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Colorectal malignancies are the third-most common malignancies worldwide, with a rising incidence. Surgery remains the treatment of choice and adequate lymph node dissection is required for accurate staging. The objective of this study is to assess the use of carbon nanoparticles in lymph node tracing and resection in cases of colorectal cancer. For that purpose, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies included in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. In the end, ten studies with a total number of 1418 patients were included in the final statistical analysis. The meta-analysis carried out showed that the use of carbon nanoparticles results in an increased number of lymph nodes harvested (WMD 6.15, 95% CI 4.14 to 8.16, p < 0.001) and a higher rate of cases with more than 12 lymph nodes harvested (OR 9.57, 95% CI 2.87 to 31.96, p = 0.0002). As a consequence, we suggest that carbon nanoparticles are used on a wider scale and that future research focuses on assessing the association between their use and overall patient survival. This study is limited by the fact that all included studies originate from China and by the fact that certain oncologic parameters and long-term outcomes have not been taken into account in the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Distant metastasis to vital organs is the major contributor to breast cancer mortality, and regional lymph node metastasis is an important facilitator of distant metastasis and recurrence in this cancer. The early diagnosis and precise treatment of lymph node metastasis are crucial for staging and prognosis in breast cancer. Herein, we report a visualized precision medicine nanoplatform of metastatic lymph nodes for ultrasonic/photoacoustic (US/PA) dual modal imaging-guided in situ targeted hyperthermia-combined chemotherapy. Results: Carbon nanoparticles (CNs), approved by the China Food and Drug Administration, were loaded with docetaxel and rationally combined with anti-hypoxia-inducible factor 1α antibody-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles to achieve the combination of passive targeting at the lymph nodes and intracellular targeting at HIF 1α factor. The accumulation and retention of nanoparticles in metastatic lymph nodes via lymphatic delivery were enhanced. Docetaxel could be effectively offloaded by CNs that have active carbon nanoparticles, and the PLGA membrane prevented drug leakage. The nanoparticles exhibited excellent photothermal performance with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 28.9%, killing tumor cells in metastatic lymph nodes through hyperthermia. In vitro and in vivo systematic evaluations revealed that hyperpyrexia triggered the rupture of nanoparticles caused by the phase transition of perfluorohexane, resulting in docetaxel release for achieving in situ hyperthermia-combined chemotherapy. Conclusions: The laser-triggered highly efficient in situ chemotherapy nanosystem achieves targeted synergistic chemo-hyperthermia treatment of metastatic lymph nodes, and lymphatic delivery represents a strategy to avoid additional injury caused by drugs entering the blood circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CNSI mediated PTT with aPD-1 inhibits the growth of primary and distal tumors. • Tumor lymphatic metastasis in vivo was blocked through CNSI with NIR irradiation. • PTT and aPD-1 activate immune response inside the SLNs and inhibit lung metastasis. The development of new biomedical applications of approved drugs has several advantages in drug translation. In this study, carbon nanoparticle suspension injection (CNSI), clinically approved for lymph node tracer in China, is explored as a photothermal conversion agents for the treatment of metastatic cancer. Metastasis commonly through lymphatic circulation accounts for the principal cause of death in cancer patients. Up to now, immunotherapy has been already used clinically for metastatic cancer. However, the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment limits the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Herein, we use the photothermal effect of CNSI under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation to eliminate primary tumor and induce the immunogenic cell death (ICD). Further, CNSI under irradiation combined with aPD-1 spur immune response and inhibit the growth of distal tumors. Except for the primary tumor, phototherapy was used to treat metastatic lymph nodes synchronously, which can not only eradicate cancer cells, but also directly activate the immune response inside the lymph nodes. Combining with aPD-1 further enhance the anti-tumor effect to block lymphatic metastases and inhibit lung metastases. This study shows that the carbon nanoparticles have potential clinical application prospects for the treatment of tumor metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the hypothesis that injected carbon nanoparticle (CN) suspension helps identify parathyroid glands (PGs) during thyroid cancer surgery, thereby reducing PG injury., Study Design: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. Setting Sun Yet-san Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China., Subjects and Methods: Thyroid cancer surgeries were performed on 72 consenting patients who were randomized for conventional surgery (control group) or surgery with CN suspension injection (CN group). The primary end point was the prevalence of symptomatic hypocalcemia and serum calcium levels <1.9 mmol/L., Results: From 36 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer in each group, symptomatic hypocalcemia was found in 10 patients without CN injection and 3 patients with CN suspension injection (P = .032). In total, 5.6% of patients in the CN group presented with muscle cramps compared with 22.2% of the control group (P = .041), which showed a significant difference., Conclusion: Our randomized study revealed that CN suspension injection was feasible and appeared to be beneficial for patients undergoing thyroid surgery because the incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia was lower compared with controls. Therefore, this technology and technique should be more widely considered for thyroid cancer therapy. Additional studies with more patients and longer follow-up times will be needed for a thorough evaluation of this methodology.