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Background: Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is essential for the post-marketing safety evaluation of drugs. Therefore, good monitoring of ADRs is vital for strengthening drug supervision, management, and guiding rational drug use. Chinese medical institutions are the primary source of ADR case reports, but the proportion of the reports in grade IIIA hospitals is still low due to serious under-reporting. The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Pidu District People's Hospital, also has such a problem. Objective: To improve the quantity and quality of ADR reports and enhance the level of pharmacovigilance in hospitals, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, People's Hospital of Chengdu Pidu District experienced 10 years to gradually establish a management model to improve the medical staff's reporting rate of spontaneous reporting of ADRs. The management model is led by clinical pharmacists and combines the PDCA with Teach-back methods. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the management model and discuss its advantages and shortcomings of this model. Methods: This study was conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College—Chengdu Pidu District People's Hospital. From 2016, the daily management of reporting, auditing, and data improvement of adverse drug reactions in the hospital was carried out by clinical pharmacists, who used the PDCA method combined with the Teach-back method to continuously improve the reporting program of ADRs in the hospital during 2016–2021. Then, the proportion of spontaneous reports of total, new, and serious ADRs was compared before and after the intervention. Also, we performed a time series analysis using an autoregressive moving average model to assess changes in the total number of spontaneous ADR reports before the intervention (2013–2015), the first intervention (2016–2018), and the second intervention (2019–2021). Results: After the combined PDCA and Teach-back method intervention, the median number of reported ADRs per year increased from 50 (range 37–55) in the pre-intervention period to 88 (range 83–162) in the first intervention period and to 374 in the second (range 312–566). Breakpoint regression analysis of the spontaneous reporting rate of ADRs showed that the instantaneous increase after the first intervention was not statistically significant (P = 0.526). However, the reporting rate of ADRs increased at a month-by-month growth rate during the second intervention compared to the first intervention. Its spontaneous reporting rate improved 1.034 times (P = 0.002). After the second intervention, the spontaneous reporting rate of ADRs transiently increased 6.111-fold (P < 0.001), and the month-to-month growth rate increased 1.024-fold (P < 0.001) again. Conclusion: The management model that combines the PDCA and the Teach-back method significantly improves the reporting rate of adverse drug reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patterns of microbial distribution represent the integrated effects of historical and biological processes and are thus a central issue in ecology. However, there is still active debate on whether dispersal limitation contributes to microbial diversification in strongly connected systems. In this study, sediment samples were collected along a transect representing a variety of seawater pollution levels in the East China Sea. We investigated whether changes in sediment bacterial community structures would indicate the effects of the pollution gradient and of dispersal limitation. Our results showed consistent shifts in bacterial communities in response to pollution. More geographically distant sites had more dissimilar communities (r = -0.886, P < 0.001) in this strongly connected sediment ecosystem. A variance analysis based on partitioning by principal coordinates of neighbor matrices (PCNM) showed that spatial distance (dispersal limitation) contributed more to bacterial community variation (8.2%) than any other factor, although the environmental factors explained more variance when combined (11.2%). In addition, potential indicator taxa (primarily affiliated with Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria) were identified; these taxa characterized the pollution gradient. This study provides direct evidence that dispersal limitation exists in a strongly connected marine sediment ecosystem and that candidate indicator taxa can be applied to evaluate coastal pollution levels.

In screening 87665 unrelated healthy blood donors in China, serology studies resulted in the detection of two K(0) probands, both female. To explore the molecular basis of the K(null) phenotype in the Chinese population, genomic DNA, total RNA, and reticulocyte RNA were subsequently prepared from the two probands, five family members of proband 1, four unrelated normal controls, and one unrelated KEL1 control. Nucleic acids were analyzed for the KEL gene by DNA and RNA sequencing, while antigens were analyzed by flow cytometry with BRIC18, BRIC68, anti-k, and anti-Kp(b). Two novel K(null) alleles were identified in both probands: in exon 3, 185insT (Ser62Phe and a premature stop codon in exon 4, GenBank accession number, EF208900), and in exon 7, 715G>T (Glu239Stop, GenBank accession number EF208901). Alternative splicing patterns were observed in RNA obtained from whole blood versus from a reticulocyte fraction. Our study identified these two novel K(null) alleles resulting in the K(null) phenotype, the frequency of the K(null) phenotype amongst Chinese mainlanders is only 0.00228%.