Search

The industrial development alongside inadequate planning in the energy sector put demand-side pressure on Pakistan's energy demand. Similarly, the excessive dependency on fossil fuels has an ecological footprint. Moreover, the abuse of energy tariff subsidies and deficits had a detrimental effect on department earnings, limiting the sector's emergence and intensifying its crisis. This research examines the electric demand and supply imbalance in the context of the China–Pakistan economic corridor investments using the system dynamics modeling approach, highlights the renewable resources, and discusses the hurdles in the way of green conversion. Moreover, the study forecasts the production capacity, electric demand, and supply up to 2040. The results show that China–Pakistan economic corridor investments will uplift the production capacity up to 12.9%, whereas the average production will reach 15.8%, variables that were 5% and 4.8% before China–Pakistan economic corridor. As a result, the energy sector will be able to meet the energy demand after 2021. However, the current investment in the renewable industry will not help in achieving policy targets. The study provides targeted implications to overcome potential barriers to the green path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess the green efficiency of marine economy in 11 coastal regions over 2002–2016. An improved cross efficiency model incorporating undesirable outputs is proposed, which can simultaneously consider self-appraisal and peer-appraisal. The model extends the traditional cross efficiency method by introducing undesirable outputs in a governance framework. The results show that there is still a gap to cover before becoming a high-quality development. While the efficiency exhibits a fluctuating upward trend in most regions, which highlights that the environmental governance has achieved a certain success. The geographic spatial distribution of 11 coastal regions of China indicates center diffusion mode drive the development of marine economy. The kernel density estimation analysis further demonstrates that the trends of green cross efficiencies of marine economy take on the forms of "unimodal, multimodal, unimodal" over three periods, which indicate the effects of China's environmental policies. The geometric mean of the GCEME for China's coastal regions over 2002–2016.We divide all the regions into three levels: high efficiency, medium efficiency and low efficiency. The darker the color, the higher the efficiency is. On the whole, different efficiency values of regional green cross efficiency of marine economy (GCEME) are laid out. And in each economic zone, the region located in the middle area is generally higher than those on both sides. Image 1 • An improved cross efficiency model incorporating undesirable outputs is proposed. • The effect of environmental constraints and governance factors is considered in the evaluation of marine economy. • The cross efficiencies of all regional marine industries exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. • The kernel density estimation analysis further demonstrates the evolution pattern of marine economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel cooperative game network DEA model for evaluating marine circular economy (MCE) performance. The proposed model considers the bidirectional link between the economic production (EP) and environmental treatment (ET) subsystems within the MCE system. Then, the cooperative game strategy between subsystems is modeled by maximizing the factor inefficiency both of subsystems into the model's measurement from a centralized control perspective. The evaluation results of China's regional MCE performances over 2006–2015 show that while most coastal areas have a better efficiency score for the EP system, their performance of the ET system is worse and leads to poor MCE performances. In addition, converge analysis indicates that there exists β converge of efficiency difference across coastal regions in the long term. Furthermore, the efficiency decomposition reveals that many inefficient environmental treatment inputs contribute to the worse performance of the ET system. Based on the above findings, several specific policy implications for the existing problems are provided to promote China's MCE. • A novel two-stage game DEA is proposed for evaluating MCE performance. • Regional disparity and stage characteristic of MCE in China are explored. • Convergence analysis of efficiency change are provided. • Factor efficiency is given as the determinant of system performance. • Policy suggestions are proposed for promoting marine circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy and carbon emission performance evaluation is a focus topic in the field of environmental protection and energy utilization. However, the current studies are not high in identifying economic output inefficiency and neglect to control target energy carbon emission intensity (ECI), which may cause evaluation bias. Hence, this paper presents a constrained performance index measure (CPIM) model to solve the issues. The proposed model takes the performance index measure and can identify more numbers of positive economic output inefficiency compared to the directional distance function (DDF) model. Besides, the ECI constraint is presented and imposed into the proposed model to restrict the target ECI of decision making units. The numerical example from China's provincial dataset demonstrates and confirms the validity and merit of the proposed model through the measure and constraint comparison among different models. Then, it is found that most provinces exist certain economic output inefficiency and the center regions have a worst score of energy carbon emission performance index due to the rapid development of their secondary industry by using the proposed model. Several valuable modeling directions and questions related to performance index measure and energy pollution emission constraints are provided for future research. • We propose a constrained performance index measure (CPIM) model. • The CPIM model can identify more economic output inefficiency than the DDF model. • The CPIM model can restrict target energy carbon emission intensity of DMUs. • The numerical example demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross efficiency (CE) model has been accepted as an alternative approach for evaluating carbon emission efficiency in data envelopment analysis (DEA). However, the current studies can't examine the time effect of economic and energy inputs on regional productivity. This paper proposes a novel method combing CE model with Malmquist productivity index (CE-MPI) to discover a dynamic change of carbon emission efficiencies of China's 30 provinces. The results indicate that Eastern Zone is the most advanced in carbon emission efficiency as well as productivity capacity but the efficiency gap between Inter-mediate and Western Zone is less than 5.7 percent point. The technology progress drives the improvement of the CE-MPI. But the efficiency change pulls down the level of productivity for most zones. Based on the efficiency change and the technical change, China's 30 provinces are divided into four classification and given different recommendations for improving carbon emission efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]