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The present study attempts to explore the impacts of COVID-19 on the intra-group electronic product trade of the world's seven largest economies. In line with this purpose, we performed a complex network analysis of the electronic product trade of the group of seven (G-7) countries and China, as well as a panel data study comprising solely the G-7 countries. In this regard, we investigated the trade networks within the G-7 countries, to which China has been added, and determined the prominent countries in the network during the pandemic to be China, the USA and Canada. The findings also revealed that China, one of the pioneering countries in electronic product trade, has the most ties in electronic products exports with the USA, the other countries with which the USA had the most ties were Japan and Germany, apart from Canada. It was discovered that Germany was the most active country in the network, following the USA, in terms of export ties and the number of export countries in its network. The panel data analysis, on the other hand, yielded two different models, namely import and export, based on 22 months of data, from March 2020 to December 2021, considering the World Health Organization's (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The findings showed that independent variables affecting the electronic product trade within G-7 countries bore different effects in both models, that the deaths/cases ratio, the tests/cases ratio and the number of cases had adverse impacts while the population had positive impacts on exports in the first model, and that the tests/population ratio had adverse effects while the number of tests and the population had positive impacts on intra-group electronic product imports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the general purpose of the third party logistic (3PL) and fourth party logistic (4PL) firms and to examine the 3695 studies published in the Web of Science database between 2001 and 2018 in terms of bibliometry. The focus of this study is to examine the scientific outcomes of the third party logistic (3PL) and fourth party logistic (4PL) firms and to demonstrate the course of research and practices with a qualitative analysis. The data were selected by searching on 10 in Web of Science Core Collection database and social network analysis was applied to these data. The aim of this study is to analyze the scientific data visually. According to the results of the analysis; there has been a significant increase in the number of citations after 2008. The most cited journal is the International Journal of Production Economics and business economy has the most number of publications. According to the analysis of cooperated institutions, the first four institutes are in China and one institute is in USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, companies pay more attention to reverse logistics, which is one of the most important parts of the supply chain management, for purposes such as to be able to survive in the increasingly competitive environment in global markets, to minimize costs, to comply with the laws, to provide environmentally-kind production and consumption, and to fulfill their social responsibilities. Therefore, the interest in reverse logistics has also increased in recent years. The aim of this study is to analyze 1850 publications related to reverse logistics, which were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) database between 2000-2019 years by bibliometric analysis method, and to determine how the evolution of the studies in this field has changed over the years. As a result of the analysis it was concluded that the highest number of citations is in the year 2000, the most frequently used keyword is management, the concept of reverse logistics is used more frequently after the year 2007, the Journal of Cleaner Production is the leading journal in this field, the most productive institution is Tehran University, the most productive researcher is Kannan Govindan, the country with the highest cooperation is the USA, and the countries with the highest number of cooperation are the USA and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak, which emerged in China and continues to spread rapidly all over the world, has brought with it increasing numbers of cases and deaths. Governments have suffered serious damage and losses not only in the field of health but also in many other fields. This has directed governments to adopt and implement various strategies in their communities. However, only a few countries succeed partially from the strategies implemented while other countries have failed. In this context, it is necessary to identify the most important strategy that should be implemented by governments. A decision problem based on the decisions of many experts, with some contradictory and multiple criteria, should be taken into account in order to evaluate the multiple strategies implemented by various governments. In this study, this decision process is considered as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem that also takes into account uncertainty. For this purpose, q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) are used to allow decision-makers to their assessments in a wider space and to better deal with ambiguous information. Accordingly, two different Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approaches are recommended under the q-ROFS environment and applied to determine the most appropriate strategy. The results of the proposed approaches determine the A1 — Mandatory quarantine and strict isolation strategy as the best strategy. Comparisons with other q-rung orthopair fuzzy MCDM methods and intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS method are also presented for the validation of the proposed methods. Besides, sensitivity analyses are conducted to check the robustness of the proposed approaches and to observe the effect of the change in the q parameter. • Q-ROFs are used for better handling of vagueness and imprecise information. • Two novel q-ROF TOPSIS methodologies are developed. • Entropy and TOPSIS methods are integrated under q-ROFs. • The proposed methodologies are used to select the most suitable strategy. • The comparison analyses show applicability and validity of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bank loans can convey information about the borrowing firms that have proper corporate governance systems. Using a sample of bank loan announcements in China, we find that the market reaction is positive after the split share structure reform in 2005, which aligns the interests of large shareholders and minority shareholders, government and public investors, and alleviates their tunneling incentives. We also find that this effect is more pronounced for private firms as the reform mainly enhances corporate governance for private firms. The signaling role of bank loans is less pronounced for firms with less severe information asymmetry after the reform, e.g. higher shareholdings of mutual funds and higher proportion of independent directors. Related party transactions decrease when they obtain bank loans after the reform, which reflects the alleviation of tunneling after the reform. • The market reaction to loan announcements is positive after the reform. • This effect is more pronounced for private firms than SOEs. • The information content of loans is lower for firms with good corporate governance. • Related party transactions decrease when they obtain bank loans after the reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]