to 60 in the female patients. The in-hospital mortality of PTE patients was descending from 20.0% in 1970s to 5.8% in early 2000s. The in-hospital mortality was 12.5% before 1990 and was 4.5% after 1990 (P = 0. 005). The in-hospital mortality rates of the male and female patients were 4.6% and 8.6% respectively (P = 0.09). The in-hospital mortality rates of the patients younger than 70 and elder than 70 were 5.5% and 19.0% respectively (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: PTE The mortality of PTE, which attacks males more frequently than females, and the proportions of the number of PTE in-patients to the number of the whole in-patients increased and the in-hospital mortality increased during the past 3 decades.

The scientific papers in "Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation" from 1997 to 2001 have been analysed by bibliometrics, including the characteristics of the periodical, its author's areas, units distribution and quotations. Some suggestions have been put forward to promote the biomedical engineering research.