Search

Introduction: Insulin degludec (degludec), an ultra-long-acting basal insulin analogue, provides equivalent glycemic control to other basal insulin analogues, with lower risk of hypoglycemia and flexible dosing. Chinese TREsiba AudiT (CN-TREAT) investigated outcomes with degludec in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in routine clinical practice in China. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review study in adults with T2D initiating or switching to degludec at 50 sites in China between January 2020 and July 2021. The primary endpoint was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to end of study (EOS; week 20). Secondary endpoints included change from baseline to EOS in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG), daily insulin dose, and rate of hypoglycemia. Results: Data from 936 participants were included (499 insulin-naïve; 437 insulin-experienced). Mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) HbA1c change from baseline to EOS was − 1.48%-points (− 1.57; − 1.38; P < 0.0001) overall: − 1.95%-points (− 2.08; − 1.81; P < 0.0001) in insulin-naïve participants and − 0.95%-points (− 1.08; − 0.82; P < 0.0001) in insulin-experienced participants. Mean (95% CI) changes in FPG and SMPG were − 2.27 mmol/L (− 2.69; − 1.85; P < 0.0001) and − 2.89 mmol/L (− 3.52; − 2.25; P < 0.0001), respectively, with similar reductions in insulin-naïve and insulin-experienced subgroups. Rate of hypoglycemia did not change statistically significantly from baseline to EOS overall, or in insulin-experienced participants, except when adjusted for baseline hypoglycemia. Basal insulin dose did not change statistically significantly in insulin-experienced participants. Conclusion: In routine clinical practice in China, initiation or switching to degludec was associated with improvements in glycemic control in people with T2D, with no increased risk of hypoglycemia. Trial Registration: ClinialTrials.gov, NCT04227431. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of subsidy policies on the development of the recycling and remanufacturing industry in China using system dynamics methodology and by simulating Chinese auto parts industry. Firstly, we introduced four subsidy policies – initial subsidy, recycling subsidy, R&D subsidy and production subsidy – and established system dynamics models to characterize the remanufacturing dynamics system considering government subsidies. Then we analyzed the impact of four subsidy policies and mixed-subsidy policies individually and comparatively based on Chinese auto engine remanufacturing on recycling and remanufacturing activities. The results showed that varied subsidies have different incentive objectives and characteristics. The initial subsidy plays an active role in improving remanufacturing activities and is suitable to be used at the initial stage of industry development. When the remanufacturing industry develops to a certain extent, the production subsidy or R&D subsidy can reasonably control the quantity of remanufacturers and maintain remanufacturing industry scale and stability. The recycling subsidy plays a significant role in overcoming the bottleneck problem of “lack of cores”. The mixed-subsidy policies have the better positive effects on remanufacturing promotion than single subsidy policies, but involve higher costs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Remanufacturing is a critical tool for solving resource depletion and environmental deterioration by reducing raw material and embedded energy consumption. The Chinese government, like many other countries, has been keenly interested in remanufacturing during the past ten years, because of its potential material and energy usage reductions. However, the development of the remanufacturing industry has been unsatisfactory because of little knowledge of its key industry indices. Many potential customers of remanufactured products do not trust the quality of remanufactured products. The major objectives of this paper are to classify the key industrial indices of the remanufacturing industry and to suggest future directions for improvements. To achieve these objectives, this paper used a combined method of grey incidence analysis and grey clustering, which are suitable for distinguishing critical industry indices that can measure the status of development situation of the remanufacturing industry. This approach was successfully applied to a case in Jiangsu Province, China, and consequently developed useful governmental and industrial policy recommendations for remanufacturing enterprises to promote that industry. The research results identified the “total number of employees with a master's degree or above”, the “total number of engineering and technical staff” and the “number of intermediate technicians” as the most appropriate industry indices to reflect the development situation of the remanufacturing industry in China. There are two more important findings. The first is that remanufacturing talents are the most important internal impetus of the remanufacturing industry and should be paid more attention to. The second is that investment in the remanufacturing industry does not have a strong positive correlation with industry characteristics. The “annual revenue of the remanufacturing industry” and huge investment have not played an effective role in promoting this industry so far. The main contribution of this paper is to provide an effective decision-making tool for defining key industry indices that have an important effect on the remanufacturing industry. The tool provides decision-makers a scientific basis for developing and implementing appropriate industry policies and improvement measures to expand the size and scope of the remanufacturing industry in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Han population is six times as likely as Kazak population to present with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China. We hypothesize that differential expression and CpG methylation of miR-375 may be an ethnic-related factor that influences the incidence of T2DM. The expression level of miR-375 was examined using real-time PCR on Kazak and Han T2DM plasma samples. Furthermore, the methylation levels of CpG sites of miR-375 promoter were determined by MassARRAY Spectrometry in these samples. The relative expression levels of plasma miR-375 in Kazak T2DM samples are 1, and the relative expression levels of plasma miR-375 in Han T2DM samples are 3. The mean level of miR-375 methylation, calculated from the methylation levels of the CpG sites, was 8.47% for the Kazak T2DM group and 10.38% for the Han T2DM group. Further, five CpG units showed a statistically significant difference between Kazak and Han T2DM samples, and, among them, four were hypomethylated and only one CpG unit showed hypermethylation in Kazak T2DM samples. These findings indicate that the expression levels of plasma miR-375 and its CpG methylation in the promoter region are ethnically different, which may contribute to the different incidence of diabetes observed in Kazak and Han populations.