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Reports on the International Conference on Marine Disaster: Forecast and Reduction held at Beijing, China in November 1999. Number of participants; Focus of the conference; Sponsors; Comments from participants.

Reports on the Sixth International Congress on the History of Oceanography held in Qingdao, China. Number of attendants; Impact of language barrier; Comments from representatives.

In the northern North China Craton (NCC), abundant non-layered ultramafic complexes and associated low-grade Fe–Ti oxide ores (over 1000 million tons) were uncovered. However, their petrogenesis and metallogeny have remained unclear. The Habaqin complex is one of the larger intrusions of the region and hosts the largest low-grade magnetite occurrence. Here we present petrography, zircon U–Pb geochronology, mineral and whole-rock major and trace element compositions, and whole-rock Sr–Nd and zircon Lu–Hf isotopes of the complex to constrain its genesis. The complex includes early pyroxenite (∼75% clinopyroxene, ∼15% amphibole, ∼10% magnetite) and late hornblendite (∼80% amphibole, 15–20% magnetite, 0–5% apatite). Zircon grains from the hornblendite yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 395 ± 2 Ma. The increasing whole-rock FeO tot and TiO 2 contents from pyroxenite (FeO tot = 18.9 wt%, TiO 2 = 1.31 wt%) to hornblendite (FeO tot = 19.1–30.4 wt%, TiO 2 = 2.63–3.12 wt%) correlate with higher modal proportions of amphibole and magnetite. The pyroxenite and hornblendite display similar arc-like trace element characteristics of enrichment in LILEs and LREEs, and depletion in HFSEs. The complex formed by fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, and apatite from a hydrous parent magma. Early removal of clinopyroxene caused H 2 O enrichment in evolved residual magmas and crystallization of magnetite and amphibole, forming low-grade mineralization with Ti-V-poor magnetite in hornblendite. The complex displays high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.706413–0.707341, negative ε Nd (t) values of −16.0 to −14.2 and negative ε Hf (t) value of −30.6 to −12.0, suggesting a parent magma derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle, with possible existence of amphibole-bearing pyroxenite veins within the source. During the Early Devonian, the retreat of the subducted Paleo-Asian oceanic slab as well as arc-continental collision along the northern NCC induced partial melting of the veins and eventually formation of the complex. • The Habaqin hornblendite was emplaced at 395 ± 2 Ma. • The Fe–Ti oxide mineralization formed by fractional crystallization of arc basalts. • Co-crystallization of magnetite and amphibole produced low-grade and Ti-V-poor magnetite mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver flukes (Fasciola spp.) and rumen flukes (Paramphistomum spp.) are significant parasites in livestock worldwide, and Fasciola spp. are considered an important zoonotic parasite. To our knowledge, there are no reports on fluke species identification and epidemiological prevalence in yak and Tibetan sheep around Qinghai Lake, China. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the major fluke species and determine the prevalence of fluke infections among yak and Tibetan sheep in this area. A total of 307 fecal samples were collected and fluke eggs identified using morphology and molecular methods. Our study is the first to display that the predominant fluke species were F. hepatica and P. leydeni in yak and Tibetan sheep around Qinghai Lake. The overall prevalence of fluke infections in yak and Tibetan sheep was 57.7% (177/307). Specifically, the prevalences of F. hepatica and P. leydeni were 15.0% (46/307) and 31.6% (97/307), respectively, and the co-infection of both species was 11.1% (34/307). No significant difference existed in the prevalence of overall fluke infection between yak and Tibetan sheep (p < 0.05). However, F. hepatica prevalence was significantly different in yak and Tibetan sheep (p < 0.05) but not P. leydeni. The findings of this study provide useful information about the current status of natural fluke invasion in yak and Tibetan sheep around Qinghai Lake, which could be important for monitoring and controlling these parasites in the region., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Stable isotopes in natural water bodies serve as hydrologic tracers, with a history of extensive application in karst groundwater research. The present paper is a systematic review of previous research results, with the objective of sorting out and summarizing the stable isotopic characteristics of karst groundwater in southwest China, which is the most typical karst region worldwide. Comprehensive analysis reveals that the deuterium and oxygen isotope values of most karst groundwater are characterized temporally as 'enriched in the rainy season and depleted in the dry season', which is the opposite of the pattern of precipitation. While the spatial distribution feature is basically consistent with the spatial variation pattern of precipitation, which is characterized as 'depleted from the coast to the interior'. Additionally, the main applications of stable isotopes to karst groundwater are discussed, including karst groundwater recharge source and recharge elevation identification, research on karst groundwater in the hydrological cycle, the hydrological process of karst groundwater, and karst groundwater contamination tracking. Finally, we looked forward to future research on karst groundwater based on deuterium and oxygen isotopes. It is our hope that this review may provide insight into the study of karst groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy poverty, especially in rural areas, has become a central focus of scholarly and policy discussions. However, there is a significant gap in understanding the impact of religious beliefs on this phenomenon. This paper aims to fill this gap by utilizing household survey data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) spanning three waves (2012, 2014, and 2016) to examine the causal link between religious beliefs and energy poverty, covering clean energy accessibility and affordability among rural residents. Our analysis unveils a substantial positive influence of religious beliefs on the likelihood of experiencing energy poverty, especially concerning accessibility and affordability. This effect is notably pronounced among males, ethnic minorities, and low-income groups. Low income and education are recognized as pivotal mediating factors through which religious beliefs contribute to energy poverty. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for formulating strategies to mitigate energy poverty in rural China, with a particular emphasis on the role of religious beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zanhuang Complex is situated on the eastern margin of the Trans-North China Orogen, with the Huangcha Pluton being a constituent of this complex. To ascertain the nature of the approximately 2.5-billion-year-old Huangcha Pluton, crucial evidence for understanding its extensional setting was sought through petrogenesis and dating investigations. LA-ICP-MS dating of zircon from the granite yielded an age of (2488 ± 6) Ma. Primarily composed of porphyritic monzonite with sporadic melanocratic enclaves, the Pluton's phenocrysts are predominantly feldspar with minor quartz. The granite exhibits high SiO2 content (72.64%–74.16%) and alkali levels, with Na2O + K2O ranging from 7.59% to 9.07%, classifying it as a shoshonitic series with a slightly peraluminous feature. Enrichment in large-ion lithophile (LIL) elements (Rb, Th, and U) and depletion in Sr, V, Cr, Co, and Ni were observed, with high Rb/Sr and Ga/Al ratios ranging from 0.73 to 2.72 and 2.75 × 10−4 to 3.11 × 10−4, respectively. The rock exhibits high εNd(t) values, ranging from −0.06 to 0.88, with TDM2 ages falling between 2.79 and 2.87 billion years. Zircon grains display 176Hf/177Hf ratios ranging from 0.281266 to 0.281412 and εHf(t) values spanning from 0.96 to 6.18, calculated using the 207Pb/206Pb age. It is suggested that the Huangcha Pluton represents A-type granite formed via anatexis of the Neoarchean TTG in an extensional setting following orogenic processes. The formation of the Huangcha Pluton further corroborates the stabilization of the North China Craton towards the end of the Neoarchean. This finding supports the hypothesis that the North China Craton may belong to the Rae-family cratons, sharing similar magmatic and tectono-metamorphic records around ~2.5 billion years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulva prolifera (U. prolifera) green tide outbreaks have occurred in the Yellow Sea of China for many years, causing serious losses to marine ecology and the marine economy. The monitoring and tracking of U. prolifera green tide is a crucial aspect of marine ecological disaster prevention and control management. This paper aims to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution changes in U. prolifera green tide in the Yellow Sea throughout its life cycle. A survey of the Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2023 was conducted using multi-source remote sensing images. Long-term monitoring and analysis of U. prolifera revealed the evolution process of the green tide, including the early development, outbreak, decline, and extinction stages, considering time, space, and frequency of occurrence. Additionally, this study examined peak coverage change patterns over the past 16 years and analyzed the influence of environmental factors such as sea surface temperature and sea surface wind field on the development of U. prolifera. The research results serve as a valuable reference for the monitoring, early warning, and scientific prevention and control of U. prolifera green tide in the Yellow Sea, as well as other similar marine disaster areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fluxes of metal cations and isotopes released by weathering of silicate rocks are crucial and a prerequisite for constraining geochemical fluxes to rivers and oceans. This study presents mineral and elemental compositions along with 87Sr/86Sr and δ88Sr data from a basaltic weathering regolith on Hainan Island, South China to elucidate Sr isotope fractionation and weathering fluxes. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios vary from 0.703936 to 0.706338 as a result of differential weathering of the minerals. δ88Sr values in the weathering regolith range from −0.29 to 0.37‰, with the majority of the weathering regolith having lower δ88Sr values than the parent rock. Sr is leached into the soil solution during plagioclase decomposition, while 86Sr is preferentially adsorbed on the surface of secondary minerals. As weathering progresses, smectite decomposes and kaolinite desorbs under weakly acidic conditions, releasing the previously adsorbed 86Sr into the soil solution. The differential weathering of kaolinite and smectite controls the δ88Sr values of the weathering regolith, with pH being an important determinant of isotope fractionation. Furthermore, Sr elemental fluxes (SrFlux) and Sr isotopic fluxes (δ88SrFlux) of this weathering regolith were calculated using a mass balance model, yielding mean values of 0.20 (mg cm−3 Myr−1) and 0.052 (‰ (mg cm−3 Myr−1)), respectively. The δ88SrFlux exhibits a nonlinear positive correlation with the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), indicating that enhanced weathering leads to significant stable Sr isotope fractionation at CIA values below 95%. Our research promotes the understanding of Sr recycling and the fractionation behavior of stable Sr isotopes during consecutive weathering. Plain Language Summary: The stable Sr isotopic composition is sensitive to continental weathering processes and offers insights into weathering mechanisms. However, the fractionation mechanism of stable Sr isotopes remains elusive. Significant stable Sr isotope fractionation was observed in a basaltic weathering regolith on Hainan Island, South China. Plagioclase decomposition releases Sr, with isotopically light Sr adsorbed onto the surfaces of secondary minerals during incipient weathering. Smectite decomposition and kaolinite desorption control the stable Sr isotopic composition of the weathering regolith during advanced weathering. The variable pH of the regolith is an important external control factor. We focus on modeling Sr isotopic fluxes and Sr elemental fluxes from weathering regolith. Our results show that within a certain range, an increase in weathering intensity leads to a nonlinear increase in weathering fluxes. The δ88Sr values of the loss component are consistent with those in silicate–dominated river catchments, suggesting that metal cations from the weathering of silicate rocks have a significant influence on the hydrochemical and isotopic composition of river waters in these catchments. Stable Sr isotope fractionation thus provides quantitative constraints on continental weathering fluxes. Key Points: Significant fractionation of stable Sr isotopes occurs with increasing weathering intensity at CIA values of less than 95%Secondary clay minerals control the variation in δ88Sr values in the weathering regolith, with 86Sr being preferentially adsorbed by kaoliniteThe model has been developed to simulate both Sr isotopic fluxes and Sr elemental fluxes from the weathering regolith [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fasciolosis is a disease caused by the genus Fasciola which attacks wild animals, livestock and humans. Molecular characterization of Fasciola sp. important for identifying the species Fasciola sp. The aim of this research was to analyze the characteristics of the worm Fasciola sp. molecularly on samples of cattle slaughtered at the Kediri City Slaughterhouse Regional Technical Implementation Unit. This research was carried out from January to February 2023. The samples were adult worms Fasciola sp. taken from one beef cattle and one dairy cattle. The PCR used is conventional PCR with primers from mitochondrial DNA genes. PCR products are passed to the sequencing stage. The PCR test results read on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the PCR product had high specificity, namely forming a single band at position 752 bp showed positive for F. gigantica. the results of the phylogenetic tree of Fasciola sp. with data in GenBank showing Fasciola sp. beef and dairy cattle isolates in Kediri City are closely related to Fasciola sp. dairy cattle isolate from China with Accession Number KF543343.1 and Fasciola sp. long-haired cattle (yak) isolate from China Accession Number MH621335.1. The existence of international livestock trade can result in the introduction of various diseases, one of which is Fasciolosis. Livestock import-export activities from China allow the introduction of Fasciola sp. to Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequent surface water–groundwater interactions and prevalent anthropogenic inputs make karst water systems vulnerable to human disturbance. As a typical karst region in North China, the Jinan Spring Catchment has become increasingly threatened due to rapid population growth and urban expansion. In this study, the local river–spring interaction and its interference with the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater are evaluated based on water stable isotopes and hydrochemistry. Twenty-two karst groundwater, eleven Quaternary pore water, sixteen spring water, and thirty-two surface water samples were collected during low- and high-flow conditions over the course of a year. The isotopic signatures of four different water types display significant differences, reflecting the recharge–discharge relationship of the karst water system. Mountainous springs feature lighter isotopes, whereas urban springs have significantly heavier isotopes. The result of end-member mixing analysis shows that the surface–groundwater interaction varies spatially and temporally within the spring catchment. Urban springs receive considerable replenishment from the surface water, especially after rainy episodes (up to 50%), while mountainous springs show little hydraulic dependence on surface water leakage (4~6%). Local mineral dissolution (including calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and halite), CO2 dissolution/exsolution, and cation exchange are the main hydrogeochemical processes constraining water chemistry in the spring catchment. The deterioration of water quality can be attributed to anthropogenic influences involving the discharge of domestic effluents, agricultural activities, and irrigation return flow. The findings of this work can improve our understanding of the complex karst water system and serve as a reference for sustainable groundwater management in other karst areas of northern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population aging is discreetly reshaping the dynamics of social demand and labor supply, introducing potential turbulence to global carbon emissions. Understanding the impact of aging on carbon emissions is imperative for steering the next phase of sustainable development. This study, focusing on China, the world's largest carbon emitter, delved into the intricacies of how population aging influences carbon emissions using a dynamic panel threshold model and a mediated effects model. Geographic heterogeneity within China was also considered. On the one hand, this study incorporated three consumer-side intermediation mechanisms: energy consumption, residential consumption and medical consumption. It was found that the positive driving effect of consumption-side variables on carbon emissions was characterized by an inverted "U"-shaped change in China's highly aging regions, while an asymptotic upward trend of 7.65% was observed in regions with moderate and low aging. On the other hand, this study scrutinized three supply-side mediating mechanisms: industrial structure, R&D innovation and labor supply. The mechanism of supply-side variables on carbon emissions exhibited a shift from robustly positive driving to more nuanced weak positive driving or even negative inhibiting in highly aging regions, while inhibiting effects dominated in regions with moderate and low aging. This study offers a dual perspective encompassing both the production and consumption sides, which lays a foundation for exploring the internal mechanism of aging on carbon emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen with worldwide prevalence. Understanding the variability in the potential pathogenicity among strains of different subtypes is crucial for risk assessment. In this study, the growth, survival, and virulence characteristics of 16 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from imported meat in China (2018–2020) were investigated. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and lag phase (λ) were evaluated using the time-to-detection (TTD) method and the Baranyi model at different temperatures (25, 30, and 37 °C). Survival characteristics were determined by D-values and population reduction after exposure to heat (60, 62.5, and 65 °C) and acid (HCl, pH = 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5). The potential virulence was evaluated via adhesion and invasion to Caco-2 cells, motility, and lethality to Galleria mellonella. The potential pathogenicity was compared among strains of different lineages and subtypes. The results indicate that the lineage I strains exhibited a higher growth rate than the lineage II strains at three growth temperatures, particularly serotype 4b within lineage I. At all temperatures tested, serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b consistently demonstrated higher heat resistance than the other subtypes. No significant differences in the log reduction were observed between the lineage I and lineage II strains at pH 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5. However, the serotype 1/2c strains exhibited significantly low acid resistance at pH 2.5. In terms of virulence, the lineage I strains outperformed the lineage II strains. The invasion rate to Caco-2 cells and lethality to G. mellonella exhibited by the serotype 4b strains were higher than those observed in the other serotypes. This study provides meaningful insights into the growth, survival, and virulence of L. monocytogenes, offering valuable information for understanding the correlation between the pathogenicity and subtypes of L. monocytogenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modified magnetite and hydrothermal apatite in banded iron formations (BIFs) are ideal minerals for studying hydrothermal and metamorphic processes and are applied to linking with high-grade Fe mineralization and metamorphism in iron deposits hosted by BIFs. In this study, we have investigated the geochemical composition of modified magnetite and hydrothermal apatite and in situ U-Pb geochronology on apatite from the Huogezhuang BIF-hosted Fe deposit in northeastern China. The magnetite in metamorphosed BIF is modified, locally fragmented, and forms millimeter- to micrometer-scale bands. The apatite is present surrounding or intergrowing with magnetite, has corroded surfaces, and contains irregular impurities and fluid inclusions, indicating that it has been partly hydrothermally altered. Original element compositions (e.g., Fe, Al, Ti, K, Mg, and Mn) of magnetite in BIFs have been modified during high-grade Fe mineralization and retrogressive metamorphism with temperature reduction and addition of acids. The hydrothermally altered apatite has been relatively reduced in the contents of Ca, P, F, La, Ce, Nd, δCe, δEu, and total REEs compared to non-altered apatite. The magnetite and apatite in low-grade BIFs are poorer in FeOT than those from the high-grade Fe ores, indicating that Fe is remobilized during the transition from BIFs to high-grade Fe ores. The magnetite and apatite in high-grade Fe ores are overgrown by greenschist-facies minerals formed during retrograde metamorphism, suggesting that the high-grade Fe mineralization may be related to retrogressive metamorphism. In situ U-Pb geochronology of apatite intergrown with magnetite and zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating at Huogezhuang deposit reveals that the BIF-hosted magnetite was altered and remobilized at ca. 1950–1900 Ma, and deposition of the BIF began during the Late Neoarchean. The changes of elements in the modified magnetite and diferent geochemical compositions of the altered and unaltered apatite confirm that the modified magnetite and hydrothermal apatite can be efective in tracing high-grade Fe mineralization and retrogressive metamorphism in BIFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Gram stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, short-rod actinomyces strain GXQ1321 T was isolated from maritime surface sediments in Beihai (21° 41' 21.65″ N, 109° 05' 76.56″ E), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and a number of categorization studies were performed. Following a period of 72 h of incubation at a temperature of 30 °C within a modified actinomycete culture medium, the colony was light-yellow, circular, smooth, central bulge, convex, opaque, with a 1.2-2.3 mm diameter. Strain GXQ1321 T had the ability to degrade cellulose. Chemotaxonomic studies revealed that the major methylnaphthoquinones in strain GXQ1321 T was MK-8(H 2 ). The most prevalent cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C 19:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 17:0 , and iso-C 16:0 . The whole-cell sugars of the strain GXQ1321 T were identified rhamnose, xylose and glucose. Meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the peptidoglycan hydrolysate, and the polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, three phosphoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipid. This strain had 69.6% DNA G+C content. Strain GXQ1321 T is classified as Brevibacterium based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence. It is closely related to Brevibacterium samyangense SST-8  T (96.8%) and Brevibacterium rongguiense 5221  T (96.3%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of GXQ1321 T and the above two type strains were 73.9-77.1%, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values were 15.3-21.1%. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain GXQ1321 T was considered to be a novel species of the genus Brevibacterium, named Brevibacterium litoralis sp. nov, with the type strain GXQ1321 T (= MCCC 1K08964 T  = KCTC 59167  T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Introduction: Twenty-four-hour movement behaviors: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are crucial factors affecting older adults' health. Using a compositional data analysis approach, this study examined the associations of time spent in these four movement behaviors with cardiometabolic health, physical fitness, and mental health among older adults. Furthermore, this study identified the estimated changes in aforementioned health outcomes by reallocating SB time to other movement behaviors., Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study of 4562 participants (67.68 ± 5.03 yr; 55.8% female) were implemented in Hubei China between July 25 and November 19, 2020. Measures included demographics, movement behaviors, cardiometabolic indicators (body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, percentage body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure), physical fitness, and mental health outcomes (depressive symptoms and loneliness). Compositional data analyses were implemented in R., Results: MVPA and sleep time were associated with greater health outcomes (all P < 0.001), except blood pressure ( P = 0.13-0.83). LPA time was associated with waist circumference ( B = 0.313, P = 0.009), waist-hip ratio ( B = 0.003, P = 0.003), physical fitness ( B = 0.36, P < 0.001), and mental health indicators (both P < 0.001). Reallocating 30-min SB to MVPA and sleep was associated with predicated improvements in all health outcomes, except blood pressure, whereas reallocating 30-min SB to LPA resulted in predicted improvements in physical fitness (0.187 units), depressive symptoms (-0.264 units), and loneliness (-0.395 units). For dose-effect relationships, reallocating 5-60 min of SB to MVPA showed greatest benefits for all health outcomes., Conclusions: This study provides timely empirical evidence for future interventions and policymaking on promoting healthy aging during the post-COVID-19 era. The findings underline the importance of including 24-h movement behaviors in future health promotion among older adults., (Copyright © 2024 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)

Understanding the hydrological processes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the surface karst zone is crucial for the utilization and safety of groundwater resources. However, research on DOM in drip water from karst caves is limited. In this study, continuous monitoring was conducted for four years at four drip water monitoring sites (MP1, MP2, MP3, and MP9) in Furong Cave, Southwest China. The three-dimensional fluorescence excitation–emission spectroscopy (3D-EEM) and fluorescence region integration (FRI) methods were employed, along with correlation analysis, to investigate the spectral characteristics, composition, sources, and influencing factors of the DOM in the drip water of Furong Cave. The results indicated that (1) the three-dimensional fluorescence peaks in the drip water were classified into six categories: A, B, C, T, Ti, and M. (2) The dominant source of the drip water DOM is endogenous organic matter. (3) The FRI analysis indicates a relatively high proportion of Type II substances in the drip water, predominantly composed of tryptophan-like substances. (4) The DOM in the drip water of Furong Cave was influenced by various factors, including the mixing effect of "new" and "old" water, water residence time in karst systems, and water–rock interactions (WRI), resulting in the complex responses of drip rates and DOM to surface precipitation and temperature at different drip water sites. This study provides a reference for comparative research on DOM in cave drip water in karst regions, which contributes to a better understanding of the migration mechanism of DOM in karst aquifers under different climate and karst ecological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal–fetal listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is a rare but serious infection. Herein, we report the clinical and genomic characteristics of a clinical L. monocytogenes ST120 isolate recovered from a pregnant woman.Methods: The clinical symptoms and treatment in pregnant woman were described in detail. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the L. monocytogenes isolate SJZ_LM001, and the genomic characterization of the isolate was deeply analyzed.Results: The clinical symptoms in pregnant women were mainly fever, and the placenta experienced severe inflammation. The pregnant woman was treated with ampicillin for effective anti-infective therapy. Genomic analysis showed that isolate SJZ_LM001 is sequence type (ST) 120, belong to clonal complex (CC)8 and lineage II of L. monocytogenes. Additionally, the isolates SJZ_LM001 harbored a novel plasmid pSJZ_LM001, which carried arsenical resistance genes (arsACD and acr3), and cadmium resistance genes (cadAC). Drug susceptibility testing showed that the isolate SJZ-LM001 was susceptible to ampicillin, meropenem, penicillin, and cotrimoxazole.Conclusion: This is the first to identify a clinical case of infection in a pregnant woman caused by ST120 L. monocytogenes in China. These findings could benefit our understanding of the genomic characteristics of L. monocytogenes, and the pregnancy-related listeriosis and providing early diagnosis and effective targeted treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep, unstable slopes are highly developed in mountainous areas, especially in the Minjiang River Basin, Sichuan Province, China. In this study, to reveal their deformation evolution characteristics for stability evaluation and disaster prevention, multi-period optical remote sensing images (2010–2019), SBAS-InSAR data (January 2018–December 2019), and on-site real-time monitoring (December 2017–September 2020) were utilized to monitor the deformation of a large deep-seated toppling, named the Tizicao (TZC) Toppling. The obtained results by different techniques were cross-validated and synthesized in order to introduce the spatial and temporal characteristics of the toppling. It was found that the displacements on the north side of the toppling are much larger than those on the south side, and the leading edge exhibits a composite damage pattern of "collapse failure" and "bulging cracking". The development process of the toppling from the formation of a tensile crack at the northern leading edge to the gradual pulling of the rear edge was revealed for a time span of up to ten years. In addition, the correlation between rainfall, earthquakes, and GNSS time series showed that the deformation of the toppling is sensitive to rainfall but does not change under the effect of earthquakes. The surface-displacement-monitoring method in this study can provide a reference for the evolution analysis of unstable slopes with a large span of deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the association between prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the incidence and frequency of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in preschool children. We selected 527 mother–infant pairs from Wuhan Healthy Baby Cohort (WHBC), China. Ten PFASs were measured in umbilical cord serum, and we collected data on common RTIs in preschool children aged 4 years through a questionnaire. Associations of single PFASs with the incidence and frequency of RTIs were analyzed via Logistic regression and Poisson regression, while the collective effect was assessed by weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Furthermore, stratified and interaction analyses were performed to evaluate if there were sex-specific associations. We found a positive correlation between perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) and the incidence of tonsillitis, with several PFASs also showing positive associations with its frequency. Moreover, perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) showed a positive link with the frequency of common cold. The results of WQS regression revealed that after adjusting for other covariates, PFASs mixture showed a positive association with the incidence of tonsillitis, the frequency of common cold, and episodes. In particular, perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), PFDoDA, PFTrDA, perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and 8:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (8:2 Cl-PFESA) had the most significant impact on this combined effect. The results suggest that both single and mixed exposures to PFASs may cause RTIs in preschool children. However, there was no statistically significant interaction between different PFASs and sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tan and Hu sheep are well-known local breeds in China, producing lamb fur with unique ornamental and practical values highly appreciated by consumers worldwide. Fur quality is optimal at one month of age and gradually declines with time. Despite active research on its genetic mechanism using transcriptomic and whole genome bisulfite sequencing analysis, the main effective gene locus has not been found, and its regulatory mechanism is still unclear, which limits the breeding and improvement of fur traits. Results: Scapular skin samples from newborn (1-month old) and adult (24-month old) Tan sheep were utilized for small ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the newborn and adult groups were completely separated. Differential expression analysis of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) identified 32 up-regulated miRNAs and 48 down-regulated miRNAs in the newborn groups. All up-regulated miRNAs were located in the imprinted. Dlk1-Gtl2 locus on chromosome 18, whereas all down-regulated miRNAs were distributed across the sheep chromosomes, without a clear pattern of positional consistency. Further, by systematically analyzing the target genes and signaling pathways of all 32 up-regulated miRNAs, we found that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway has the potential to be targeted and regulated by most of the miRNAs in the Dlk1-Gtl2 region. In addition, we also re-analyzed miRNA sequencing data from public databases on Hu lambs (full sibling Hu lambs with high- and low-quality fur characteristics). Again, it was found that most of the up-regulated miRNAs in lambs with high-quality fur were also located in the Dlk1-Gtl2 region, whereas this patter was not present for down-regulated miRNAs. Conclusion: Sequencing of miRNAs in conjunction with public databases was employed to identify miRNAs within the imprinted Dlk1-Gtl2 region on chromosome 18, suggesting their potential roles as epigenetic regulators of fur traits. Small RNAs located at the Dlk1-Gtl2 locus were identified as having the potential to systematically regulate the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, thereby indicating the relevance of the Dlk1-Gtl2/PI3K-AKT axis in the context of fur traits. Selection of parental specific expressed imprinted genes in the process of conserving and exploiting lamb fur traits should be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use Sr-Nd isotopes of apatite and trace element compositions of apatite-zircon pairs from a major ore layer in each of three selected magmatic Fe-Ti-V oxide ore deposits (Hongge, Panzhihua, and Taihe) in the Emeishan large igneous province (LIP) in southwestern China to contrast the magmatic controls on ore formation. The average contents of REEs in apatite from a representative ore zone/layer in each of these deposits are higher than the predicted values of apatite crystallizing from a melt with REE contents assumed to be the same as the average values of high-Ti basalts in the Emeishan LIP, confirming that the ore-forming magmas all experienced higher degrees of fractional crystallization by major silicate minerals than the average basalt. The apatites Sm/Yb and Sr/Y indicate that the Panzhihua magma was generated at a shallower depth and experienced higher degree of plagioclase fractional crystallization than Taihe and Hongge. The apatite Sr-Nd isotopes can be reproduced by ~ 8 wt% contamination with Precambrian gneiss-schist in the parental magma for Hongge and by ~ 10 wt% and ~ 25 wt% contamination with marbles in the parental magmas for Panzhihua and Taihe, respectively. A recycled, high-T altered oceanic gabbroic component in the mantle source is a viable alternative to the marble contamination model for Taihe. Coexisting zircon trace element compositions reveal that the parental magma for Taihe (ΔFMQ+4.0) is more oxidized than those for Hongge (ΔFMQ−0.4) and Panzhihua (ΔFMQ−0.7), questioning that magma oxidation played a critical role in the genesis of Fe-Ti-V oxide ore deposits in the Emeishan LIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Panzhihua mafic intrusion, which hosts a world‐class Fe‐Ti‐V ore deposit, is in the western Emeishan region, SW China. The formation age (∼260 Ma), and Sr and Nd isotopes indicate that the Panzhihua intrusion is part of the Emeishan large igneous province and has little crustal contamination. To assess ore genesis of the Panzhihua Fe‐Ti‐V ore deposit, two different models have been provided to explain the formation, namely silicate immiscibility and normal fractional crystallization. Silicate immiscibility occurring around 1,000°C at the late stage of basaltic magma evolution argues against the silicate immiscibility model. Apatite‐hosted melt inclusion research indicates that silicate immiscibility occurred at the late stage of Panzhihua magma evolution, which may not have offered potential to form such large ore deposits as Panzhihua. Alternatively, continuous compositional variations of the Panzhihua intrusion and calculations using thermodynamic modelling software support the hypothesis that the Panzhihua deposit was formed by normal fractional crystallization. Reciprocal trace element patterns of the Panzhihua intrusion and nearby felsic rocks also coincide with the fractional crystallization model. Normal fractional crystallization of high‐Ti basaltic magma played a key role in the formation of the Panzhihua Fe‐Ti‐V ore deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listeria monocytogenes is an important pathogen that can cause listeriosis. Despite the growing recognition of Listeria spp. as a foodborne and environmental pathogen, the understanding of its prevalence and characteristics of Listeria spp. in the marine environment remains unknown. In this study, we first investigated the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Listeria species isolated in a coastal city in China. The findings revealed that the sequence type 87 (ST87) L. monocytogenes, a prevalent clinical and seafood strain in China, dominates in recreational beach sands and possesses a notable biofilm-forming capacity in seawater. The presence of ST87 L. monocytogenes in coastal environments indicates the potential health risks for both recreational activities and seafood consumption. Moreover, the ST121 isolates from sand had a versatile plasmid encoding multifunctional genes, including uvrX for UV resistance, gbuC for salt resistance, and npx for oxidative resistance and multiple transposases, which potentially aid in survival under natural environments. Black-headed gulls potentially facilitate the spread of L. monocytogenes, with similar ST35 strains found in gulls and beach sand. As a reservoir of microbes from marine environments and human/animal excrement, coastal sand would play an important role in the spread of L. monocytogenes and is an environmental risk for human listeriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Mosquitoes are generally recognized as the most important vector of many zoonotic pathogens. In this study, seven mosquitoes species were identified (Anopheles pullus, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles lesteri, Anopheles kleini, Ochlerotatus dorsalis, Aedes koreicus and Culex inatomii) in samples collected from Yingkou City, Liaoning Province, Northeastern China. A novel Rickettsia species was detected in Anopheles sinensis (two of 71, 2.82%) and Anopheles pullus (one of 106, 0.94%) mosquitoes. Genetic analysis indicated that the rrs and ompB genes have highest 99.60% and 97.88%–98.14% identities to Rickettsia felis, an emerging human pathogen of global concern mainly harboured by fleas, mosquitoes and booklice. The gltA sequences of these strains have 99.72% of nucleotide similarity with Rickettsia endosymbiont of Medetera jacula. The groEL sequences have 98.37% similarity to both Rickettsia tillamookensis and Rickettsia australis. The htrA sequences have 98.77% similarity to Rickettsia lusitaniae. In the phylogenetic tree based on concatenated nucleotide sequences of rrs, gltA, groEL, ompB and htrA genes, these strains are closely related to R. felis. Herein, we name it 'Candidatus Rickettsia yingkouensis'. Its human pathogenicity to humans and animals is still to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perampanel (PER) is a new type of antiseizure medication used for partial or generalized seizures. However, the plasma concentration shows obvious individual variability in children. The present study aims to ascertain the effect of age, comedications, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/5 polymorphisms on PER exposure in Chinese pediatric patients with epilepsy. Clinical data were retrospectively collected in a tertiary children's hospital medical records system from January 2021 to December 2022. The influence factors on the daily dose, plasma concentration, and concentration-to-dose ratio (CDR) of PER were investigated. A total of 135 pediatric patients with 178 blood samples were involved. With a median daily dose of 4.0 mg (interquartile range, 3.0-5.0 mg), the median plasma concentration was 409.4 ng/mL (interquartile range, 251.7-639.4 ng/mL). The CDR in patients aged less than 4 years was significantly decreased by 48.0% and 39.1% compared with those aged 4-11 years and 12 years or older, respectively. Enzyme inducers significantly decreased the CDR of PER by 34.5%, while valproic acid showed an increase of 71.7%. In addition, genotype CYP3A5*3/*3 carriers presented a significant increase of 21.5% compared to the CYP3A5*1/*3 expresser. No correlations were observed between the CDR and CYP3A4∗1G polymorphism. PER showed high variations in individual plasma concentrations. Age younger than 4 years, comedication with enzyme inducers or valproic acid, and possession of the CYP3A5*3 genotype potentially predicted PER exposure in pediatric patients with epilepsy., (© 2024, The American College of Clinical Pharmacology.)

To investigate the unmet needs for rehabilitation services among middle-aged and older adults in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, and identify the associated factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted on middle-aged and older adults in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, between 2015 and 2016. The questionnaire included demographic data and questions about rehabilitation needs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associated factors of unmet needs for rehabilitation services. Among 663 participants, 91.70% needed medical rehabilitation (608/663), 26.55% of who need auxiliary equipment (176/663), 77.07% of who need daily care and social participation (511/663), and 79.34% of who need recreational therapy activities (526/663), while < 30% required auxiliary equipment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that residents who were married, had annual income < CNY 80,000, had no medical insurance, had three or more health problems, were aged ≥ 60, and the disability status were independently associated with unmet needs for rehabilitation services (all P < 0.05). Marital status, annual income, medical insurance, health problems, and disability might be factors independently associated with the unmet needs for rehabilitation services. Attention should be paid to the financial burden of the population on rehabilitation services, and in addition to the disabled, the slow patients should also be given priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nocardia species can cause local or disseminated infection. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of nocardiosis are required, because it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of local species distribution and susceptibility patterns is important to appropriate empiric therapy. However, knowledge on the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of clinical Nocardia species remains limited in China. Methods: The data of isolation of Nocardia species were collected from databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase as well as Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang and VIP). Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Random effect models were used and tested with Cochran's Q and I2 statistics taking into account the possibility of heterogeneity between studies. Results: In total, 791 Nocardia isolates were identified to 19 species levels among all the recruited studies. The most common species were N. farcinica (29.1%, 230/791), followed by N. cyriacigeorgica (25.3%, 200/791), N. brasiliensis (11.8%, 93/791) and N. otitidiscaviarum (7.8%, 62/791). N. farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica are widely distributed, N. brasiliensis mainly prevalent in the Southern, N. otitidiscaviarum mainly distributed in the east coastal provinces of China. Totally, 70.4% (223/317) Nocardia were cultured from respiratory tract specimens, 16.4% (52/317) from extra-pulmonary specimens, and 13.3% (42/317) from disseminated infection. The proportion of susceptible isolates as follows: linezolid 99.5% (197/198), amikacin 96.0% (190/198), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 92.9% (184/198), imipenem 64.7% (128/198). Susceptibility varied by species of Nocardia. Conclusions: N. farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica are the most frequently isolated species, which are widely distributed in China. Pulmonary nocardiosis is the most common type of infection. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can still be the preferred agent for initial Nocardia infection therapy due to the low resistance rate, linezolid and amikacin could be an alternative to treat nocardiosis or a choice in a combination regimen. Author summary: Nocardiosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Nocardia and potentially lifethreatening infection. Despite increasing attention towards the Nocardia infections, the overall epidemiological information and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of clinical Nocardia species remains limited for China. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using data of 42 qualified publications. Our pooled analysis of these studies demonstrated that N. farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica are the most frequently isolated species, which are widely distributed in China. Totally, 70.4% (223/317) Nocardia were cultured from respiratory tract specimens. Susceptibility varied by species of Nocardia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can still be the preferred agent for initial Nocardia infection therapy due to the low resistance rate, linezolid and amikacin could be an alternative to treat nocardiosis or a choice in a combination regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mafic magmatic enclaves (MMEs) hosted in granitic plutons are ideal to investigate the role of mushes on magma mixing processes in crustal magma chambers. However, the petrographic evidence for mixing of magmas through infiltration and percolation in coexisting mushes and magmas is desired. Here, we describe complex zoning patterns of plagioclase in the MMEs hosted in the monzogranite of the Early Cretaceous Sanguliu pluton in East China to reveal a mush-facilitated magma mixing process. The MMEs appear as round to oval nodules about 10 to 20 cm in size and show diverse disequilibrium textures. Plagioclase in the MMEs can be identified as three populations (Plag1, Plag2, and Plag3) with distinct zoning patterns, anorthite contents (X An) and initial Sr isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sri). Plag1 is antecryst displaying normal zoning with An42–67 in the core and An20–36 in the mantle. The core of Plag1 shows coarse sieve texture with high-frequency oscillation in the margin, and the mantle displays resorption surface and patchy zoning. Plag2 is also antecryst with An23–66 in the core and An21–35 in the mantle. However, its core can be further recognized as Core I inside and Core II outside with distinctly different An23–43 and An44–66, respectively, showing reverse zoning. In addition, Core I contains aligned biotite inclusions and Core II shows sieve texture, resorption surface and patchy zoning. Amphibole inclusions are sporadically enclosed within Core I of Plag2 (Amp1) and mantles of Plag1 and Plag2 (Amp2), but rarely observed in Core II of Plag2. Plag3 is anhedral grain in the matrix and shows core-rim texture with An20–37 in the core. The three plagioclase populations all exhibit angular rims with resembling An9–22. Plag1 core and Plag2 Core II have (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.70920 to 0.71092) similar to the bulk (87Sr/86Sr)i of the mafic dykes intruding the Sanguliu pluton, and likely crystallized from basaltic andesitic magmas. In contrast, the rims of Plag1, Plag2, and Plag3 overall have (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.71391 to 0.71583) nearly identical to the (87Sr/86Sr)i of host monzogranite and the plagioclase in the monzogranite, likely crystallized from granitic magmas. The mantles of Plag1 and Plag2 and the core of Plag3 have (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.71141 to 0.71390) overlapping the (87Sr/86Sr)i of the MMEs, and may have crystallized from mixed melts. Calculation results based on amphibole thermobarometers show that Amp1 crystallized at ~775 °C and ~ 16 km depth, whereas Amp2 and the amphibole in the matrix of the MMEs and monzogranite crystallized at 730 to 744 °C and 8 to 9 km depth. We thus propose that the chemical and textural complexity of the three plagioclase populations in the MMEs can be attributed to that the MMEs may have come from a mushy hybrid layer that was developed through a molten granitic body being recharged by upwelling basaltic andesitic magma. Core I of Plag2 may have nucleated and grown from andesitic magma that was evolved from the basaltic andesitic magma from which the core of Plag1 and Core II of Plag2 crystallized. The two types of antecrystic plagioclase then may have experienced resorption and disequilibrium growth in the hybrid layer, and finally rimmed with ambient, evolved interstitial melt within mushy MMEs. This study shows that complex zoning patterns and compositions of plagioclase populations in the MMEs hosted in granitic plutons have important bearings on mush-facilitated magma mixing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure marine chemical sediments are archives of geochemical proxies for the composition of seawater and may provide information about the ancient hydrosphere–atmosphere system. The early stage of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) was characterized by the subaqueous eruption of mafic igneous rocks around the J. altudaensis zone of the Capitanian Stage that has been proposed to have contributed to the Guadalupian mass extinction. However, detailed mechanisms and the impact of the eruption on the Guadalupian marine environment have yet to be assessed. Here, to examine the Guadalupian marine environment, we studied major and trace element concentrations, particularly rare earth element and yttrium data, along with high-precision Sr-Nd isotope ratios, of three types of Mn ores (i.e., clastic, massive, and oolitic) and siliceous limestones from the Zunyi Mn deposit in South China formed following the early-stage eruption of the ELIP. Our results indicate that the clastic Mn ores contain notable detrital mafic aluminosilicates. In contrast, the massive and oolitic Mn ores and siliceous limestones preserved the pristine geochemical signatures of the Middle–Late Permian seawater characterized by distinctly low (87Sr/86Sr)i and high εNd(t) values. These data indicate a strong impact of the early-stage submarine eruptions of the ELIP on the marine environment in South China and worldwide, likely through intensive seawater–rock interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the response of runoff changes to extreme climate evolution was of great scientific significance for the rational regulation of watershed water resources and the prevention of hydrological disasters. However, the time–frequency response relationships were not clear. The Yinjiang River watershed, a typical watershed with karst trough valley areas, was chosen to identify the impact of different climatic driving factors on runoff changes from 1984 to 2015. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT), cross-wavelet transform (XWT), and wavelet coherence transform (WTC) were performed to study the response relationship and time–frequency effect between runoff changes and extreme climate change at different time scales. The main results showed that: (1) Twelve extreme climate indices (ECIs) were detected to have a significant impact on runoff changes, mainly on a 6-year time scale; (2) The R10 and Rx1day in extreme precipitation index and SU34.4 and TNx in the extreme temperature index were the main driving factors of runoff changes, which had relatively large impacts on runoff changes in high and low energy vibration regions. However, the remaining eight ECIs that passed the 0.05 confidence level showed relatively large impacts on runoff changes only in low energy vibration regions; (3) The transition of the interaction between ECIs and runoff changes in high and low time–frequency scales was related to the abrupt change characteristics of the ECIs. The correlation of abrupt change was an important reason for the emergence of highly correlated regions that trigger high and low energy vibrations; (4) As a whole, the extreme precipitation events were ahead of runoff changes at the high time–frequency scale and exhibited small lag effects at the low time–frequency scale, while extreme temperature events were mainly ahead of runoff changes. This study has effectively revealed the impact of climate factors at different scales on runoff changes, and provides a theoretical understanding for regulating and managing water resources in karst basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textural and compositional zoning within plagioclase phenocrysts records the magma chamber processes, such as magma differentiation, magma recharge and mixing, and crustal contamination. The plagioclase phenocrysts in the Daqiao and Qiaojia plagioclase-phyric basalts from the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (LIP) show complex textural and compositional zoning patterns, e.g., normal, reverse, oscillatory, and patchy zoning patterns. Most plagioclase phenocrysts exhibit a core–rim normal zoning pattern (Pl-A) with euhedral high-An cores (An = 76–78%, in mole fraction) and low-An rims (An = 68–72%), indicative of the crystal regrowth processes caused by recharge of relatively evolved magmas after the formation of high-An cores. Some phenocrysts have a core–rim reverse zoning pattern (Pl-B) with irregular ovaloid cores, characterized by extremely low An (60–61 mol%) and Ba (84–88 ppm) contents and extremely high 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7120–0.7130). The rims of the Pl-B have relatively high An (69–72 %), Ba (~160 ppm) contents, and low 87Sr/86Sri (~0.7056). These Pl-B plagioclase phenocrysts preserve the information about the interaction between the crustal xenocrysts and the transporting magmas. Some plagioclase phenocrysts show a core–mantle–rim oscillatory zoning pattern (Pl-C) with multiple oscillations of An (70–80 %), Ba (88–147ppm) from core to rim, revealing replenishment and mixing of multiple batches of basaltic melts with diverse compositions. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Pl-C do not vary significantly (0.7050–0.7054). A small portion of phenocrysts has patchy patterns in the cores (Pl-D), where the low-An patches (72–75 %) in form of elliptical or irregular elongated shapes were enclosed by the high-An domains (80–87 %). These features can be attributed to crystal dissolution and regrowth processes during the reaction between early-formed low-Cumulates and recharged hot primitive melts. The cores, mantles, and rims of different types of plagioclase phenocrysts (except the core of Pl-B) commonly display nearly constant Sr isotopic compositions, implying insignificant wall-rock assimilation at shallow-level magma reservoir(s) during the growth of these plagioclase phenocrysts. In conclusion, the massive crystallization of plagioclase in the late stage was an important controlling factor for the formation of iron-rich basalts in the Emeishan LIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Western Qinling Orogen is marked by secular Triassic magmatism, a thorough understanding of the mechanism of which could provide critical insights into the reconstruction of the Palaeo-Tethys tectono-magmatic activity. Here, we present new geochemical, geochronological and Lu-Hf isotopic data for three batholiths and review regional data. These batholiths have similar rock assemblages (mainly granodiorite and monzogranite), which are characterized by dominantly plagioclase, quartz, and K-feldspar, subsequently amphibole and biotite. Zircon U-Pb data reveal that they represent the long-duration magmatism during the Triassic (ca. 251–223 Ma). Mineralogical characteristics and geochemical affinities manifest that these rocks in the Zeku district can be explicitly delineated as high-K, calc-alkaline, weakly fractionated I-type granites. They yield significantly negative εHf(t) values ranging from −12.81 to −1.26 with old two-stage mantle depleted model ages between 2054 and 1319 Ma. In tandem with Th/Nb (0.98), Th/La (0.39) and La/Nb (2.40) ratios and moderate pressure conditions (ca. 7–10 kbar), the studied granites were derived from partial melting of the Middle Paleoproterozoic to Middle Mesoproterozoic lower crust source region with minor mafic hydrous magma addition. Our new understandings, in conjunction with the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of magmatism in the West Qinling Orogen, as well as the regional tectonic evolution, suggest that the superimposed orogeny evolved from the northward subduction of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean (264–225 Ma) through syn-collision (225–215 Ma) to post-collision (beginning at ca.215 Ma) between the North China Craton and South China Block. In this scenario, at the convergent continental margin, the oceanic plate may have undergone melting producing the melts parental to the Zeku granites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water inrush is the biggest threat for safe mining in the Ruifeng coalmine, located in North China. In the study mining area, the floor water inrush is mainly caused by mining activities and collapse column. In this article, the mechanical criteria of floor water inrush are obtained based on cusp catastrophe theory, which is used to assess floor water inrush risk in the Ruifeng coalmine. Theoretical analysis shows that floor water inrush is very likely to occur during coal mining without the influence of geological structures. Additionally, FLAC3D was used to simulate the damage of floor strata during the mining face advances. Numerical results show that the water inrush channel occurs in front of the mining face due to the influence of stress concentration. Therefore, a microseismic monitoring system was applied to monitor the formation of water inrush pathway. Field monitoring results show that two water inrush pathways were accurately predicted and positioned. Based on the microseismic monitoring results, target grouting was adopted to prevent water inrush. This study provides significant guidance for the prevention of floor water inrush. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Fasciolia hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are widespread and found in the liver and bile ducts of ruminant animals and humans, which poses a major problem in animal husbandry. There are many studies on the prevalence of ovine and caprine fasciolosis in China, but the overall prevalence of fasciolosis and the risk factors are still unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of ovine and caprine fasciolosis in China. The pooled prevalence of ovine and caprine fasciolosis was 26.00%. Out of all the subgroups, the type of season and sampling years showed the most significant (p < 0.05) differences. The results indicated that ovine and caprine fasciolosis was widely distributed, especially in Northwestern China. The risk factors related to the disease are described in this study. Therefore, strategies for ovine and caprine fasciolosis control can be developed based on the epidemic risk factors that are identified in this study, which will thus reduce the prevalence of fasciolosis in China. Fasciolosis is a significant zoonotic and common parasitic disease for animals and humans, creating public health concerns worldwide. This study retrieved articles related to the occurrence of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in sheep and goats in China by searching five databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and the VIP Chinese Journal Database. A total of 60 valid articles were captured. The pooled prevalence of ovine and caprine fasciolosis was 26.00%. It was also found to be higher in the subgroups of Northwest China and Shaanxi Province, as well as in areas with a high altitude, rainfall of ≥800 mm, and temperature ranging between 10 °C and 20 °C. Analysis of the type of season and sampling years showed significant (p < 0.05) difference. In other subgroups, sheep (34.74%), hosts aged over 2 years (32.26%), females (48.33%) and free-range animals (26.83%) showed a higher disease prevalence. These results indicated that ovine and caprine fasciolosis was widely distributed, especially in Northwest China. The sampling years and the type of season are risk factors for the prevalence of ovine and caprine fasciolosis. Therefore, strategies for ovine and caprine fasciolosis control should be developed based on these epidemic risk factors, which will reduce the prevalence of fasciolosis in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guiding individuals to adopt pro-environmental behaviors is critical to achieving carbon neutrality goals. Public policy targeted at a small number of people may be amplified by interpersonal interaction, making peer effect a potentially useful tool for accelerating problem solving. However, previous studies have paid insufficient attention to the influence of peers on university students' energy-saving behaviors. This paper attempts to examine the effect using a large-scale survey dataset conducted on students from Xiamen University in China and the classical linear-in-means model. The result shows that peers' pro-environmental behaviors have positive effect on individuals. The heterogeneity of the influence and the potential mechanisms are also explored. This paper contributes to very important and still growing literature dealing with contagion processes in pro-environmental behaviors. The policy implication is that the government should make full use of the peer effect to maximize the benefits of energy-conservation campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater plays a crucial role in triggering and reactivating deep-seated landslides. However, classical hydrogeological investigations have limitations in their applicability to deep-seated landslides due to anisotropic and heterogeneous media. The Huangtupo landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has garnered significant attention due to its high hazard potential. Of particular interest is the NO.1 Riverside Sliding Mass (HTP-1), which has shown notable deformation and has become the primary focus of landslide research. The study aims to investigate the sources of water in the HTP-1 landslide through hydrochemical analysis. This was achieved by monitoring the major ion content in the groundwater within the landslide for one year. Furthermore, stable isotope investigations were conducted on the groundwater in and around the landslide area, and an analysis of the mineral composition of the landslide soil was also performed. The results indicate that the groundwater in the landslide area (LGW) is a mixture of karst groundwater (KGW) from the adjacent upslope and local precipitation (LP). The karst groundwater is a major contributor to the recharge of the landslide groundwater system, causing a high component of groundwater that can easily exceed the critical level that causes landside failure during heavy rainfall events. Furthermore, prior to the relocation of residents from the Huangtupo landslide, the landslide groundwater was also impacted by human sewage, which not only affected the chemical composition of groundwater, but also had potential implications for slope stability. These findings provide a more scientific basis for the design and implementation of interception and drainage measures for the Huangtupo landslide and other large-scale landslides with similar geological conditions in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnant women are widely exposed to phthalic acid esters (PAEs) that are commonly used in most aspects of modern life. However, few studies have examined the cumulative exposure of pregnant women to a variety of PAEs derived from the living environmental conditions in China. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the urinary concentrations of nine PAE metabolites in pregnant women, examine the relationship between urinary concentrations and residential characteristics, and conduct a risk assessment analysis. We included 1,888 women who were in their third trimester of pregnancy, and we determined their urinary concentrations of nine PAE metabolites using high-performance gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The risk assessment of exposure to PAEs was calculated based on the estimated daily intake. A linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between creatinine-adjusted PAE metabolite concentrations and residential characteristics. The detection rate of five PAE metabolites in the study population was > 90%. Among the PAE metabolites adjusted by creatinine, the urinary metabolite concentration of monobutyl phthalate was found to be the highest. Residential factors, such as housing type, proximity to streets, recent decorations, lack of ventilation in the kitchen, less than equal to three rooms, and the use of coal/kerosene/wood/wheat straw fuels, were all significantly associated with high PAE metabolite concentrations. Due to PAE exposure, ~ 42% (n = 793) of the participants faced potential health risks, particularly attributed to dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, and di(2-ethyl)hexyl phthalate exposure. Living in buildings and using coal/kerosene/wood/wheat straw as domestic fuel can further increase the risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sharply increased beef consumption is propelling the genetic improvement projects of beef cattle in China. Three-dimensional genome structure is confirmed to be an important layer of transcription regulation. Although genome-wide interaction data of several livestock species have already been produced, the genome structure states and its regulatory rules in cattle muscle are still limited. Results: Here we present the first 3D genome data in Longissimus dorsi muscle of fetal and adult cattle (Bos taurus). We showed that compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), and loop undergo re-organization and the structure dynamics were consistent with transcriptomic divergence during muscle development. Furthermore, we annotated cis-regulatory elements in cattle genome during myogenesis and demonstrated the enrichments of promoter and enhancer in selection sweeps. We further validated the regulatory function of one HMGA2 intronic enhancer near a strong sweep region on primary bovine myoblast proliferation. Conclusions: Our data provide key insights of the regulatory function of high order chromatin structure and cattle myogenic biology, which will benefit the progress of genetic improvement of beef cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationship in streamflow provides insights into hydrological transport at the catchment scale. Changes in hydrological connectivity during runoff events often dominate flood and solute export in the karst catchment. However, only few studies have explored intra‐event C‐Q relationships and how they are affected by hydrological connectivity in karst catchment. In this study, we explored the intra‐event C‐Q relationships in underground channel flows by integrating solute concentration, discharge and modelled flow age in a 1.25 km2 karst catchment in southwest China. We apply piecewise functions to characterize the C‐Q relationships on rising and falling limbs of hydrograph. Geogenic solutes exhibited dilution C‐Q patterns during the runoff event, which could be fitted by two power‐law models with different coefficients on rising and falling limbs. Affected by the strong hydrological connectivity between surface and subsurface, hillslope and depression, a steeper C‐Q slope on the rising limb indicated an exhaustible, proximal source, that is, groundwater. In contrast, the C‐Q patterns of the soil enriched solutes changed from enrichment to dilution during the runoff event. The enrichment pattern occurring at the early of rising limb was caused by strong hydrological connectivity between the surface and subsurface, which indicated a distal and plentiful sources of soil water. Whilst the strong hydrological connectivity between hillslope and depression caused a dilution pattern at the latter of rising limb. On the falling limb of hydrograph, a dilution pattern implied that the small fractures could be another source zone of soil‐enriched solutes in addition to soil layer in the depression. The C‐Q behaviours of soil‐enriched solutes can be fitted by a combination of a parabola model and a power law model for rising and falling limbs, respectively. The current study highlights the variations in intra‐event C‐Q relationships of different solutes affected by hydrological connectivity in the karst catchment. Which is crucial for assession of hydrochemical processes and fertilization management in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics are essential for treating neonatal sepsis, but abuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics have harmful adverse effects. The inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the significant increase in bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the changes in antibiotic usages in a NICU after the implementation of an antibiotic stewardship program and to determine the impact of this implementation on the short-term clinical outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. The antibiotic stewardship program was initiated in the NICU in early 2015. For analysis, all eligible VLBW infants born from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016 were enrolled, and we classified the year 2014 as pre-stewardship, 2015 as during stewardship, and 2016 as post-stewardship. A total of 249 VLBW infants, including 96 cases in the 2014 group, 77 cases in the 2015 group, and 76 cases in the 2016 group, were included for final analysis. Empirical antibiotics were used in over 90% of VLBW infants in all three groups during their NICU stay. Over the 3-year period, the duration of an initial antibiotic course was significantly reduced. The proportion of patients receiving an initial antibiotic course for ≤3 days gradually increased (2.1% vs. 9.1% vs. 38.2%, p < 0.001), while the proportion of babies treated with an initial antibiotic course >7 days significantly decreased (95.8% vs. 79.2% vs. 39.5%, p < 0.001). The total days of antibiotic usage during the entire NICU stay also showed a significant reduction (27.0 vs. 21.0 vs. 10.0, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the reduction in antibiotic usage was associated with decreased odds of having an adverse composite short-term outcome (aOR = 5.148, 95% CI: 1.598 to 16.583, p = 0.006). To assess the continuity of antibiotic stewardship in the NICU, data from 2021 were also analyzed and compared to 2016. The median duration of an initial antibiotic course further decreased from 5.0 days in 2016 to 4.0 days in 2021 (p < 0.001). The proportion of an initial antibiotic course in which antibiotics were used for ≤3 days increased (38.2% vs. 56.7%, p = 0.022). Total antibiotic usage days during the entire NICU stay also decreased from 10.0 days in 2016 to 7.0 days in 2021 (p = 0.010). The finding of this study strongly suggests that restricting antibiotic use in VLBW infants is beneficial and can be achieved safely and effectively in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xinggao sheep are a breed of Chinese domestic sheep that are adapted to the extremely cold climatic features of the Hinggan League in China. The economically vital reproductive trait of ewes (litter size, LS) and productive traits of lambs (birth weight, BWT; weaning weight, WWT; and average daily gain, ADG) are expressed in females and later in life after most of the selection decisions have been made. This study estimated the genetic parameters for four traits to explore the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation, and we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) tests on a small sample size to identify novel marker trait associations (MTAs) associated with prolificacy and growth. We detected two suggestive significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with LS and eight significant SNPs for BWT, WWT, and ADG. These candidate loci and genes also provide valuable information for further fine-mapping of QTLs and improvement of reproductive and productive traits in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystallization and solidification pathways in crustal magma chambers control the chemical and textural evolution of igneous rocks. However, deciphering these codes from completely solidified cumulates is challenging and requires a full understanding of growth processes of minerals and textures of rocks. In this study, we collected samples from a ca. 380-m-thick drill core intersecting the ultramafic sequence of the Xinjie layered intrusion in SW China, which is composed of wehrlite with poikilitic clinopyroxene (Cpx), and clinopyroxenite and olivine clinopyroxenite with euhedral to subhedral Cpx grains. Using micro-X-ray fluorescence and electron probe micro-analyzer mapping techniques, we found that the Cpx grains in clinopyroxenite and olivine clinopyroxenite are characterized by sector-zoned, Cr-rich cores, whereas the Cpx oikocrysts in wehrlite only show Cr-rich cores without sector zoning. The sector-zoned cores of the Cpx grains are widespread in clinopyroxenite and olivine clinopyroxenite and consist of Si–Mg-rich hourglass sectors and Cr–Al–Ti-rich prism sectors, indicating rapid growth of the Cpx grains due to moderate degrees of undercooling, which may be induced by fast cooling during initial emplacement of Cpx-saturated magma into cold country rocks. The sector-zoned Cpx grains thus likely constructed the initial crystal framework in the magma chamber. In contrast, the absence of sector zoning in Cr-rich cores of the Cpx oikocrysts indicates that an olivine-saturated magma may have intruded a high-temperature, Cpx-laden crystal mush so that magma undercooling was significantly reduced or eliminated and no sector zoning developed in the Cpx oikocrysts. Such a process may also result in the spatial variation of the medians of Cpx–Cpx–plagioclase dihedral angles (Θccp) in clinopyroxenite, which shows a significant reduction from an original impingement angle of ~60° in the middle and upper parts to ~40° in the basal part of the sequence. The reduction of Θccp could be attributed to melt-present textural equilibration in the Cpx-laden mush that was sustained by additional heat supplied by massive olivine-saturated melt input in the ~40-m-thick basal part. Here, we propose that the ultramafic sequence of the Xinjie layered intrusion may have formed by the intrusion of primitive, olivine-saturated magma into an early-formed Cpx-laden mush in a manner of sill-like sheets. This study provides new perspectives on the early history of a magma chamber and emphasizes the role of sill intrusion of primitive magmas into crystal mush in the formation of ultramafic sequences in layered intrusions, which has been relatively overlooked in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent anoxia and still water condition is traditionally regarded as the prerequisite to deposit organic-rich sediments. Recent studies found that turbidity current can also carry and deposit terrigenous organic matter, forming organic-rich turbidites. However, it is still unclear whether the organic-rich property of turbidites can form by depositing phytoplankton. Here we found organic-rich turbidites (avg. 2.86 wt% in total organic carbon) in the Eocene Jiyang Depression, China, with the organic matter dominated by phytoplankton. Investigations show turbidity current and algae blooms coupled with each other, both of which induced by warm-humid climate. The turbidity current involved the living phytoplankton during motion, and then phytoplankton deposited along with turbiditic minerals. Meanwhile, the high depositional rate of turbidites prevents organic matter degradation by bottom-water oxidation. Organic-rich turbidites, phytoplankton as dominating organisms, consequently form in the lake basin, acting as a new mechanism for organic matter accumulation. This mechanism shows that turbidites can also act as source rock, as phytoplankton is ideal parent material for hydrocarbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-serving leaders satisfy their self-interests at the cost of both employees and organizations, leading to declining organizational competitive advantage and performance. Drawing upon the affective events theory (AET), we constructed and examined a theoretical model of self-serving leadership influencing counterproductive work behavior (CWB), where traditionality plays a significant moderating role through the lens of anger as a mediator. Data were collected in three waves using a survey questionnaire distributed in three industries located in the Southwest district of China. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted on a sample of 316 employees to test the hypothesized research model. The results showed that self-serving leadership triggers employee anger, which in turn causes CWB. Furthermore, traditionality plays a significant moderating role, in which employees with higher levels of traditionality feel less anger and show less CWB. Overall, research findings have clarified how and why self-serving leadership affects employees' emotions (such as anger) and behavior (such as CWB), bringing new insights into the self-serving leadership and employee behavior literature. Research implications on the management of self-serving leadership, limitations, and future recommendations of research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conceptualizing passive storage in coupled flow–isotope models can improve the simulation of mixing and attenuation effects on tracer transport in many natural systems, such as catchments or rivers. However, the effectiveness of incorporating different conceptualizations of passive storage in models of complex karst flow systems remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed a coupled flow–isotope model that conceptualizes both "fast-flow" and "slow-flow" processes in heterogeneous aquifers as well as hydrological connections between steep hillslopes and low-lying depression units in cockpit karst landscapes. The model tested contrasting configurations of passive storage in the fast- and slow-flow systems and was optimized using a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on detailed observational data of discharge and isotope dynamics in the Chenqi Catchment in southwestern China. Results show that one to three passive-storage zones distributed in hillslope fast-/slow-flow reservoirs and/or depression slow-flow reservoirs provided optimal model structures in the study catchment. This optimization can effectively improve the simulation accuracy for outlet discharge and isotope signatures. Additionally, the optimal tracer-aided model reflects dominant flow paths and connections of the hillslope and depression units, yielding reasonable source area apportionment for dominant hydrological components (e.g., more than ∼ 80 % of fast flow in the total discharge) and solute transport in the steep hillslope unit of karst flow systems. Our coupled flow–isotope model for karst systems provides a novel, flexible tool for more realistic catchment conceptualizations that can easily be transferred to other cockpit karst catchments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: For the reason that the systematic breeding programs and pedigree records are unavailable in the indigenous livestock breeds, it is hard to evaluate their genetic diversity and population structures using the traditional pedigree-based and demographic approaches. The Xieka cattle are an indigenous breed geographically distributed in the southeastern Sichuan, China, and have the long-term evolutionary adaptation to local subtropical highland environments. To explore efficient programs on genetic resources conservation and utilization, the genetic diversity and population structures of Xieka cattle were investigated in this study using genomic information. Our analyses revealed that this indigenous cattle breed have remained a relatively high degree of genetic diversity and have not suffered from the recently generated inbreeding. Furthermore, some candidate genomic regions and genes were suggested to be likely associated with the diverse production traits in cattle. In aiming to achieve sustainable development goals in the livestock industry, it is becoming increasingly necessary and important for the effective conservation of genetic resources. There are some indigenous cattle breeds in Sichuan, southwest China, for which, however, the genetic diversity and population structures still remain unknown because of the unavailability of systematic breeding programs and pedigree information. Xieka cattle are an indigenous breed locally distributed in southeastern Sichuan and have a long-term evolutionary adaptation to local environments and climates. In this study, we obtained 796,828 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through sequencing the genomes of 30 Xieka cattle and used them for analyzing the genetic diversity and runs of homozygosity (ROH). The mean nucleotide diversity was 0.28 and 72% of SNPs were found to be in the heterozygous states. A total of 4377 ROH were detected with even distribution among all autosomes, and 74% of them were lower than 1 Mb in length. Meanwhile, only five ROH were found longer than 5 Mb. We further determined 19 significant genomic regions that were obviously enriched by ROH, in which 35 positional candidate genes were found. Some of these genes have been previously reported to be significantly associated with various production traits in cattle, such as meat quality, carcass performances, and diseases. In conclusion, the relatively high degree of genetic diversity of Xieka cattle was revealed using the genomic information, and the proposed candidate genes will help us optimize the breeding programs regarding this indigenous breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron isotopes are important for tracing the magmatic process. The fractionation of iron isotopes in granite is up to 0.55 ‰. In this study, Wangjiagou (XWJ) granite and Tayueping (XTY) granite in the Xinxian pluton of the Western Dabie orogen were evaluated. Both the XTY and XWJ granite belong to monzogranites, with high SiO2 (74.42–76.82 wt.%) contents. The granites are depleted of Nb and Ti but enriched with Pb and K, and they display negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.40–0.52) on REE plots that are normalized by chondrite. The δ56Fe values of the XTY granites vary from 0.19 ± 0.03 ‰ to 0.27 ± 0.04‰, and the δ56Fe values of the XWJ granites are 0.34 ± 0.02 ‰ and 0.36 ± 0.01 ‰, respectively. Both the XTY and the XWJ granites belong to highly fractionated granites due to their SI (solidification index), DI (differentiation index), and content of CaO. Evidence from the iron isotopes shows that neither fluid exsolution, alteration, weathering, nor partial melting can explain the enrichment of the heavy iron isotopes. The results modeled using the Rayleigh equation showed that fractional crystallization can produce Δ56Femelt-crystal with the value of 0.08–0.15 ‰. In conclusion, fractional crystallization was the main factor controlling the fractionation of iron isotopes, and the change of melt composition may also lead to the enrichment of heavy iron isotopes in the residual melt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether digital finance should be included in the quantitative framework of monetary policy in emerging market countries has been widely discussed by scholars. However, the current research just focused on a single format of digital finance, lacking comprehensive analysis at the overall level and the refinement of general rules. Therefore, this paper constructed a spatial econometric model to empirically analyze the impact of digital finance on the effectiveness of monetary policy and its heterogeneity, taking China as the representative of emerging market countries. The empirical test showed that (1) Although the total index of digital finance had a negative impact on economic growth, the interaction between digital finance and monetary policy was significantly positive. This indicated that the "moderating effect" of monetary policy was beneficial to digital finance in promoting economic growth, which was confirmed from the subindexes level as well. (2) The development of digital finance had obvious characteristics of the "polarization effect" and the "spatial spillover effect". Meanwhile, there was a significant regional difference in the "moderating effect" of monetary policy. (3) In terms of control variables, consumption level, fixed capital formation level, and fiscal policy all had a significant positive impact on economic growth, with a positive "spatial spillover effect". Whereas, the impacts of COVID-19 and export level on economic growth were both negative. Hence, coping with the challenges of COVID-19 and revitalizing exports were important breakthroughs for emerging market countries to recover the domestic economy. Finally, based on the empirical conclusions, this paper proposed three suggestions. First, monetary policy should be strengthened to intervene in the development of digital finance. Second, digital financial development should be integrated into the quantitative framework of monetary policy. Third, it is essential to build a "double pillar" policy framework to compensate for the shortage of monetary policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]