1. Recent ancestry of Kyasanur Forest disease virus.
- Author
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Mehla R, Kumar SR, Yadav P, Barde PV, Yergolkar PN, Erickson BR, Carroll SA, Mishra AC, Nichol ST, and Mourya DT
- Subjects
- Animals, Bayes Theorem, Bird Diseases epidemiology, Bird Diseases transmission, Bird Diseases virology, Birds, China epidemiology, Haplorhini, Humans, India epidemiology, Mammals, Molecular Sequence Data, Monkey Diseases epidemiology, Monkey Diseases transmission, Monkey Diseases virology, Phylogeny, Saudi Arabia epidemiology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Viral Nonstructural Proteins genetics, Viral Structural Proteins genetics, Zoonoses epidemiology, Zoonoses transmission, Zoonoses virology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging epidemiology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging transmission, Communicable Diseases, Emerging virology, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Kyasanur Forest Disease epidemiology, Kyasanur Forest Disease transmission, Kyasanur Forest Disease virology
- Abstract
Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) is enzootic to India and maintained in ticks, mammals, and birds. It causes severe febrile illness in humans and was first recognized in 1957 associated with a high number of deaths among monkeys in Kyasanur Forest. Genetic analysis of 48 viruses isolated in India during 1957-2006 showed low diversity (1.2%). Bayesian coalescence analysis of these sequences and those of KFDVs from Saudi Arabia and the People's Republic of China estimated that KFDVs have evolved at a mean rate of approximately 6.4 x 10(-4) substitutions/site/year, which is similar to rates estimated for mosquito-borne flaviviruses. KFDVs were estimated to have shared a common ancestor in approximately 1942, fifteen years before identification of the disease in India. These data are consistent with the view that KFD represented a newly emerged disease when first recognized. Recent common ancestry of KFDVs from India and Saudi Arabia, despite their large geographic separation, indicates long-range movement of virus, possibly by birds.
- Published
- 2009
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