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Given the complex characteristics of city structure, the analysis of tourists' activities in urban space is challenging. Previous studies on urban tourists' activities were mostly limited to official administrative units, such as attractions, blocks, and administrative districts, and rarely considered the multi-scale characteristics of urban tourism space. This study offered insights into urban tourism by depicting multi-scale tourism spaces from the perspective of tourists' activities. Based on a spatial conceptual model, the urban destination was divided into multi-scale spaces, including tourist areas of interest (areas of intensive tourist activity), attraction-community complexes (comprising tourist attractions and supporting service facilities), and tourism districts (subregions with different tourism types). The Geographic Information System field and spatial interaction models were combined to identify multi-scale tourist activity spaces using digital footprints from geolocated social media data. The proposed framework was verified in Suzhou, a typical urban destination in China, which confirmed that the systematic and comprehensive methodology could be used as a tool for smart urban destination management and planning based on tourists' demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilderness is of great value and conservation significance. An in-depth understanding of the evolution of the spatial distribution of wilderness conditions in China and the factors influencing them is crucial for biodiversity conservation and restoration. However, the evolution of its spatial and temporal patterns and the factors influencing them have been little explored in studies of wilderness. In this study, the Weighted Linear Combination model was utilized to assess the quality of wilderness in China over the past 20 years, and the geographic detector model assessed the key factors that have influenced wilderness. The study results indicate that (1) Over the past 20 years, the western wilderness has worsened, while the eastern and central regions have seen some improvement. (2) Changes in wilderness quality are mainly influenced by the temperature and the distribution of nature reserves. (3) High wilderness quality areas are mainly influenced by actual evapotranspiration and temperature, while population density and GDP play a dominant role in most medium and low wilderness quality areas. (4) Interacting factors are greater than any single factor affecting wilderness. The results of the study can provide a reference for the conservation and management of wilderness resources and biodiversity in China. [Display omitted] • Wilderness quality improved in >60% of Chinese provinces, but declined in Xizang (45.3%) and Xinjiang (50.8%). • Changes in wilderness quality are mainly influenced by the temperature and nature reserves distribution. • The dominant factors affecting wilderness quality differ depending on the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A nationwide ban on family/replacement donation (FRD) went into effect on April 1, 2018 in China. To date, no reports relevant to the trend of plateletpheresis donations before and after a nationwide ban on FRD were found.Methods: We used two independent full samples, consisting of 135,851 and 82,129 plateletpheresis donors from Guangzhou and Chengdu between October 2012 and September 2019, respectively. A pseudo-panel data approach was applied by grouping three time-invariant covariates - gender, blood donation history, and birth year across 14 cross-sections (a 6-month interval each) to form a total of 24 cohort groups (14 × 24 = 336 cohorts, i.e., cells) with each having common covariates. The outcome was average apheresis platelet units per donor in each cell. We performed a two-piecewise linear mixed model with the cross-section (i.e., time) just right before the ban as a time breakpoint (i.e., 11th cross-section) to examine the trend of outcome with the adjustment of three time-invariant covariates. We removed the FRDs in each of the first 11 cross-sections to detect its possible influence on the trend.Results: The final model for the samples from Guangzhou presented a two-piecewise linear trend of the outcome over time with a horizontal line to the left of the breakpoint (βtimeBefore11 = 0.0111, p = 0.0976) and a significantly positive linear trend to the right (βtimeAfter11 = 0.0404, p < 0.0001). The male donors and the donors with plateletpheresis donation history had an increased baseline outcome and a significant outcome change over time after the ban. Such a two-piecewise linear trend pattern can be replicated using the samples from Chengdu with some minor variations. Removing the FRD before the ban can change the pattern.Conclusion: The significant increase of the average apheresis platelet units per donor over time after the FRD ban may be related to the implement of the FRD ban and the improved donation behavior of male donors and/or donors with platelet donation history after the ban. Our findings may potentially motivate the policymakers in other countries where the FRD for plateletpheresis donation is still legitimate to phase out their FRD strategy and ultimately achieve 100% voluntary plateletpheresis donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the development of the online pharmacies in China and analyzes the marketing mix strategies of product, price, place and promotion, which are widely implemented by online pharmacies (n = 44) in China. The perception and acceptance of consumers toward marketing mix of online pharmacies in China by software SPSS 13.0 is also surveyed in this study. Lastly this article builds a marketing mix model of online pharmacies and derives seven common factors from the 37 marketing mix factors, namely, personal sales and service, payment method channel, price, sales promotion, OTC drugs and health foods, non-drugs and advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Highly active hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to investigate the relationship between HBV status and HCC recurrence after liver transplantation., Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed HCC patients undergoing liver transplantation in two centres between January 2015 and December 2020. The authors reviewed post-transplant HBV status and its association with outcomes., Results: The prognosis of recipients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reappearance ( n =58) was poorer than those with HBsAg persistent negative ( n =351) and positive ( n =53). In HBsAg persistent positive group, recipients with HBV DNA reappearance or greater than 10-fold increase above baseline had worse outcomes than those without ( P <0.01). HBV reactivation was defined as (a) HBsAg reappearance or (b) HBV DNA reappearance or greater than 10-fold increase above baseline. After propensity score matching, the 5-year overall survival rate and recurrence-free survival rate after liver transplantation in recipients with HBV reactivation were significantly lower than those without (32.0% vs. 62.3%; P <0.01, and 16.4% vs. 63.1%; P <0.01, respectively). Moreover, HBV reactivation was significantly related to post-transplant HCC recurrence, especially lung metastasis. Cox regression analysis revealed that beyond Milan criteria, microvascular invasion and HBsAg-positive graft were independent risk factors for post-transplant HBV reactivation, and a novel nomogram was established accordingly with a good predictive efficacy (area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve=0.78, C-index =0.73)., Conclusions: Recipients with HBV reactivation had worse outcomes and higher tumour recurrence rates than those without. The nomogram could be used to evaluate the risk of post-transplant HBV reactivation effectively., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Pangolins (scaly anteaters, Pholidota) are among those mammals that are most affected by the international, illegal wildlife trade. Recently, wildlife rescue centers in China became dedicated to rehabilitate confiscated pangolins and prepare them for reintroduction to the wild. Chronic stress is thought to be the main reason for a disturbed microbiota community and a higher mortality rate of pangolin in captivity. In this study, we compared the cortisol levels and the fecal microbiome of Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) born and reared in captivity (PCB; n = 7) with those rescued from the wildlife trade (PCT; n = 16). Results show that the level of cortisol in PCT was significantly lower than that observed in PCB. There were also significant differences in the composition of the fecal microflora between the two groups, and the diversity of intestinal microbiota was higher in PCB than in PCT. At the phylum level, the bacteria with significant difference between the two groups included Firmicutes and Bacteroides. At the genus level, bacteria such as Bacteroides, Parabacterides, and Clostridium showed significant differences between the two groups. This study proves that chronic stress has a considerable effect on the diversity and composition of fecal microbiota in Malayan pangolin.