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Improving the fitness of older adults is a primary concern in countries with rapidly growing aging populations. This study examines older adults' behavioral intention to engage in fitness activities using a bespoke pervasive game called Agoing. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model, this study developed the UTAUT-LK model, 'LK' is an acronym for linear and knowledge. The UTAUT-LK model tested five independent variables in a single-group quasi-experiment. Data were collected from 378 participants using a 20-item questionnaire and subsequently analyzed through a structural equation model. The results indicate that effort expectancy (EE, p =.033), social influence (SI, p =.029), and hedonic motivation (HM, p <.001) significantly affect behavioral intention, with a high effect size (r =.827). In conclusion, well-designed pervasive games can enhance older adults' EE, SI, and HM to engage in fitness activities. This study contributes to understanding the behavioral intention toward physical activity among older adults through the pervasive game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the visual angle threshold value for the recognition of Chinese characters displayed on the optical head-mounted display. As optical head-mounted displays are becoming increasingly popular in various fields, character legibility has become an important topic for research. In this study, a legibility test was conducted by randomly displaying characters on the optical head-mounted display. The characteristics that were tested included the number of strokes, components and usage frequency rankings. The visual angle threshold value of each character was recorded and analysed. The results indicate that Chinese characters with more strokes, more components and lower usage frequency have a larger visual angle threshold value than characters with fewer strokes, fewer components and higher frequency. The number of strokes and usage frequency rankings were inputted into a regression model to predict the visual angle threshold value for character recognition (R2 = 0.72; Adj-R2 = 0.71). The regression analyses revealed that the foregoing inputs increased the visual angle threshold value. These findings provide a practical reference for the display of Chinese characters on optical head-mounted displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, augmented reality (AR) is becoming more and more prevalent and used in many fields, including education. Previous studies have reported the positive effect of AR to advocate the use of AR in the classroom. However, it is unclear whether such a positive effect can be reported for any student. In this study, we recruited students from a Chinese vocational college. Due to the peculiar conditions in China, students in vocational colleges may have weaker learning abilities and worse academic performance than students in research universities. Furthermore, the sex and grade of students were considered. We conducted a three-stage experiment for the PPT-based group and the AR-based group separately. We taught the students the orthographic projection, a lesson from the Engineering Drawing course, which is widely learned by students who majored in architecture. The students' academic performances were rated prior to class, right after class, and 1-week after class, through a direct examination at three stages. We found the inefficiency of AR for students in vocational colleges. The interaction effect between sex and grade of students was also reported. Students undergoing AR-based teaching could not perform better or even worse than students undergoing PPT-based teaching. We recommended that the teachers should consider whether to use AR in the classroom based on the characteristics of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitigating the digital divide is essential for the sustainable development of education. To provide distance access which ensures equality in education for both urban and rural students, online learning has been emphasized in the post COVID-19 period. However, some challenges to total online learning have been described, such as isolation and the lack of in-time interaction due to the separation between teachers and students. The mobile augmented reality (AR) learning approach has the potential to combine real-world and online objects to promote interaction in total online learning. However, researchers have found that teachers and students might feel frustrated while handling too much information to deal with complex tasks in AR learning without appropriate scaffolding, which might reinforce the digital divide. Therefore, there is a need to propose a dual scaffolding-embedded AR learning approach to mitigate the urban-rural digital divide rather than a single form of scaffolding for either teachers or students. A quasi-experiment was conducted by recruiting 173 sixth-grade students from four classes of urban and rural schools in southern China. The longitudinal results showed that the proposed approach effectively improved both urban and rural students' learning achievement, higher-order cognition, and self-efficacy. The comparison of the students' learning outcomes indicated that it was helpful to mitigate the digital divide between rural and urban students through the proposed approach. These findings provide insights for school administrators to provide relational and suitable scaffolding-embedded mobile AR learning to support total online education for mitigating the urban and rural digital divide in the post COVID-19 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liver cancer resection is an effective but complex way to treat liver cancer, and complex anatomy is one of the reasons for the difficulty of surgery. The use of 3D technology can help surgeons cope with this dilemma. This article intends to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the role of 3D technology in liver cancer resection. Methods: (TS = (3D) OR TS = (three-dimensional)) AND (TS = (((hepatic) OR (liver)) AND ((cancer) OR (tumor) OR (neoplasm)))) AND (TS = (excision) OR TS = (resection)) was used as a search strategy for data collection in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. CiteSpace, Carrot2 and Microsoft Office Excel were used for data analysis. Results: Three hundred and eighty-eight relevant articles were obtained. Their annual and journal distribution maps were produced. Countries/regions and institutions collaboration, author collaboration, references co-citations and their clusters and keywords co-occurrences and their clusters were constructed. Carrot2 cluster analysis was performed. Conclusions: There was an overall upward trend in the number of publications. China's contribution was greater, and the USA had greater influence. Southern Med Univ was the most influential institution. However, the cooperation between institutions still needs to be further strengthened. Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques was the most published journal. Couinaud C and Soyer P were the authors with the highest citations and centrality, respectively. "Liver planning software accurately predicts postoperative liver volume and measures early regeneration" was the most influential article. 3D printing, 3D CT and 3D reconstruction may be the mainstream of current research, and augmented reality (AR) may be a future hot spot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to synthesize the extant literature on augmented reality and virtual reality in the apparel industry using bibliometric and network visualization techniques. This paper also highlights the existing gaps in the literature and sets out the future research trajectory. Design/methodology/approach: This study investigated research articles in the domain of augmented and virtual reality in the apparel industry to assess global trends in research production in this area, and top contributors to research by way of authors, journals, countries and institutions. The study carried out an analysis of 239 research articles from the Scopus database during the period 1995 to 2021. The study used open-source bibliometric tools such as Biblioshiny and VOSviewer to analyze the research literature over the search period and also identify emerging research avenues. Findings: The bibliometric analysis reveals that there is significant interest in this research domain. A total of 673 authors contributed to the 239 research articles analyzed and the number of multi-author documents exceeded those by single authors. Research in this domain is led by China with the maximum number of articles in the data set followed by the USA and France. However, the USA has received the highest number of citations. Donghua University from China is the largest contributor to research in this domain with 13 articles in the data set. The keyword co-occurrence analysis indicates that "virtual reality" has the most number of co-occurrences and linkages with other keywords. Other important keywords include "augmented reality," "virtual try-on" and "cloth simulation." The network visualization exercise also revealed significant collaboration between different countries in this research domain. Practical implications: The gaps highlighted in this study will act as a reference point for researchers to conduct future studies in the field of augmented and virtual reality in apparel industry. Practitioners will also gain a comprehensive understanding of this research domain. Originality/value: This study, to the best of the authors' knowledge, is the first attempt to integrate the disjoint literature of augmented and virtual reality in apparel industry through a mapping of the intellectual structure of this research domain. The study also contributes by way of providing a snapshot of future research avenues in the knowledge domain of augmented and virtual reality in the apparel industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chinese gamers use computer and mobile phone games widely. Consequently, concerns regarding the development of internet gaming disorder (IGD) in adolescents have been raised. However, only a few studies have focused on the influence of gaming devices on IGD. Objective: This study aims to compare sociodemographic information, gaming use characteristics, personality traits, and gaming motivations between computer game users (CGUs) and mobile phone game users (MGUs), as well as identifying IGD predictors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 3593 internet game players took part in an online survey, which included sociodemographic information, gaming patterns, gaming motivations, the Chinese version of the Video Game Dependency Scale, and the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory brief version. The population was divided into 2 groups for comparison by mobile phone or computer use, and the IGD population was also compared within the 2 groups. Results: There were significant differences between the 2 gaming device groups in the time (t2994=7.75, P<.001) and money (t2994=5.11, P<001) spent on gaming and in internet game addiction scores (t2994=3.68, P<.001). Individuals using different gaming devices had different game motivations and personality traits and preferred different genres of games. Results showed that IGD predictors were different for the 2 groups, for example, strategy (odds ratio [OR] 4.452,95% CI 1.938-10.227; P<.001) and action shooter (OR 3.725, 95% CI 1.465-9.474; P=.01) games increased the risk for MGUs. Conclusions: Gaming devices should be considered during early identification, such as long daily gaming time, much money spent on gaming, neuroticism, and conscientiousness. In addition, more research should be conducted on new gaming devices and IGD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The augmented reality-assisted navigation system (AR-ANS) has been initially applied to the management of hepatolithiasis. The current study examines the safety and efficacy of the AR-ANS for hepatectomy in the treatment of hepatolithiasis. It is the first study to assess the preoperative and long-term outcomes of hepatectomy guided by the AR-ANS for hepatolithiasis. STUDY DESIGN: From January 2018 to December 2021, 77 patients with hepatolithiasis who underwent hepatectomy at Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University were included. The subjects were divided into the AR group (n = 31) and the non-AR group (n = 46) according to whether the surgery was guided by the AR-ANS. Clinical baseline features, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, immediate postoperative residual stone rate, postoperative stone recurrence rate at 6 months, and postoperative complications were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between preoperative baseline data from the 2 groups (p > 0.05). The AR group had a longer surgical time than the non-AR group (p < 0.001). The intraoperative blood loss in the AR group was lower than in the non-AR group (p < 0.001). Alanine transaminase, aminotransferase, immediate residual stone rate, and stone recurrence rate in the AR group were lower than in the non-AR group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the AR-ANS in hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis has not only achieved satisfactory therapeutic efficacy, but has also shown significant advantages in reducing intraoperative blood loss, immediate stone residual rate, and stone recurrence rate, which has clinical promotion value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the close cultural exchanges between China and Japan, the demand and quality of Japanese talents are gradually increasing. Traditional Japanese teaching modes and measures cannot meet the basic requirements. With the rapid development of network multimedia technology and virtual reality technology, in the process of Japanese teaching, virtual reality technology is used to reform the traditional teaching mode and to improve the quality of Japanese teaching. Based on virtual reality technology, this paper studies the online Japanese teaching mode, analyses the characteristics of Japanese teaching, combines modern information technology to assist teaching, comprehensively improves the quality of Japanese teaching, and improves the traditional Japanese teaching mode. By describing the concept, basic features, and components of the AR system in detail and by introducing the virtual construction method based on the geometric model, this paper improves the traditional Japanese teaching mode and establishes the online Japanese teaching mode. Finally, the online Japanese teaching mode for one semester is applied in colleges and universities to analyze whether this mode can improve students' interest in Japanese learning and the effect of Japanese learning. The results show that 59% of the students using this mode expressed an increased interest in Japanese learning, while only 25.8% of the students not using this mode showed an increased interest in Japanese learning. 72% of students indicated that they could improve their oral Japanese performance after using this model, while 45% of students who did not use this model could improve their oral Japanese performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21st century, the research and development of all kinds of intelligent equipment have become an increasingly important part of people's daily life. Various emerging technologies are developed based on hardware equipment, such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), which fully utilize computer vision technology to accomplish various purposes. Nowadays, it is difficult to carry out opera popular science education in China. Because opera teaching is boring and some traditional opera knowledge is obscure and difficult to understand, it cannot arouse students' interest in learning. Therefore, this article uses VR technology to stimulate students' learning initiative and complete drama science popularization education with rich and colorful teaching means. It first briefly introduces the concept and characteristics of AR technology. After that, it establishes an AR-enabled drama application as an education model based on the statistical entity recognition algorithm and designs the drama popular science education app. Besides, it completes the drama animation design, character modeling design, drama scene design, logo pattern design, and animation design. Finally, from the two points of students' mastery of opera and learning opera knowledge, the actual use effect of this application is analyzed. The results show that this application can help students better learn opera: 42% of students can better master opera singing, 23% of students say they can master other types of opera, 18% of students can better learn and master opera movements and posture, and 10% and 7% of students can master a lot of opera knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to explore the potential effect of short-term visual perceptual training based on virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) platforms in postoperative strabismic patients. We enrolled 236 postoperative strabismic patients, among whom 111 patients received VR-based training, and 125 patients received AR-based training. The stereoacuity of 1.5 m and dynamic stereopsis were improved by VR training; meanwhile, AR training exhibited more improvement in stereoacuity of 0.8 and 1.5 m, dynamic and coarse stereopsis. It was suggested that the visual perceptual training based on VR and AR technology can be potentially applied in postoperative strabismus treatment to promote the recovery of binocular vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores augmented reality (AR) possibilities for the preservation of national cultural art, popularization of Chinese musical instruments among the youth, and meeting the tourist interest in the cultural heritage of China in a fascinating interactive form. Using the generated database containing information on traditional musical instruments of the Guizhou province, the authors have developed an AR application adapted for educational and tourist purposes. Its central aim was to acquaint people with traditional Chinese musical instruments in the context of familiarization with the national culture of China. Testing of the developed application was carried out by hundred students from Guizhou Minzu University (College of Tourism and Steward, the College of Media, the College of Music and Dance, and the College of Data Science and Information Engineering) as part of the National Culture and Art study course. As a result, the created AR app was proved to expand the understanding of the culture and traditions of the Chinese people, intensify the perception of national musical identity, increase interactivity-caused inspiration and involvement (89%), and enhance interest in new knowledge (93%). Based on the obtained research outcomes, a model for the popularization of traditional Chinese musical instruments in the structure of the integrated national tourism product of Guizhou province was developed. The article is believed to be useful for individuals studying the national cultural heritage of China and educators seeking innovative solutions that improve the educational practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using multiple representations is advocated and emphasized in mathematics and science education. However, many students have difficulty connecting multiple representations of linear functions. Augmented Reality (AR) may affect these teaching and learning difficulties by offering dynamically linked representations. Inspired by this, our study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate an AR-based multi-representational learning environment (MRLE) with three representations of linear functions. The data were collected from 82 seventh graders from two high-performing classes in an urban area in China, through a pre-test, a post-questionnaire, and follow-up interviews. The results reveal that students were satisfied with the AR-based MRLE, which assisted in enhancing their understanding of the real-life, symbolic, and graphical representations and connections among them. Regarding students' interactions with multiple representations, apparent differences in learning sequences and preferences existed among students in terms of their representational learning profile. In sum, learning in the AR-based MRLE is a complex interaction process between the mathematics content, forms of representations, digital features, and students' representational learning profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the teaching effects of augmented reality (AR) technology in German instruction. We conducted one prestudy and three formal studies on German learners in China's mainland and Taiwan region. In the formal studies, a total of 120 students participated in the survey, allowing us to compare the differences in interest in learning between AR picture books and traditional picture books. A total of 114 students took part in the survey, which enabled us to compare the contribution of AR picture books to teaching when students' satisfaction and German proficiency were different. To improve satisfaction, 514 students participated in the survey regarding the influence of the interactive narrative design effect and peer learning on satisfaction with using AR picture books. The results suggest that when learning German with AR picture books, satisfaction is the key construct that determines students' learning states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) has presented an opportune solution to these problems, as it provides effective technological support. Based on the current MIoT theory, it is feasible to realize efficient and accurate graded diagnosis and treatment through the linkage between doctors in large hospitals (the 'Cloud Experts') and doctors in small hospitals (the 'Terminal Doctors'), and to contribute to the research and development of related technologies to improve graded diagnosis and treatment in China. Nevertheless, the following issues remain in clinical practice: (1) The Cloud Experts are not available to dedicate themselves to popular science education, or to give professional lectures, at all times and in all settings. (2) The Cloud Experts are not available to provide guidance for the Terminal Doctors on diagnosis and treatment at all times and in all settings. (3) In clinical trials, the main researchers are not available to monitor the research or guide the team at all times and in all settings. (4) Due to the lack of real-time quality control at all times and in all settings, non-standard diagnosis and treatment, with the features of a handicraft workshop, still exist to a considerable degree. The real cause lies in the limitations of the Internet technology itself, which cannot facilitate communication at all times and in all settings between the Cloud Experts and the Terminal Doctors involved in graded diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the MIoT-based digital platforms need to be further improved, especially concerning the communication and interactions between humans and computers, and the integration and linkage between the virtual and real worlds. It is gratifying that the concept of the metaverse has been introduced, which provides a possible solution to all these problems, and serves as a foundation for the proposal and development of the Metaverse in Medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the use of experiments is important for developing students' scientific knowledge and skills, challenges may arise when teachers and students are conducting experiments in class, such as non‐reusable experimental resources, safety issues and difficulties simulating some specific effects. Augmented reality (AR) technology affords an alternative approach to conducting experiments by bringing students a virtual–real mixed learning environment. In this study, taking junior high school physics knowledge on the magnetic field as an example, we designed and developed an AR‐based mobile simulated experiment tool. This study investigates the effect of the AR‐based experiment on students' knowledge improvement and cognitive load compared with 3D and traditional experiments. A sample of 122 ninth‐grade students was randomly chosen and assigned to three groups (AR, 3D and Traditional). The results demonstrate that students in the AR group performed better than those in the 3D and Traditional groups in terms of their knowledge improvement. The AR group students also experienced the lowest cognitive load among the three groups. Moreover, students had positive perceptions about AR and 3D tools. The implications of this study are discussed. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Experiment is an important method for students' magnetic field learning.Traditional magnetic experiment consists of various procedures that may cause some inconvenience during learning.Augmented reality (AR) provides a virtual–real fusion environment to assist teaching and learning.While some studies indicate positive impact of AR on learner's cognitive load, some do not. What this paper adds: An AR‐based mobile simulated experiment tool was proposed based on the junior high school physics knowledge, the magnetic field.A Comparison was made among AR, 3D and traditional experiment for magnetic field learning.Higher knowledge improvement and lower cognitive load were observed in the AR group.3D and Traditional groups showed similar knowledge improvement and cognitive load. Implications for practice and/or policy: The AR design with hand‐held devices has unlimited scalability of educational applications.Serving the real object as marker and using the professional algorithm to simulate some specific phenomenon were recommended in future AR studies.The findings indicated that AR experimental tool had a statistically significant effect on students' knowledge improvement and cognitive load.The similar result between 3D and Traditional groups implies that not everything virtualized is good; we must consider the actual teaching and learning situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the development of information technology and change in people's reading habits, the publishing industry is integrating with the modern information technology and transforming to the digitization. The virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies have been developed rapidly since 2016, which have begun to be applied in some areas and made remarkable achievements in just a few years. Multiple publishing units in China respond to the call of the times, and conduct the innovative development by combining with their own resource advantages. In this paper, the application status of VR/AR technology in book publishing, newspaper media, periodicals and magazines is summarized, and some representative cases are illustrated the application of VR/AR technologies in the publishing industry does give readers an extraordinary reading experience, and promotes the interaction among readers, authors and publishing units, which finds a new innovation point for the innovation of the whole publishing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to write is one of the key literacies required by students in relation to 21st century skills and is an emphasis of early education. Although the ability to write is a vital foundation for further education, due to the lack of authentic experience and limited instructional methods, cultivating writing ability in the early stage of education is still a significant challenge for students in elementary schools. Therefore, the majority of students are not able to actively engage in the process of learning to write. To address these problems, this study proposes a motivational AR-based (MAR) learning approach to support students in learning to write, which not only provides an authentic learning environment, but also aims to motivate students' active writing. Its effects were verified through a quasi-experiment. A total of 47 elementary school students from China were invited to participate, and were assigned to either an experimental group (EG) which was exposed to the MAR approach or the control group (CG) which was exposed to the motivational learning approach in a conventional environment (MC). The results showed that the proposed MAR learning approach improved the students' writing performance in terms of feature descriptiveness and thinking innovation. It can be found that, compared with the CG, the achievement gaps between the low- and high-engagement students were much larger in the EG. In addition, the sequential pattern analysis results showed that students who learned with the MAR learning approach concentrated more on the process of observation than those who learned with the MC learning approach, and they tended to exhibit less distracted behaviours. To sum up, the proposed MAR learning approach was effective in terms of facilitating elementary school students' writing education. The main contribution of our study is that it provides evidence for the effectiveness of the proposed MAR learning approach and opens up opportunities for future studies which aim to further explore its impacts in different designs of writing learning activities. • A motivational AR-based learning approach for Chinese writing education is proposed. • The approach is proposed based on motivational (ARCS) model. • An experiment was conducted in an elementary school writing course. • The approach improved students' writing creativity and performance. • The approach improved students' learning behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identified a positive role of augmented reality (AR) hypnosis in the field of psychotherapy. The study utilised a 2 (gender: male vs. female) × 2 (hypnosis mode: AR hypnosis vs. ordinary hypnosis) between-groups experimental design. The psychological perception utility was significantly higher in females than in males, and the psychological perception utility of AR hypnosis was significantly higher than that of ordinary hypnosis. Differences existed between AR hypnosis and ordinary hypnosis for both males and females. The results show that AR hypnosis is effective in the psychotherapy of psychological stress and anxiety. This study serves as an important reference regarding psychotherapy based on AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Twins (DTs) have been developed for several pilot-scale membrane capacitive deionization (mCDI) units that are located in remote communities in China and Australia for desalination of brackish water and treated domestic wastewater. These pilot-scale mCDI units have a production capacity ranging from 5 to 50 m3/day and a water recovery rate of up to 85%. The mCDI DTs use Head-mounted Displays (HMDs) to facilitate the visualisation of transient real-time data and historical data from various sensors in the physical plants. The DTs contain device tag and sensor data display functions which greatly enhance the model functionality and user experience. By combining the DTs with Mixed Reality (MR) technology that blends elements of both Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), it was possible to use the DTs for remote control and remote operator training in an immersive environment. Our results suggest that more facile remote control and improved training outcomes could be achieved by use of DTs by the water industry compared to those achieved by conventional control and training methods. [Display omitted] • Digital Twins (DTs) of membrane capacitive deionization (mCDI) units developed. • The DTs blend elements of both Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). • Different communication approaches required depending on local infrastructure. • More facile remote control and improved training outcomes achieved by use of DTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality tools and applications have been shown to have powerfully impelled the development of the field of education. In this article, the authors designed and developed an augmented reality technology-based courseware "Starry Sky Exploration—Eight Planets in the Solar System" and explored how AR can bring an immersive learning experience to students and improve students' learning effectiveness. This article presents and evaluates AR courseware applicable for the geography curriculum in secondary schools in China. In this study, 36 students from Shanghai secondary vocational school were invited to participate in the experiment, the authors use reliability analysis, regression analysis and brainwave analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the AR course. The authors found that students have higher learning satisfaction and behavioral willingness in AR-based experiential learning activities. It can be seen that AR helps to stimulate students' interest in learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]