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Introduction: Studies on the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited. In this study, we aimed to clarify the association between ETS at different trimesters of pregnancy and the risk of GDM among non‐smoking pregnant women. Methods: A total of 16,893 non‐smoking mothers from the Southwest Birth Cohort, China, were included in the final analyses. Exposure and outcome measures included self‐reported ETS status at different trimesters of pregnancy and GDM diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the association between ETS and GDM. Results: The prevalence of ETS exposure was 25.7%. Compared with no ETS, ever ETS had an increased risk of GDM, with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 1.21 (1.09, 1.33). The association remained consistent at different trimesters of pregnancy ETS exposure. In the last trimester and with continuous ETS exposure, the risk of GDM increased significantly with the increase in the duration of the exposure. The risk of GDM associated with ever ETS during pregnancy significantly increased in mothers over 30 years old and pre‐pregnancy overweight (P for interaction <0.05). Conclusions: ETS exposure at different trimesters of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of GDM among non‐smoking pregnant women. These findings emphasise the importance of preventing ETS exposure during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative source apportionment of ecological and health risks is essential to identify the priority control factors for risk control of soil heavy metals (HMs). A total of 144 topsoil samples were collected from Southeastern Yunnan Province to explore sources using positive matrix factorization (PMF), and source-specific risks were then evaluated by combining PMF and probabilistic risk assessment. The results indicated agricultural activities (16.1%), industrial activities (37.3%), vehicle emissions (19.6%), and natural sources (27.1%) were potential sources for soil HMs. Probabilistic ecological risk assessment revealed that As (70.62%) and Cr (61.52%) had higher ecological risk compared with other soil HMs. Probabilistic health risk assessment indicated that noncarcinogenic risk descended in the order of children (91.73%) > teenagers (70.66%) > adults (13.29%) > older adults (14.64%). Children had the highest carcinogenic risk (90.21%), while the lowest carcinogenic risk (5.58%) was found for teenagers. Source-specific risk assessment showed that industrial activities contributed the most to the ecological and carcinogenic risks, followed by natural sources, agricultural activities, and vehicle emissions. Moreover, the contributors to noncarcinogenic risks were ranked in the decreasing order of industrial activities, agricultural activities, natural sources, and vehicle emissions. Thus, industrial activities, As and Cr were determined the priority control factor in this study. The results provided scientific information to propose the strategies for pollution prevention and risk control of soil HMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have investigated concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in rice in China, but have come to divergent conclusions. Therefore we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the available evidence on levels of Pb and Cd in rice in different regions of China in order to assess the potential risk to human health. The meta-analysis included 24 studies of Pb levels and 29 studies of Cd levels, published in 2011–2021. The pooled Pb concentration in rice was 0.10 mg per kg dry weight (95% CI 0.08−0.11), while the pooled Cd concentration was 0.16 mg per kg dry weight (95% CI 0.14−0.18). These levels are within the limits specified by national food safety standards. However, the total target hazard quotient for both metals exceeded 1.0 for adults and children, suggesting that rice consumption poses a health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the trends and disparities in the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in China by regions and specific groups over the last 30 years. PubMed, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP database, official websites of national governments and professional institutions/associations were systematically searched, for related reports and studies published up until December 2021. Reports based on nationally representative survey data were also examined and included. In mainland China, overweight and obesity decreased in pre‐school children (≤6 years old) and increased in school‐aged children (7–18 years old) between 2010 and 2013 to 2015 and 2017, but long‐term trends predict future increases in both groups. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school students in Hong Kong dropped from 21.4% in 2007–2008 to 17.6% in 2016–2017. In Macao, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 6–18 years was reported by age stratification; the lowest and highest prevalence was 13.4%, 29.3% and 9.2%, 21.7% for boys and girls in latest survey in 2015, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary, middle and high school students in Taiwan dropped from 28.2%, 27.1% and 31.1% in 2010 to 26.7%, 25.2% and 26.7% in 2013, respectively. Furthermore, in mainland China, the prevalence in rural left‐behind boys and girls was 10.7% and 7.0%, respectively, in 2011, and the prevalence among migrant pre‐school children was about 5.0% around 2010. In summary, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school‐aged children has increased in mainland China and Macao, but decreased in Hong Kong and Taiwan prior to 2017. The projections suggest that the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in pre‐school children will be in rural children in the future. These factors need to be considered when formulating and implementing national policies and programmes to fight overweight and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately understanding the characteristics of a wetland ecological restoration plant communities and their species diversity relationships is the key to improving wetland management and biodiversity protection. To see the effects of restoration strategies implemented in Xinqiang River National Wetland Park, China, we studied 4 models for ecological restoration, namely protection and conservation (PC), reasonable utilization (RU), restoration and reconstruction (RR) and the building of constructed wetland (CW). We then analyzed the features of the plant communities, species diversity and soil properties, and carried out a correlation analysis between plant communities and the species diversity. Finally, we selected four key communities and analyzed their features and soil properties using a symmetric matrix. Results showed that the soil in the PC model had the highest amount of available phosphorus, available nitrogen and pH value. The soil had higher moisture content in the RU model and CW model than the other 2 models. Based on the correlation analysis, we found that there are obvious common characteristics among different ecological restoration types, that is, the diversity characteristics of tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer have obvious differentiation characteristics. We identified four features of the community characteristics that could improve species diversity: SA, TH, HH and SCD. The results of this study have provided a theoretical basis that there is a coupling relationship between ecological community characteristics and species diversity. The above coupling results have practical significance for maintaining good ecological structure and diversity protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuously high housing prices in large and medium-sized cities in China indicate that the urban housing provision system (HPS) has some drawbacks. One reason is that the housing rental market has long been ignored by authorities. In this paper, we divided the development process of HPSs into five stages from the view of housing purchases and rentals. Then, we analyzed the possible housing demand change of citizens based on changed migration distribution, demographic trends, and housing affordability. Subsequently, we established a distance coordination model to determine the coordination level between the housing purchase market and the housing rental market and found that the western region in China has the highest degree of coordinated development, followed by the eastern region, and the central region has the lowest. Finally, we proposed six preliminary strategies to optimize the HPS in the new era, and they can be summarized as (i) realizing virtuous interactions between the policies of the central government and the local government on two housing markets, (ii) reducing the development gap between the housing purchase market and the housing rental market, and (iii) establishing a Housing with Joint Property Rights system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Some postmarketing Chinese patent formulas have been widely used to treat atherosclerosis (AS) and play critical roles in Chinese healthcare. However, the usage of these herbs is yet controversial due to unclear effects and lack of understanding of the mechanism of action. With the modernization of traditional Chinese formulas, we are to elucidate the atheroprotective properties of these remedies from successful postmarketing experiments in vivo. Methods. In this systematic review, we critically searched the databases, applied stringent criteria, assessed the methodological quality, and examined the current evidence in vivo. Results. Consequently, 60 studies were included in the present qualitative synthesis. Data on models, high-fat diet, intervention time, outcome measures, efficacy, and mechanisms were collected. Finally, 23 formulas that could alleviate AS were correlated to the amelioration of plaques, improvement of plaque stability, modification of lipid level and lipid metabolism, and the effects of anti-inflammation and antioxidant stress with multiple components and targets. However, the methodological quality was low and incomplete among the included literature. Conclusions. Thus, taken together, the studies on postmarketing Chinese patent formulas would provide a novel approach to improve the treatment of AS, and rigorously designed studies would provide high-quality evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Straw-incorporation has been widely utilized as an important practice for agricultural soil carbon sequestration, but few studies have been performed to investigate its impact on cropland runoff and erosion. In this study, the relationships between straw-incorporation rate and cropland runoff and erosion were quantified through field observations in the black soil region of Northeast China. Runoff and erosion were significantly influenced by straw-incorporation rate. Compared to the treatment without straw-incorporation, the mean runoff depth and soil erosion rate of seven observed rainfall events reduced by − 0.04–0.72 mm and − 3.34–15.34 t km−2. Under different straw-incorporation rates, the runoff reduction percentage (RRP) and erosion reduction percentage (ERP) varied from 7.3% to 90.3% and − 4.2–92.5%, with the means of 62.5% and 61.4%. RRP was mainly attributed to plant coverage, root mass density and the maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity, while plant coverage, leaf area index and the maximum rainfall intensity of ten minute were identified as the main factors influencing ERP. These parameters could explain 47%, 6%, 47% and 45%, 44%, 11% of total variations of soil erosion and runoff, respectively. Overall, straw-incorporation was effective in mitigating runoff and erosion under non-extreme rainfall event when straw-incorporation rate was greater than 4.5 t hm−2. Straw-incorporation rate of 9 t hm−2 had the best benefits to control runoff and erosion, followed by 13.5 t hm−2, while 1.125 t hm−2 had the least benefits. Our results highlight an importance of straw-incorporation in reducing cropland runoff and erosion and the implication for controlling soil erosion and associated environment problems by selecting best crop straw managements in semi-humid region of the world. • Straw incorporation is effective to reduce cropland runoff and erosion. • The best incorporation rate to mitigate cropland runoff and erosion was 9 t hm−2. • PC, EI 30 and RMD were the dominant factors influencing runoff. • The dominant factors influencing soil erosion were PC, LAI and EI 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use type can impact soil properties and the characteristics of plant community, which in turn likely affect soil erodibility. The irrational land use induced by the fast conversion from natural forestland to cropland certainly leads to serious soil erosion. Few studies have been conducted to assess the potential effect of land use type on soil erodibility at small watershed scale. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of six typical land use types on soil erodibility reflected by soil penetration resistance (PR), mean weigh diameter (MWD), mean number of drop impact (MND), slaking rate (SR), soil erodibility of K factor, soil organic matter content (SOM), soil structural stability index (SSI), soil cohesion (Coh), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s) and an integrated comprehensive soil erodibility index (CSEI) in a small watershed of rolling hill northeast China. The results revealed that MWD , MND , SOM , Coh and K s varied significantly with land use type, with their maximum appeared in forest belt and their minimum occurred in road. The measured PR and SR exhibited an opposite trend. The calculated K factor and SSI were relatively stable or slightly fluctuating with land use type. Significant differences were found in soil texture, bulk density, root mass density and litter mass density between different land use types. CSEI varied extremely with land use type. CSEI of road was the maximum (0.855), while transverse forest belt had the minimum one (0.136). Compared to road, CSEI decreased by 14.3%, 10.8%, 26.5%, 36.9%, 33.3% and 65.7% for maize, soybean, grassland, shrub land, woodland and longitudinal forest belt, respectively. CSEI was significantly decreased and increased linearly with root mass density and bulk density. The results provide insights to understand the differences in soil erosion under different land use types in agricultural small watershed characterized by rolling hills. • Different changes were detected in nine erodibility indicators with land use type. • CSEI varied significantly with land use type, with road and TFB had the largest and smallest CSEI. • RMD and BD were the dominant factors influencing the variation in CSEI with land use type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effects of slope position on soil erodibility were quantified by multi-indicators. • Different trends were detected in nine erodibility indicators with slope position. • CSEI increased from upper to middle and then decreased quickly to lower position. • SOM and PC th were the dominant factors influencing the variation in CSEI. The position of the rolling hill slope has considerable effects on soil properties and crop growth via the spatial heterogeneity of erosion intensity, which in turn probably impacts soil erodibility. However, few studies have been carried out to quantify the potential effects of slope position on soil erodibility indicators on long gentle slope. This study aimed to quantify the spatial variations in soil erodibility indicators of soil cohesion (Coh), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s), mean weigh diameter (MWD), mean number of drop impact (MND), soil penetration resistance (PR), soil structural stability index (SSI), soil erodibility of K factor, slaking rate (SR), organic matter content (SOC) and a comprehensive soil erodibility index (CSEI) on two typical rolling hill slopes in northeast China. Soil properties, root mass density (RMD) and litter mass density (LMD) were determined to explain the spatial change of soil erodibility indicators with slope position. The results showed that Coh, MWD, MND, PR and SOC declined from upper to middle, and then increased continuously until to lower position. The distinctly opposite changes were found in K s and SR with slope position. No distinct variation was observed in K factor and SSI with slope position. For both two slopes, CSEI increased from upper to middle, and then decreased quickly to lower position. Compared to middle position, the mean reduces of two tested hillslopes were 51.72%, 14.74%, 24.28% and 72.52% for upper to lower positions, respectively. The results of Path analysis showed that SOM was the main factors contributing to the variation of CSEI with slope position. This study confirmed that the middle position is the most susceptible area to erosion on long gentle rolling hillslope. The results are helpful to understand the spatial variation in soil erosion intensity and design soil conservation measures on long gentle slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effects of IWLF on soil erodibility were quantified by multi-indicators. • Different trends were detected in eight erodibility indicators with IWLF. • CSEI increased with IWLF, reflected by variation in elevation. • Soil texture, BD, OM and RD had direct impacts on CSEI. The near soil surface characteristics of plant communities probably change considerably with seasonal water-level fluctuations, thus induced corresponding variations in soil erodibility indicators. This study was conducted to investigate the variations in soil erodibility indicators triggered by varying inundation intensity or temporal water-level fluctuations in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Two non-inundation sites (as the control) and six sites with different water-level fluctuation intensities were selected to measure or calculate eight soil erodibility indicators and then to determine a comprehensive soil erodibility index (CSEI). The erodibility indicators included K factor, slaking rate (SR), mean weighted diameter of aggregates (MWD), mean number of waterdrop impacts (MND), structural stability index (SSI), saturated conductivity (K s), cohesion (Coh), and penetration resistance (PR). The variation in each soil erodibility indicator could be explained by the changes in near soil surface characteristics of plant community. The results indicated that the MWD, MND, SR, Coh , SSI, and K s decreased gradually with the intensity of water level fluctuations (IWLFs), while the reverse was found for PR. K factor firstly increased and then decreased with the IWLFs. The CSEI increased with IWLFs, which was closely related to elevation. Compared with the control, CSEI increased by 123.3%, 132.9%, 93.9%, 84.8%, 48.7%, and 55.2% for water levels of 150, 155, 160, 165, 170 and 175 m, respectively. The changes in near soil surface characteristics of the plant community directly led to differences in soil erodibility indicators. Significant positive correlations were detected between soil erodibility indices, and bulk density and sand content, while significant negative correlations were found between root mass density, silt, clay, and organic matter contents. CSEI increased linearly with inundation time and duration. The results are helpful for understanding the mechanism of seasonal fluctuations in soil erodibility for land frequently inundated by water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among children and adolescents during global COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 to 2020, and the potential modifying effects of age and gender.Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and two Chinese academic databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang) for studies published from December 2019 to September 2020 that reported the prevalence of above mental health problems among children and adolescents. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate the pooled prevalence.Results: Twenty-three studies (21 cross-sectional studies and 2 longitudinal studies) from two countries (i.e., China and Turkey) with 57,927 children and adolescents were identified. Depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were assessed in 12, 13, 2, and 2 studies, respectively. Meta-analysis of results from these studies showed that the pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were 29% (95%CI: 17%, 40%), 26% (95%CI: 16%, 35%), 44% (95%CI: 21%, 68%), and 48% (95%CI: -0.25, 1.21), respectively. The subgroup meta-analysis revealed that adolescents and females exhibited higher prevalence of depression and anxiety compared to children and males, respectively.Limitations: All studies in meta-analysis were from China limited the generalizability of our findings.Conclusions: Early evidence highlights the high prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among female and adolescents. Studies investigating the mental health of children and adolescents from countries other than China are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Soil erosion resistance was significantly affected by straw incorporation. • Land degradation regulated the roles of straw incorporation in mitigating erosion. • Clay and organic matter contents were the key to improve soil erosion resistance. • Straw incorporation was not recommended in strong degraded cropland. Soil erosion resistance (reflected by rill erodibility and critical shear stress) is a useful parameter for evaluating soil erosion subjected to concentrated flow. The changes in soil properties and root trait induced by straw incorporation and land degradation likely affect soil erosion resistance considerably. Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted to quantify the effects of straw incorporation on soil erosion resistance of degraded croplands in the black soil region. In this study, a large hydraulic flume (5.0 m in length and 0.4 m in width) was utilized to quantify the impacts of straw incorporation on soil erosion resistance of four croplands with different degradation degrees (non-degradation, light degradation, moderate degradation and strong degradation) and further to determine the related influencing mechanisms in Northeast China. The results showed that straw incorporation reduced rill erodibility by 44.9%, 41.2%, 27.1% and −11.4% for non-degradation, light degradation, moderate degradation and strong degradation croplands, respectively. Land degradation degree had much stronger influence on soil erosion resistance than that of straw incorporation and regulated the roles of straw incorporation in mitigating erosion. Rill erodibility was significantly and negatively correlated with clay content, organic matter content, aggregate stability, soil cohesion, physical crust thickness and root mass density, whereas positively correlated with silt content. The increase in soil organic matter and clay content was the key to improve soil erosion resistance and prevent land degradation. Straw incorporation was suggested in non-degradation, light degradation and moderate degradation croplands, but vegetation restoration was recommended in strong degraded cropland. The results are helpful to understand the mechanism of straw incorporation to improve soil erosion resistance and make reasonable agricultural management strategies in semi humid region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xiyanping injection (XYP), extraction of Andrographis paniculate (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, chuan xin lian), is a Chinese patent medicine approved to treat bronchitis in China. In 2017, safety incidents associated with treatment of XYP began to emerge throughout China. However, the risk factors of severity of adverse reactions by XYP remain uncertain. To determine risk factors for the severity of XYP-associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We analyzed a total of 26,317 cases of ADRs linked to the use of XYP injection in the China National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Information System from 2004 to 2017. Data were analyzed with respect to age, gender, ethnicity, previous ADRs, family history of ADRs, dosage specification, medication frequency specification, body weight, route of administration, herb-drug interactions (ribavirin, cefatriaxone, penicillin sodium, ambroxol hydrochloride, clindamycin, cefoxitin sodium, azithromycin, ceftazidime, amoxicillin sodium and clavulanate potassium, levofloxacin, cefazolin sodium pentahydrate, acyclovir) by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Propensity score matching was used to compare severity of (general or serious) ADRs. We included 24,911 cases of general ADRs and 1406 cases of serious ADRs. Univariate analysis identified age (p ​< ​0.001), body weight (p ​< ​0.001), route of administration (p ​= ​0.008), co-administration of XYP with ribavirin (p ​= ​0.031) as risk factors of severity of ADRs. Multivariate analysis identified XYP ​+ ​ribavirin combination (p ​= ​0.048) and age (p ​< ​0.001) as the independent risk factors. Upon propensity score matching, the variables were relatively balanced amongst the two groups of patients with general or severe ADRs, and the level of severity in patients who received treatment of XYP ​+ ​ribavirin increased (p ​= ​0.020). Age and co-administration of ribavirin may be potential risk factors for the severity of XYP-associated ADRs. This reminds us to pay more attention to the safety of elderly medication. Minimizing the herb-drug-interaction effects of XYP and ribavirin is a viable treatment target for healthcare professionals in managing serious ADRs amongst patients receiving XYP injection. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Previous studies demonstrated that wedge resection is sufficient for ground glass-dominant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with tumour diameter ≤2 cm, however, the optimal surgical type for ground glass-dominant LUAD with tumour diameter of 2-3 cm remains unclear. The purpose of this trial is to investigate the safety and efficacy of segmentectomy for ground glass-dominant invasive LUAD with tumour size of 2-3 cm., Methods and Analysis: We initiated a phase III trial to investigate whether segmentectomy is suitable for ground glass-dominant invasive LUAD with tumour size of 2-3 cm. This trial plans to enrol 307 patients from multiple institutions including four general hospitals and two specialty cancer hospitals over a period of 5 years. The primary endpoint is 5 year disease-free survival. Secondary endpoints are lung function, 5 year overall survival, the site of tumour recurrence and metastasis, segmentectomy completion rate, radical segmentectomy (R0 resection) completion rate and surgery-related complications., Ethics and Dissemination: This trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre (reference 2212267-18) and by the institutional review boards of each participating centre. Written informed consent is required from all participants. The study results will be published in a peer-reviewed international journal., Trial Registration Number: NCT05717803., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Straw incorporation has been considered as an effective environmental management application to improve soil erosion resistance (SER) and organic carbon sequestration. SER is useful to evaluate soil erosion subjected to concentrated flow. Nevertheless, few studies have been performed to examine how SER varied with the amount of straw incorporation on sloping croplands in high latitude and cool regions. In the current study, the fixed bed scouring tests were conducted in a large hydraulic flume using undisturbed soil samples taken from Hebei small watershed in the black soil region of Northeast China. The response of SER to different straw incorporation amounts (0, 1.125, 2.25, 4.5, 6.75, 9.0 and 13.5 t ha -1 ) was quantified after three months of straw decomposition. The major influencing factors and the corresponding mechanisms were determined. The findings demonstrated that rill erodibility firstly decreased exponentially with straw incorporation amount (R 2  = 0.93), while it slightly increased when straw incorporation amount was more than 9.0 t ha -1 . Critical shear stress firstly increased logarithmically (R 2  = 0.90) and then slightly decreased when the amount exceeded 9.0 t ha -1 . Compared to the treatment of 0 t ha -1 , rill erodibility reduced by 17.0%-92.8% and critical shear stress increased by 59.6%-127.2% across different treatments of straw incorporation. Rill erodibility had significant and negative correlations with soil organic matter content, aggregate stability, cohesion, root mass density, straw mass density and straw decomposition amount. The key mechanisms for promoting SER were derived by the direct and indirect effects of straw incorporation and its decomposition on soil physicochemical properties and crop roots. The amount of 9.0 t ha -1 was recommended as the optimum amount of straw incorporation in croplands in Northeast China. These findings are useful to understand how soil erosion resistance responds to the amount of straw incorporation and make rational environmental management policy for semi-humid and cool regions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work. There is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled “Response of soil erosion resistance to straw incorporation amount in the black soil region of Northeast China”., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Comprehensive analysis of spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils of China, and associated driving mechanism and health risks is crucial for soil pollution prevention and risk control. In this study, a total of 8 PTEs in agricultural soils of 236 city case data from 31 provinces of China were collected from literatures published between 2000 and 2022. The pollution level, dominant drivers and probabilistic health risks of PTEs were analyzed using geo-accumulation index (I geo ), geo-detector model, and Monte Carlo simulation, respectively. The results indicated a notably accumulation of Cd and Hg, with I geo of 1.13 and 0.63, respectively. Cd, Hg and Pb showed strong spatial heterogeneity, whereas As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn has no significant differentiation. PM 10 was the dominant driver for accumulation of Cd (0.248), Cu (0.141), Pb (0.108), and Zn (0.232), and PM 2.5 has a significant effect on accumulation of Hg (0.245); however, soil parent material was primary driver for accumulation of As (0.066), Cr (0.113), and Ni (0.149). PM 10 ∩ wind speed accounted for 72.6 % of Cd accumulation, and mining industry ∩ soil parent materials for 54.7 % of As accumulation. Approximately 38.53 %, 23.90 %, and 12.08 % of the hazard index values exceeded 1 for the minors aged 3- < 6, 6- < 12, and 12- < 18 years, respectively; whereas approximately 0.22 %, 0.21 %, 0.20 %, 0.54 % and 0.42 % of the carcinogenic risk values were greater than 1E-04 for individuals aged 3- < 6, 6- < 12, 12- < 18, 18- < 44, and 44- < 70 years, respectively. As and Cd were considered as priority elements for soil pollution prevention and risk control in China. Moreover, the hotspots of PTE pollution and associated health risks were mainly observed in southern, southwestern and central China. The results of this study provided a scientific basis for developing strategies for pollution prevention and risk control of soil PTEs in China., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

During March 2022 to January 2023, two Omicron waves hit Shanghai and caused a massive number of reinfections. To better understand the incidence and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Shanghai, China, we conducted a multicenter cohort study. COVID-19 patients first infected with BA.2 (March 1, 2022-May 23, 2022) who were quarantined in Huashan Hospital, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jing'an Central Hospital were followed up for reinfection from June 1, 2022 to January 31, 2023. Of 897 primary infections, 148 (16.5%) experienced reinfection. Incidence rate of reinfection was 0.66 cases per 1000 person-days. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]= 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-3.83) was a risk factor for reinfection. The four most common symptoms of reinfections during the circulation of BA.5 sublineages were cough (62.59%), sore throat (54.42%), fatigue (48.98%), and fever (42.57%). Having received a booster vaccination was not associated with reduced severity of reinfection in comparison with not having received booster vaccination. After matched 1:1 by age and sex, we found that reinfections with BA.5 sublineages had significantly lower occurrence and severity of fever, fatigue, sore throat, and cough, as compared to primary infections with BA.5 sublineages. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron reinfections were less severe than Omicron primary infections during the circulation of the same subvariant. Protection offered by both vaccination and previous infection was poor against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Clinical named entity recognition is the basic task of mining electronic medical records text, which are with some challenges containing the language features of Chinese electronic medical records text with many compound entities, serious missing sentence components, and unclear entity boundary. Moreover, the corpus of Chinese electronic medical records is difficult to obtain., Methods: Aiming at these characteristics of Chinese electronic medical records, this study proposed a Chinese clinical entity recognition model based on deep learning pretraining. The model used word embedding from domain corpus and fine-tuning of entity recognition model pretrained by relevant corpus. Then BiLSTM and Transformer are, respectively, used as feature extractors to identify four types of clinical entities including diseases, symptoms, drugs, and operations from the text of Chinese electronic medical records., Results: 75.06% Macro- P , 76.40% Macro- R, and 75.72% Macro- F 1 aiming at test dataset could be achieved. These experiments show that the Chinese clinical entity recognition model based on deep learning pretraining can effectively improve the recognition effect., Conclusions: These experiments show that the proposed Chinese clinical entity recognition model based on deep learning pretraining can effectively improve the recognition performance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Lejun Gong et al.)

Existing studies have typically investigated only the association between single pollutants and health outcomes. However, in the real world, people are exposed to multiple air pollutants simultaneously. The effect of air pollutants on emergency department (ED) visits has not been previously studied in the Sichuan Basin, which is one of the most polluted areas. We collected nonaccidental, respiratory and cardiovascular daily ED visits and daily concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM c , CO, SO 2 , NO 2 and O 3 in Chengdu, China, from 2014 to 2016. A weighted variable for the combination of multiple air pollutants was constructed to assess the joint adverse health effects. Each air pollutant was assigned a health-related weight, which indicated the pollutant's relative contribution to the joint effect. The effects on specific subpopulations (males and females; 15-65 years old and >65 years old) were also examined. With an increase of 10 μg/m 3 of the combined multiple air pollutants, the daily ED visits for nonaccidental, respiratory and cardiovascular causes increased by 0.96% (95% CI: 0.51%-1.39%), 1.19% (95% CI: 0.53%, 1.85%) and 4.36% (95% CI: 1.06%, 7.76%) at lag 1, respectively. Males presented more pronounced effects, except for cardiovascular disease, than females. Elderly individuals were found to be more sensitive than young individuals. For nonaccidental and respiratory diseases, the contributions of particulate matter (PM) were dominant among the air pollutants, whereas cardiovascular disease was mainly affected by gaseous air pollutants. The combination of multiple air pollutants was significantly associated with ED visits in the Sichuan Basin, China. The joint effect of the combination of multiple air pollutants was highest for cardiovascular disease at lag 1. The relative contributions of individual pollutants varied by disease and subpopulation. These findings suggest that under different pollution scenarios, preventive strategies should target those with different diseases and different subpopulations., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Pharmacists' role may be ideal for improving rationality of drug prescribing practice. We aimed to study the impact of multifaceted pharmacist interventions on antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing clean or clean-contaminated operations in cardiothoracic department. A pre-test-post-test quasiexperimental study was conducted in a cardiothoracic ward at a tertiary teaching hospital in Suzhou, China. Patients admitted to the ward were collected as baseline group (2011.7-2012.12) and intervention group (2013.7-2014.12), respectively. The criteria of prophylaxis antibiotic utilization were established on the basis of the published guidelines and official documents. During the intervention phase, a dedicated pharmacist was assigned and multifaceted interventions were implemented in the ward. Then we compared the differences in antibiotic utilization, bacterial resistance, clinical and economic outcomes between the 2 groups. Furthermore, patients were collected after the intervention (2015.1-2015.6) to evaluate the sustained effects of pharmacist interventions. 412 and 551 patients were included in the baseline and intervention groups, while 156 patients in postintervention group, respectively. Compared with baseline group, a significant increase was found in the proportion of antibiotic prophylaxis, the proportion of rational antibiotic selection, the proportion of suitable prophylactic antibiotic duration, and the proportion of suitable timing of administration of the first preoperative dose (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, a significant reduction was seen in the rate of unnecessary replacement of antibiotics and the rate of unnecessary combinations (P < 0.001). Besides, pharmacist intervention resulted in favorable outcomes with significantly decreased rates of surgical site infections, prophylactic antibiotic cost, and significantly shortened length of stay (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there were also significant decreases of the rates of antibiotic resistant enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumonia, and staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.05). Moreover, the effects were sustained after discontinuation of the active interventions, as shown in prophylactic antibiotic utilization data. Pharmacist interventions in cardiothoracic surgery result in a high adherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines and a profound culture change in drug prescribing with favorable outcomes. The effects of pharmacist intervention are sustained and the role of pharmacists is emphasized for rational medication and optimal outcomes in clinical treatment.

A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 14 fat-soluble dyes in chilli products. The samples were extracted with hexane/acetone. The cleanup was performed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) cleanup system. A HPLC separation was performed using variable wavelength detector and a gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid and methanol-acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) as the mobile phases. Good linearity (R² ≥ 0.995) was observed between 0.1 and 5.0 μg/mL. Detection limits of the investigated dyes, which were evaluated at signal to noise ratio of 3, were in the ranges of 11-71 μg/kg. The recoveries of the 14 synthetic colourants in three matrices ranged from 73.4% to 103.5%. Relative standard deviations ranged from 3.7% to 12.3%. The method has been successfully used for the determination of banned dyes in real samples., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the detection rate and correlates of behavioral problems among eco-migrant children in Hui and Han ethnicities., Methods: Using multistage randomized sampling method, 2 653 eco-migrant teenagers, 3 174 indigenous and 2 334 homeland peers were selected. Their parents were asked to finish the Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a self-developed correlates questionnaire., Results: 765 eco-migrant children with behavioral problems were detected, with detection rate as 28.8%, higher than that of homeland group (24.2%) and native group (19.3%) (χ(2) = 73.547, P < 0.012 5). Ecological migration mainly influenced factors as bad contacts, depression, obsessive-compulsive, discipline, attack for boys aged 6-11, bad contacts for boys aged 12-16 and extraversion behavioral problems for girls aged 12-16, in Hui. These factors both associated to eco-migrant children's behavioral problems in Hui and Han:cesarean section (OR = 1.863, 95% CI:1.144-3.035, for Han) and (OR = 2.979, 95% CI:2.067-4.293, for Hui), physical defects (OR = 1.730, 95%CI:1.087-2.751, for Han) and (OR = 2.552, 95%CI:1.649-3.950, for Hui), arable as a main income way(OR = 1.272, 95%CI:1.066-1.518, for Han) and (OR = 1.212, 95%CI: 1.033-1.422, for Hui), parents' education level above middle school (OR = 0.709, 95% CI: 0.539-0.932, for Han) and (OR = 0.698, 95%CI: 0.542-0.898, for Hui), parents' frequently in good mood (OR = 0.710, 95%CI:0.613-0.821, for Han) and (OR = 0.826, 95%CI:0.718-0.949, for Hui). However, major diseases in the process of growth (OR = 1.794, 95% CI:1.163-2.767), and parents with chronic illness or disability (OR = 1.463, 95% CI:1.061-2.016) only associated with that in Han;single-parent or remarried families(OR = 1.583, 95% CI:1.078-2.325), parents often drinking (OR = 1.557, 95%CI:1.019- 2.379), the time of parents' work longer than half a year (OR = 1.494, 95% CI:1.197-1.864), parents' more content to life now(OR = 0.813, 95% CI:0.700-0.945), and children in older age (OR = 0.939, 95%CI:0.889-0.991) only related to that in Hui., Conclusion: The eco-migrant children showed a low state in mental health, especially among Hui peers, and the correlated factors were different in Han and Hui, which was supposed to get great importance when taking effective intervention.