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Objective: Accurately predicting knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is essential for early detection and personalized treatment. We aimed to develop and test a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based joint space (JS) radiomic model (RM) to predict radiographic KOA incidence through neural networks by integrating meniscus and femorotibial cartilage radiomic features. Methods: In the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort, participants with knees without radiographic KOA at baseline but at high risk for radiographic KOA were included. Patients' knees developed radiographic KOA, whereas control knees did not over four years. We randomly split the participants into development and test cohorts (8:2) and extracted features from baseline three‐dimensional double‐echo steady‐state sequence MRI. Model performance was evaluated using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity in both cohorts. Nine resident surgeons performed the reader experiment without/with the JS‐RM aid. Results: Our study included 549 knees in the development cohort (275 knees of patients with KOA vs 274 knees of controls) and 137 knees in the test cohort (68 knees of patients with KOA vs 69 knees of controls). In the test cohort, JS‐RM had a favorable accuracy for predicting the radiographic KOA incidence with an AUC of 0.931 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.876–0.963), a sensitivity of 84.4% (95% CI 83.9%–84.9%), and a specificity of 85.6% (95% CI 85.2%–86.0%). The mean specificity and sensitivity of resident surgeons through MRI reading in predicting radiographic KOA incidence were increased from 0.474 (95% CI 0.333–0.614) and 0.586 (95% CI 0.429–0.743) without the assistance of JS‐RM to 0.874 (95% CI 0.847–0.901) and 0.812 (95% CI 0.742–0.881) with JS‐RM assistance, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: JS‐RM integrating the features of the meniscus and cartilage showed improved predictive values in radiographic KOA incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increasingly complex global climatic environment and the rapid development of China's urban construction, China's historical and cultural cities are experiencing an external impact as well as internal fragility. Representing the capacity of the urban system to address impact and pressure, resilience can effectively guarantee the sustainable development of historical and cultural cities. A scientific and reasonable resilience assessment system can guide the resilience construction of historical and cultural cities in an effort to effectively counter the impact and pressure they face. Therefore, it is necessary to research the resilience of historical and cultural cities. On the basis of the complex adaptive system (CAS), and by applying multiple assessment indicators, this paper established a resilience assessment system for China's historical and cultural cities, comprising 38 indicators in six dimensions, to analyze the characteristics and the influencing mechanisms of the resilience of the historical and cultural cities and to reveal the inherent logic underlying their complex presentation. Using six historical and cultural cities in east China as an example, the study applied the assessment system to assess and analyze the different resilience levels of the cities. The comprehensive resilience of Changzhou City obtained the highest score at 0.64, indicating a higher degree of resilience; the scores of Yantai City, Huzhou City, and Nantong City were 0.59, 0.54, and 0.50, respectively, representing moderate degrees of resilience; the scores of Zhongshan City and Quzhou City were 0.44 and 0.40, respectively, exhibiting a lower degree of resilience. Moreover, the factors that result in an unbalanced development of urban resilience were explored from the perspectives of economy, system, and culture. The paper contains some significance in guiding the development of the resilience of historical and cultural cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the soil physicochemical properties and vegetation community characteristics of the Baotou light rare earth tailings pond after 10 years of aggregate spray seeding ecological restoration (S1) and ordinary soil spray seeding ecological restoration (S2), and the naturally restored dam slope area without human intervention (S3). The results showed that the vegetation community of S1 was dominated by Caragana korshinskii Kom, and its importance and abundance values were 0.40 and 38.4, respectively, while the vegetation communities of S2 and S3 mainly comprised herbaceous plants. Additionally, the vegetation biomass of S1 was significantly higher than that of S2 and S3 by 215.20% and 1345.76%, respectively, and the vegetation diversity index of S1 was the highest among the three treatment groups. The soil porosity (SP), water content (W), electrical conductivity (EC), and available K were significantly improved in S1, while soil bulk density (BD) was significantly reduced compared with that of S2 and S3. In addition, redundancy analysis revealed that SP, EC, W, and K positively correlate with the biomass, Shannon, Pielou, Simpson, and Marglef indices. Principal component analysis further showed that the comprehensive score of S1 (0.983) was higher than that of S2 (− 0.261) and S3 (− 0.648). Collectively, these findings indicate that appropriate ecological restoration can improve soil structure and vegetation community characteristics, thereby accelerating vegetation restoration, ultimately increasing the stability of the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is essential for understanding ecosystem functioning and the global carbon cycle. Utilizing meteorological and The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) remote sensing data, this study employed the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) and the Geostatistical Model of Soil Respiration (GSMSR) to map a monthly vegetation NEP in China from 1982 to 2020. Then, we examined the spatiotemporal trends of NEP and identified the drivers of NEP changes using the Geodetector model. The mean NEP over the 39-year period amounted to 265.38 gC·m−2. Additionally, the average annual carbon sequestration amounted to 1.89 PgC, indicating a large carbon sink effect. From 1982 to 2020, there was a general fluctuating increasing trend observed in the annual mean NEP, exhibiting an overall average growth rate of 4.69 gC·m−2·a−1. The analysis revealed that the majority of the vegetation region in China, accounting for 93.45% of the entirety, exhibited increasing trends in NEP. According to the Geodetector analysis, precipitation change rate, solar radiation change rate, and altitude were the key driving factors in NEP change rate. Furthermore, the interaction between the precipitation change rate and altitude demonstrated the most significant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving equitable and harmonized socio-economic development is a vital gauge of national progress, particularly in geographically extensive nations such as China. This study, employing nighttime lights as a socio-economic development indicator and remote sensing vegetation indices, investigates spatial variations in wealth distribution across China's eastern and western regions, delineated by the Hu Huanyong Line. It uncovers the balance between economic growth and green space preservation and discrepancies in development and green space allocation. A thorough county-level analysis using this nighttime light (NTL) and vegetation index exposes the dynamic shifts in socio-economic focal points. The Gini coefficient, assessing inequality and spatial autocorrelation within the index ratio, enriches our regional development understanding. The findings depict a heterogeneous yet rapid economic expansion, primarily within a 30 km coastal buffer zone. Despite a decrease in Gini coefficients in both eastern and western regions, the potential for inland development escalates as coastal illumination approaches saturation. This study unveils enduring, yet lessening, economic disparities between eastern and western China, underscoring the necessity for green preservation in eastern development plans. Moreover, inland regions emerge as potential areas for accelerated development. This study offers crucial insights for formulating balanced, sustainable regional development strategies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately estimating the forest farmers' protection costs for forest ecosystem services has become a hot issue in ecological economics. In this research, we propose a novel method of using an auction price model to evaluate the forest ecosystem services. We establish a functional relationship between forest farmers and the forestland that belongs to them based on experimental data from Xin'an River Basin in China. The results indicate that the average willingness of farmers to accept payment for forest ecosystem service protection in the low, middle, and high levels of forest quality is 17,123.10, 23,493.75, and 31,064.40 yuan/ha/year, respectively. Moreover, farmers with different individual characteristics, household characteristics, planting characteristics, policy cognition, and ecological awareness are also willing to be paid differently. This research can provide a reference for forest ecosystem protection policies and assist the sustainable forestry development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil sodicity and salinization is a major issues concerning agricultural production in northeast China. The effects of six treatments—no tillage (NT), no tillage and subsoiling (NTS), rotary and ridge tillage (RT), rotary and ridge tillage and subsoiling (RTS), rotary and flat tillage (FT), and rotary and flat tillage and subsoiling (FTS)—on soil physical and chemical properties and yields were compared from 2016 to 2018. The results showed that compared with the RT treatment, which is the traditional tillage method in this area, and the FT treatment, the NT treatment increased the soil water content (SWC) during the first‐leaf growth stage (V1). The use of subsoiling increased the average daily temperature and the soil thermal time (TTsoil). Subsoiling contributed to the growth and development of deep roots and increased leaf area index (LAI) to intercept more radiation. The NTS treatment increased grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) by 2.7–15.2%, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by 4.2–14.4%, and water use efficiency (WUE) by 5.4–16.5% compared with RT. In conclusion, NTS soil management practices appear to be a sustainable approach to farming in the semiarid region of the Songnen Plain. Core Idea: Subsoiling reduced the BD and increased the SWC and average daily temperature.The NT treatment reduced soil salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The delivery of potentially reactive iron minerals to the marine environment exerts a major control on ocean and marine sediment biogeochemistry, including the preservation and burial of organic carbon. One aspect of the global iron cycle that has received little attention concerns the phase partitioning of iron in highly chemically-weathered sediments from (sub)tropical mountainous regions, where the sediment is commonly deposited directly onto adjacent continental margins. Here, we report the phase partitioning of particulate iron in surface seafloor sediments deposited from oxic bottom waters along the east coast of China, including the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea, in addition to the continental shelf region adjacent to the (sub)tropical mountainous island of Hainan in the northern South China Sea. We document highly reactive (Fe HR) to total iron (Fe T) ratios for the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea that are typical of global marine sediments deposited under oxic water column conditions. By contrast, Fe HR /Fe T ratios in Hainan offshore sediments are significantly elevated above normal oxic marine sediments. These Hainan offshore sediments display a strong positive correlation between Fe HR /Fe T ratios and the chemical index of alteration (CIA) weathering proxy, suggesting that the Fe speciation systematics are controlled by the intensity of chemical weathering. This observation is supported by additional geochemical data and Nd isotope analyses, which suggest a common source lithology for all the studied regions. The Hainan sediments thus document a specific scenario, whereby highly chemically weathered sediments from the mountainous Hainan region bypass the inner shore settings that commonly disproportionately trap Fe (oxyhydr)oxide minerals, depositing high concentrations of Fe HR on the adjacent continental margin. Such enrichments likely aid in the preservation of organic carbon in marine sediments, suggesting that organic carbon preservation and burial may be enhanced by elevated Fe HR in such settings. We also establish a set of essential criteria for potential recognition of chemical weathering-induced enrichments in Fe HR /Fe T ratios in ancient marine sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the effect of river impoundment on carbon dynamics, a large reservoir in a subtropical area, the Xinanjiang Reservoir, was investigated in detail. CO emissions from the water-air interface was studied, as was organic carbon burial in sediment. The results show a significant seasonal difference in CO emissions. River impoundment led to the enhancement of aquatic photosynthesis, generating large amounts of authigenic organic carbon that was then buried in sediment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Albizzia is a leguminous genus belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae with approximately 150 modern species, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia and America. Among them, 17 species are mainly distributed in southern and southwestern China. Abundant fossils of the subfamily Mimosoideae, including leaves, pods, flowers and wood, have been reported from the Cretaceous and Paleogene strata of the Northern Hemisphere. However, Neogene records of Mimosoideae are relatively scarce. In this study, fossil pods and leaves belonging to the genus Albizzia from the Bangmai Formation of Yunnan, China were described. They were assigned to three species, including Albizzia scalpelliformis Guo, Li and Xie Emended, Albizzia cf. kalkora (Roxb.) Prain and Albizzia sp. The occurrence of Albizzia fossils from Lincang not only gives important information on the Neogene plant diversity from Yunnan-a worldwide famous biological hotspot-but also provides additional evidence for its phytogeographic history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban green space (UGS) planning and design can not only influence economic development and the ecological environment but also have a significant impact on urban public health. Facing the increasingly serious public health crisis in megacities, promoting environmental justice in UGS, and improving the health and well-being of urban residents have become critical issues to be addressed in response to the global urban sustainable development goals (SDGs). Using data from a survey of 682 residents in the central district of Tianjin, we constructed a structural equation model based on theoretical analyses of spatial justice, social stratification, and Rawls' theory to reveal injustices in the accessibility of health benefits of UGS among residents of different socioeconomic status (SES) and explore the ways in which SES affects residents' health and well-being via UGS. The results indicate that: (1) Increasing the intensity of green space exposure can improve residents' health and well-being, but due to the urban green space premium effect, inequities exist among residents of different SES in enjoying the health benefits of UGS, thus deepening health inequality in megacities. (2) SES can influence residents' health and well-being through three paths: "green premium mechanism", "green exposure mechanism", and "green chain mechanism", and green space premium and green space exposure play a mediating role in the influence of SES on residents' health and well-being. (3) To promote environmental justice in UGS, provide urban human care, and guarantee public health equality, the UGS in China's megacities needs to be further explored in terms of UGS layout optimization, service quality improvement, and management system guarantee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Muddy debrite, muddy turbidite and laminated shale make up the main shale oil reservoir types of the Chang 7 member. • Mudstones and shales in study area contain relatively abundant brittle minerals, which are favorable for the hydraulic fracturing. • Laminated shales in the continental lake basin usually possess the highest hydrocarbon production capacity. • Mudstones and shales were deposited under reducing freshwater lacustrine conditions, and most of them are mature, plankton and terrestrial plants were the main parent materials of organic matter. Organic-rich lacustrine mudstones and shales in Chang 7 member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation are potential shale oil reservoirs. Petrographic and geochemical data were used to study their lithologic and geochemical characteristics, mineral composition and sedimentary environments. Three different types of deep lacustrine deposits are identified, including unstratified massive mudstone (muddy debrite), normally graded mudstone (muddy turbidite) and laminated shale. Mudstones and shales contain relatively abundant brittle minerals (quartz, feldspar, pyrite and carbonates), which are favorable for the hydraulic fracturing. Terrigenous input and diagenesis conversion process are the main sources of felsic minerals. Laminated shales yield the highest TOC values (average of 7.47%) as well as S 1 and S 2 values. Most of the mudstones and shales contain Type II organic matter, while contain little Type I organic matter. The Ro and T max values combined with OEP versus CPI and C 29 ββ/(ββ + αα)sterane versus αααC 29 sterane20S/(20S + 20R) discrimination diagrams and Ts/(Ts + Tm) ratios, indicate that the mudstones and shales are mature. Ph/C 18 versus Pr/C 17 and Pr/Ph versus gammacerane/C 30 -hopane discrimination diagrams together with U/Th, V/(V + Ni) and Ce/La ratios show that mudstones and shales reflect a reducing depositional environment. N-alkanes of ΣnC 21 -/ΣnC 22 + values and C 27 -C 29 regular sterane distributions suggest that plankton and terrestrial plants are the parent materials of organic matter. In addition, small amounts of extended homohopanes (>C 31) and gammacerane combined with Sr/Ba values support a fresh water depositional environment. These conditions have resulted in high quality and widespread distribution of organic mudstones and shale, which are favorable for shale oil exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proppants hold fractures open and increase fracture conductivity but must survive and remain functional during pressure drawdown. The shale reservoir usually suffers a high effective stress during gas depletion whilst most previous experiment works are conducted under a relative low stress level. In this work, permeability evolution was explored in a proppant-supported natural fracture of Longmaxi shale from the Sichuan Basin, China under a large effective stress range (1.5–59.5 MPa). Proppant performance was examined via continuous permeability measurements and by optical microscopy and laser-classifier measurements of particle size distributions (PSD) recored both pre- and post-loading. The permeability of the propped shale fracture is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the non-propped fracture and strongly controlled by the proppant behaviour. Surprisingly, overall permeability of the proppant pack decreases with an increase in thickness of the enclosed proppant. The decrease in the permeability with high stresses is largest for unpropped fractures and decreases with an increase in the number of layers. Most important, the mean compressibility of the non-propped and propped fracture is not constant but reduces with an increase in confining stress. This indicates that the compaction, crushing, embedment and repacking of the proppant particles, because of high effective stress, resulting in a decrease in the porosity of the proppant pack further reducing the compressibility and permeability of the supported fracture. • Permeability evolution was explored in a proppant-supported natural fracture under high (1.5–59.5 MPa) effective stress. • Proppant performance was examined via permeability measurements and particle size distributions (PSD) recored. • Overall permeability of the proppant pack decreases with an increase in thickness of the enclosed proppant. • The mean compressibility of the non-propped and propped fracture reduces with an increase in confining stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave heating fracturing is potentially a green stimulation technology for gas shale recovery. However, the mechanism together with permeability evolution of microwave irradiated reservoir remain unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, the responses of Longmaxi shale from the Sichuan Basin, southwest China, to both continuous and intermittent microwave stimulation along variable microwave heating paths were explored. A complex thermally-induced fracture network can be formed gradually without sudden collapse under intermittent microwave irradiation. Changes in the petrophysical parameters of the shale including wave velocity, weight and volume at different intermittent microwave irradiation steps were measured together with temperature variation. The evolution of permeabilities for the two shale samples with alternately parallel and vertical beddings at different effective stresses was analyzed both before and after microwave irradiation. After the last step of intermittent microwave irradiation in this study, the shale permeability increased by two to four orders of magnitude for the shale sample with flow parallel to bedding and one to two orders of magnitude with flow perpendicular to bedding. Microwave treatment accentuates the anisotropy between bedding-parallel and bedding-normal permeabilities. Evolving pore size was measured by high-pressure mercury porosimetry and thermal-induced fracture characteristics and the changes of mineral composition were characterized by SEM combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Thermally- and chemically-induced swelling stresses are mainly responsible for the development of fractures and micro-porosity in the shale. A permeability model with variable compressibility coefficient was adopted to fit the experimental data for shale permeability across a wide range of effective stresses from 2.5 MPa to 59.5 MPa. Shale fracture compressibility decreases in the later stage of microwave irradiation, suggesting the hardening of thermal-induced fractures. • Response of Longmaxi shale to variable microwave heating paths were explored. • The evolutions of permeabilities were analyzed both before and after microwave radiation. • A complex heating-induced fracture network was generated under the intermittent microwave radiation. • After microwave irradiation, the shale permeability increased by two to four orders of magnitude. • Microwave treatment accentuated the anisotropy between bedding-parallel and bedding-normal permeabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bedding-parallel calcite veins (BPCVs) occur widely in Upper Cretaceous lacustrine shales of the Qingshankou Formation in the Northern Songliao Basin, China. Research on the formation processes and geological significance of BPCVs has focused on the sources of fluid, timing of formation, initiation, dilation and growth mechanisms, and on relationships with hydrocarbon generation. In this study, we addressed these issues through a comprehensive study of drill cores containing BPCVs using petrographic observations, isotope geochemistry, rare earth element (REE) analysis, fluid inclusion analysis, in situ U–Pb dating, and basin modeling. BPCVs were observed in medium–high maturity shales with high organic matter contents with heterogeneous compositions. Similarities in δ13C, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr, and REEs contents between BPCVs and the host shale indicate that locally derived formation fluids driven by chemical gradients were involved in BPCV formation. The in situ U–Pb age dating (70 ± 8.9 Ma and 70.6 ± 9.7 Ma) constrained BPCVs formation to the late Cretaceous, corresponding to a burial depth of ∼1600 m, indicating that the BPCVs formed in the oil window. The latter is also supported by fluid inclusions-derived temperatures (∼76–109 °C). BPCV formation included vein initiation and dilation, and the microstructures, e.g., domal and pincer structures, sigmoidal calcite veins, conjugate en-échelon calcite vein arrays, as well as mechanical crystal twins of the BPCVs, all indicate that tectonic compression influenced fracture development as also indicated in other basins where beef occur. Fluid overpressure caused by hydrocarbon generation, tectonic compression, and clay mineral transformation (mainly smectite to illite conversion) was responsible for vein dilatation. Antitaxial fibrous crystals with smooth crystal boundaries and high aspect ratios, containing sinusoidal solid inclusions as well as median planes, indicate that crystallization force promoted vein growth. Thus, BPCVs can be used as a good indicator of hydrocarbon generation, and horizontal tectonic compression. • Bedding-parallel calcite veins (BPCVs) occur widely in medium–high maturity lacustrine shales of the Songliao Basin. • Locally derived formation fluids driven by chemical gradients were involved in BPCV formation. • The in situ U–Pb age dating indicates that the BPCVs formed in the oil window. • Tectonic compression influenced fracture development, and crystallization force promoted BPCV growth. • BPCVs can be used as a good indicator of hydrocarbon generation, and horizontal tectonic compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First report of Li isotope data in the Cryogenian clastic sedimentary strata. • Negative Li isotopic excursion in the basal Cryogenian interglacial interval. • Low Li isotope values suggested enhanced silicate weathering intensity. • Extensive seawater euxinia was triggered by intense silicate weathering. The Cryogenian Period comprised two episodes of global glaciation (Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations) separated by a non-glacial interval, which was characterized by early radiations of eukaryotic algae and putative metazoans. Geochemical data indicate that the non-glacial interval might be marked by a transient marine oxygenation, nevertheless oceanic redox conditions varied both in time and space. Further, the links between non-glacial climate and marine redox variations are not well constrained. Here we present high-resolution lithium isotope (δ 7 Li), Fe speciation and trace element (Mo and U) data for clastic sedimentary rocks from the Cryogenian interglacial Datangpo Formation, South China, in order to track the evolution of continental chemical silicate weathering and driving factors behind marine redox variability during the Cryogenian non-glacial interval. A significantly negative δ 7 Li excursion of ∼ − 5 ‰ is observed in the basal Datangpo Formation, suggesting a dramatic increase in chemical silicate weathering intensity in the aftermath of the Sturtian glaciation. Expansion and contraction of anoxic-sulfidic conditions, as demonstrated by Fe speciation and trace element (Mo and U) data, mirror changes in silicate weathering intensity. Our study provides evidence that greater nutrient and sulfate availability, due to high silicate weathering intensity associated with increased exposure of fresh rocks and a warm climate, facilitated the spread of euxinic waters over the continental margins of the otherwise ferruginous Cryogenian ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence and radiation of metazoans have been widely attributed to a progressively more oxidizing surface environment through the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition interval. However, the root causes for atmospheric and oceanic oxygenation are still disputed. Long-term tectonic changes could possibly have led to atmospheric oxygenation but geochemical evidence for this linkage remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed the radiogenic Nd isotopic compositions (εNd) of shallow-marine carbonates from South China in order to track secular variations in terrestrial inputs from Ediacaran to early Cambrian time. Compared with most other geochemical indices, the Nd isotope system in carbonates is less susceptible to early diagenetic exchange and can thus act as a robust proxy for continental materials undergoing weathering. We interpret an abrupt excursion to lower εNd values during the middle Ediacaran as due to rapid exchange of different water masses. However, the more gradual trend towards lower Nd isotope values from the Ediacaran to early Cambrian, accompanied by increasing 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the studied carbonates, likely indicates the enhanced weathering of old continental rock following the assembly of Gondwana. Increased net accumulation of atmospheric oxygen as a result of enhanced organic carbon burial may have benefited from intense continental denudation. • High time-resolution Nd isotope data in shallow carbonates from the Ediacaran to early Cambrian were reported. • Nd isotopes of shallow carbonate were dominated by terrestrial input, as well as seawater exchange. • Decreasing Nd isotopes suggested a long-term enhanced continental denudation from the middle Ediacaran. • Oceanic oxygenation in the early Cambrian was attributed to intense continental denudation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both coal and uranium resources are found in the Dongsheng area which is located in the northern part of Ordos Basin, China with the coal seam below the uranium deposit. In this paper, we attempt to study the feasibility of co-exploitation of the coal seam and the uranium deposit. The permeability evolution in strata around the coal seam are selected as the key parameter indexing the separate and safe concurrent recovery of two deposits and a novel strain-dependent permeability model is proposed covering the full deformation range of rock. The proposed model is first verified with experimental data with good fitting of the results. Then an upscaled numerical model is established considering the geology conditions of Dongsheng area. This is implemented using COMSOL Multiphysics; and the interface of COMSOL with MATLAB is used to study the damage to the rock mass. We show that (a) compared with the stress-dependent permeability model, the strain-dependent permeability model proposed in this work has the advantage that each strain value is associated with a unique permeability value; (b) The feasibility of co-exploitation of the coal seam and the uranium deposit depends on the relative distance between two resources. When the caved and fractured zone encroaches on the uranium deposit the coal seam should be abandoned. Conversely, when the uranium deposit lays in the constrained zone, the recovery of the coal seam would benefit recovery of the uranium deposit; (c) The feasibility of the co-recovery of the two resources can be optimized by the choice of mining approach. The top-caving mining approach and room-and-pillar mining approach can reduce the height of the caved and fractured zones and make the co-exploitation of the uranium and coal feasible. This work provides a new approach to investigate the feasibility of co-exploitation of uranium and coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indian jointvetch (Aeschynomene indica) is a common and pernicious weed found in the upland direct-seeding rice fields in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. However, there are few reports on the degree of harm, genetic characteristics, and management methods of this weed. The purpose of this study is to clarify the harm of Indian jointvetch to upland direct-seeding rice, analyze the genetic characteristics of this weed based on chloroplast genomics and identify its related species, and screen herbicides that are effective in managing this weed in upland direct-seeding rice fields., Results: In a field investigation in upland direct-seeding rice paddies in Shanghai and Jiangsu, we determined that the plant height and maximum lateral distance of Indian jointvetch reached approximately 134.2 cm and 57.9 cm, respectively. With Indian jointvetch present at a density of 4/m 2 and 8/m 2 , the yield of rice decreased by approximately 50% and 70%, respectively. We further obtained the first assembly of the complete chloroplast (cp.) genome sequence of Indian jointvetch (163,613 bp). There were 161 simple sequence repeats, 166 long repeats, and 83 protein-encoding genes. The phylogenetic tree and inverted repeat region expansion and contraction analysis based on cp. genomes demonstrated that species with closer affinity to A. indica included Glycine soja, Glycine max, and Sesbania cannabina. Moreover, a total of 3281, 3840, and 3838 single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the coding sequence regions of the cp. genomes of S. cannabina voucher IBSC, G. soja, and G. max compared with the A. indica sequence, respectively. A greenhouse pot experiment indicated that two pre-emergence herbicides, saflufenacil and oxyfluorfen, and two post-emergence herbicides, florpyrauxifen-benzyl and penoxsulam, can more effectively manage Indian jointvetch than other common herbicides in paddy fields. The combination of these two types of herbicides is recommended for managing Indian jointvetch throughout the entire growth period of upland direct-seeding rice., Conclusions: This study provides molecular resources for future research focusing on the identification of the infrageneric taxa, phylogenetic resolution, and biodiversity of Leguminosae plants, along with recommendations for reliable management methods to control Indian jointvetch., (© 2024. The Author(s).)