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Background: Infection is the main cause of death for patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, pathogen profiles still have not been reported in detail due to their heterogeneity caused by geographic region. Objective: To evaluate the performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and summarize regional pathogen profiles of infected patients after HSCT. Methods: From February 2021 to August 2022, 64 patients, admitted to the Department of Hematology of The First Hospital of Jilin University for HSCT and diagnosed as suspected infections, were retrospectively enrolled. Results: A total of 38 patients were diagnosed as having infections, including bloodstream (n =17), pulmonary (n =16), central nervous system (CNS) (n =4), and chest (n =1) infections. Human betaherpesvirus 5 (CMV) was the most common pathogen in both bloodstream (n =10) and pulmonary (n =8) infections, while CNS (n =2) and chest (n =1) infections were mainly caused by Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (EBV). For bloodstream infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (n =3), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n =1), and Candida tropicalis (n =1) were also diagnosed as causative pathogens. Furthermore, mNGS combined with conventional tests can identify more causative pathogens with high sensitivity of 82.9% (95% CI 70.4-95.3%), and the total coincidence rate can reach up to 76.7% (95% CI 64.1-89.4%). Conclusions: Our findings emphasized the importance of mNGS in diagnosing, managing, and ruling out infections, and an era of more rapid, independent, and impartial diagnosis of infections after HSCT can be expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widespread crust-derived granitoids in North China provide evidence of Mesozoic lithospheric thinning and destruction of the North China Craton. However, the link between lower crust and lithospheric mantle reactivation remains poorly understood. We present whole-rock geochemistry and zircon O-Hf isotopes for Early Cretaceous peralkaline A-type granites (i.e., Xiwanzi, Xiangshan, and Yansehu) from the Yanshan Mountains of the eastern block of the North China Craton. The Xiwanzi granite has a U-Pb age of 134.3 ± 0.4 Ma, with homogeneous whole-rock Nd isotopes [εNd(t) = -7.7 to -7.5] but highly variable zircon O-Hf isotopes [δ18O = 5.1‰ to 7.2‰ and εHf(t) = -7.7 to +9.6]. Such isotopic variations likely resulted from a hybrid juvenile source consisting of partial melting of newly underplated basaltic rocks derived from both the metasomatized ancient and juvenile sub-continental lithospheric mantle. In contrast, the Xiangshan (117.4 ± 1.0 Ma) and Yansehu (116.3 ± 1.4 Ma) granites have relatively uniform isotopic compositions [whole-rock εNd(t) = -12.2 to -10.8, zircon δ18O = 5.2‰ to 6.4‰, and εHf(t) = -17.1 to -4.7], close to those of the Proterozoic mafic granulite xenoliths from the ancient lower crust. The isotopic variations of the Early Cretaceous A-type granites suggest a continuous change in the melting model from the underplated juvenile lowermost crust to the overlying ancient lower crust at high temperatures in an extensional environment. Our results indicate that A-type granites can be used to probe the nature and reactivation of the lower crust of an Archean craton. Significantly, large-scale continuous thinning of lower continental crust provides key insights into the generation of the widespread Mesozoic crust-derived granitoids in North China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze how authoritative parenting affects behavioral problems among primary, junior high, and secondary high school students. Today, parental educational anxiety and parent–child relationship conflicts are common in China and are resulting in a high incidence of child behavioral problems. High-quality family education is becoming increasingly important in China. This study sought to provide a reference for developing responsive family education services. Methods: A total of 10,441 parents in Hubei Province, including urban and rural areas, were evaluated using the Parents’ Education Anxiety Questionnaire, Parental Authority Parenting Questionnaire, Parent–Child Relationship Scale, and Self-Made Behavior Problem Scale to determine the internal mechanisms of child behavioral problems in the family system. To make the sample more representative, this study collected data from primary and secondary schools representative of the southeast, northwest, and center of Hubei Province; further, the number of parents involved in each school was controlled at approximately 300 to ensure that the final sample had analytical value. Results: Educational anxiety directly affected children’s behavioral problems and indirectly affected them through the conflicts between parent and child. This conflict partially mediated educational anxiety and child behavioral problems, and authoritative parenting played a significant regulatory role in this relationship. Discussion: Higher levels of educational anxiety among parents increased the likelihood of a depressed family environment. This can lead to deteriorating parent–child relationships, which can result in children’s problem behaviors. Parents can address these problems by changing their approach to education and adjusting their emotions accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Most previous studies focused on the effects of fathers' presence on adolescent development, but rarely examined the mechanisms underlying the presence of fathers on adolescent development. Moreover, previous studies ignored the impact of fathers' way of being present on adolescent interpersonal relationships. Based on social identity theory, the present study introduced adolescents' social responsibility as a mediating variable to explore the influence of father's presence style on adolescents' interpersonal. This study examined the mechanism of fathers' way of being present on father's presence, adolescents' social responsibility, and their quality of interpersonal relationships; if fathers adopt a democratic approach to be present, the study examines whether teenagers are more likely to enhance their sense of social responsibility and achieve harmonious interpersonal relationships. Methods: Participants were 1,942 senior high school and college students who responded to the Fatherhood Questionnaire, Social Responsibility Questionnaire, and Interpersonal Relationship Quality Diagnosis Scale. This study used PROCESS macro of SPSS 24.0 and Amos 26.0 to examine the hypotheses. Results: Empirical results demonstrated that (a) fathers' presence is directly and positively related to adolescents' social responsibility, (b) fathers' presence is indirectly and positively related to the quality of adolescents' interpersonal relationships through social responsibility, and (c) parenting styles played a moderating role in the first half of the fathers' presence on social responsibility and the quality of interpersonal relationships. Results demonstrated that more harmonious interpersonal relationships were present among teenagers when fathers adopted a democratic upbringing, and this interaction effect on interpersonal relationships was mediated by teenagers' sense of social responsibility. Discussion: The findings of this study enrich the literature by exploring the significance of emphasizing fathers' democratic presence on teenagers' sense of social responsibility and interpersonal relationships. The practical implications of this study are that society should encourage more fathers to be present and guide them to adopt a democratic parenting style that will benefit adolescents' development and family well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Belt and Road Initiative is a major Initiative proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013. Research on the risk prevention and control of China's financial investment in countries along the Belt and Road has become a very hot topic in the world. This research focuses on the risk evaluation methods and prevention and control countermeasures of China's foreign investment under the Belt and Road Initiative. First, based on the analysis of the existing studies on economic investment evaluation, an intuitionistic fuzzy multi-attribute evaluation method based on entropy method and G1 method is proposed. The essence of the proposed method is to combine the intuitionistic fuzzy set theory with subjective and objective evaluation methods, which improves the disadvantage of the original evaluation method taking too much subjective factors into consideration. This study applies the proposed method to the economic risk evaluation of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), constructs a 17-indicator economic risk system, and uses this method to rank the importance of the 17 indicators. The more important contribution is that this paper not only achieves improvements at the theoretical level and innovation at the practical level, but also condenses the research conclusions into three pieces of countermeasures and suggestions on China's investment in countries along the Belt and Road. This research can provide theoretical support for Chinese government to make financial investment decisions in countries along the Belt and Road, and can also help countries along the Belt and Road to actively integrate into the Belt and Road Initiative, and promote the high-quality social and economic development of the countries along the Belt and Road. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To extract the high-quality DEM in complicated mountain areas, a DEM fusion method for ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs considering Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) echo intensity is proposed. After the analysis for the influence of terrain features and SAR side-looking imaging characteristics on radar echo intensity and DEM accuracy, four TerrasAR-X images with the stripmap mode and the 3 m spatial resolution covering a certain area of Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China, was selected as the experimental area. StereoSAR technology was used to extract the ascending orbit StereoSAR DEM and the descending orbit StereoSAR DEM, respectively, and the corresponding radar echo intensity map was calculated. Then, while comparing the radar echo intensity corresponding to the same point position, DEM fusion was carried out, and the accuracy of DEM before and after the fusion was analyzed with the ground points measured by GNSS-RTK as reference data. Finally, a high-quality DEM with a 3 m spatial resolution in the experimental area was obtained. The DEM accuracy was improved on all slopes, and the mean absolute deviation (MAD) improved to 4.798 m, the standard deviation (SD) improved to 6.087 m and the LE90 improved to 40.48 m. The experimental results indicate that the fusion method of high-resolution ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs considering SAR echo intensity can effectively extract DEM with high accuracy and reliability, which can provide technical support for obtaining high-quality terrain information in similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its 2005 White Paper on Gender Equality, China announced that its legal system offers women workers complete protection of their rights and interests. However, this strong political declaration has to face an uncomfortable 'reality check'. New forms of gender discrimination at the workplace have emerged in more subtle ways, and usually under the disguise of protecting women, as authorities have outlawed traditional types of prejudice based on gender. This article draws on a survey of opinions in 25 cities about women in the workplace, to demonstrate how pervasive attitudes to men and women in China have systemically worked against women at work in the new reform era. The article goes on to examine the effectiveness of existing gender equality laws, and identifies their weaknesses. In China promoting gender equality is a course of promoting long-lasting changes in society. In the final part of the article, the authors make concrete suggestions to legislators, judiciary, and international donors on remedying workplace inequalities in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To determine the relation between daily glycemic fluturation and the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)., Methods: Totally 66 patients with T2DM were enrolled, 33 healthy volunteers were also recruited according to the enrolled patients' gender and age in a ratio of 2: 1. Patients were bisected by the median of endotoxins level into low(< 12.31 μ/l, n = 33) and high(≥12.31 μ/l, n = 33) blood endotoxin groups. Clinical data and blood glucose fluctuations were compared between groups. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the independent factors affecting the intestinal mucosal barrier., Results: Serum endotoxin [12.1 (4.2~22.0) vs 3.2 (1.3~6.0), P < 0.001] and fasting blood glucose levels [9.8 ± 3.6 vs 5.4 ± 0.7, P < 0.001] were significantly higher in patients with T2DM than the control group. The standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) within 1 day [2.9 (2.0~3.3) vs. 2.1 (1.6~2.5), P = 0.012] and the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE) [7.5 (5.4~8.9) vs. 5.9 (4.3~7.4), P = 0.034] were higher in the high endotoxin group than in the low endotoxin group. A multiple linear stepwise regression revealed a positive correlation between SDBG with endotoxin (standard partial regression coefficient = 0.255, P = 0.039)., Conclusions: T2DM patients who incapable of maintaining stable blood glucose level are at a higher risk to associated with intestinal mucosal barrier injury.