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Background: Patients with migraine often experience not only headache pain but also cognitive dysfunction, particularly in attention, which is frequently overlooked in both diagnosis and treatment. The influence of these attentional deficits on the pain-related clinical characteristics of migraine remains poorly understood, and clarifying this relationship could improve care strategies. Methods: This study included 52 patients with migraine and 34 healthy controls. We employed the Attentional Network Test for Interactions and Vigilance–Executive and Arousal Components paradigm, combined with electroencephalography, to assess attentional deficits in patients with migraine, with an emphasis on phasic alerting, orienting, executive control, executive vigilance, and arousal vigilance. An extreme gradient boosting binary classifier was trained on features showing group differences to distinguish patients with migraine from healthy controls. Moreover, an extreme gradient boosting regression model was developed to predict clinical characteristics of patients with migraine using their attentional deficit features. Results: For general performance, patients with migraine presented a larger inverse efficiency score, a higher prestimulus beta-band power spectral density and a lower gamma-band event-related synchronization at Cz electrode, and stronger high alpha-band activity at the primary visual cortex, compared to healthy controls. Although no behavior differences in three basic attentional networks were found, patients showed magnified N1 amplitude and prolonged latency of P2 for phasic alerting-trials as well as an increased orienting evoked-P1 amplitude. For vigilance function, improvements in the hit rate of executive vigilance-trials were exhibited in controls but not in patients. Besides, patients with migraine exhibited longer reaction time as well as larger variability in arousal vigilance-trials than controls. The binary classifier developed by such attentional deficit features achieved an F1 score of 0.762 and an accuracy of 0.779 in distinguishing patients with migraine from healthy controls. Crucially, the predicted value available from the regression model involving attentional deficit features significantly correlated with the real value for the frequency of headache. Conclusions: Patients with migraine demonstrated significant attentional deficits, which can be used to differentiate migraine patients from healthy populations and to predict clinical characteristics. These findings highlight the need to address cognitive dysfunction, particularly attentional deficits, in the clinical management of migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective sampling method was used to select the participants from 10 hospitals in Guizhou Province that carried out ECMO. Data were collected through questionnaire survey. Two researchers checked and recorded Epidata 3.1. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data, and frequency, mean and component ratio were used for descriptive statistical analysis. The importance rating was used to reflect the degree of nurses' agreement with the indicators. Results: The results of this study showed that 79.1% of the 253 ICU nurses in Guizhou Province, China, had not participated in training and courses related to indicators of quality of care evaluation for ECMO patients. The main way for ICU nurses to acquire knowledge related to indicators of quality of care sensitivity for ECMO patients was departmental training, which accounted for 87.4%. And the other ways, in descending order, were public, the matic lectures or academic conferences, journals and magazines; their evaluation scores of the importance of most of the quality of care sensitivity indicators for ECMO patients was moderate, with the scores ranging from 73 to 150. Among them, the range of importance evaluation scores for each indicator was 4.01 ~ 4.48. Conclusion: The overall cognitive evaluation of ICU nurses in Guizhou Province, China, on most sensitivity indicators of quality of care for ECMO patients was moderate, and there is a general lack of systematic courses and training on the knowledge related to ECMO care quality sensitive indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baijiu is the national liquor of China, which has lasted in China for more than 2000 years. Abundant raw materials, multi-strain co-fermentation, and complex processes make the secrets of baijiu flavor and taste still not fully explored. Acid substances not only have a great influence on the flavor and taste of baijiu, but also have certain functions. Therefore, this paper provides a systematic review for the reported acid substances, especially for their contribution to the flavor and functional quality of baijiu. Based on previous studies, this paper puts forward a conjecture, a suggestion, and a point of view, namely: the conjecture of "whether acid substances can be used as 'key factor' for baijiu quality "; the suggestion of "the focus of research on acid substances in baijiu should be transferred to evaluating their contribution to the taste of baijiu"; and the view of "acid substances are 'regulators' in the fermentation process of baijiu". It is worth thinking about whether acid substances can be used as the key factors of baijiu to be studied and confirmed by practice in the future. It is hoped that the systematic review of acid substances in baijiu in this paper can contribute to further in-depth and systematic research on baijiu by researchers in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background – Headache may be due to either a primary or secondary disorder, and neuroimaging assessments can play an important role when differentiating between these types of headache. Although many studies have reported no significant differences between primary headache patients and the general population in terms of abnormal neuroimaging findings, others have shown that neuroimaging may be employed to rule out secondary causes of headache that could impact morbidity and mortality. This issue remains under debate. Thus, the present study compared the neuroimaging findings of headache patients and healthy controls. Methods – This study recruited 1070 healthy controls and 1070 primary headache patients from the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. The primary headache patients were diagnosed by computerized clinical decision support systems, and re‐diagnosed by a specialist. All participants were assessed with either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The neuroimaging findings were classified as significant abnormalities, non‐significant abnormalities, or normal. Results – All the significant abnormalities were found using MRI scans. Significant abnormalities were identified in 4 primary headache patients (0.58%) and 5 healthy controls (0.73%); the rate of significant abnormalities was not significant different between both groups (P >.05). Conclusions – The present study found that neuroimaging was unnecessary for the primary headache patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cluster headache (CH), a rare primary headache disorder, is currently thought to be a genetic susceptibility which play a role in CH susceptibility. A large numbers of genetic association studies have confirmed that the HCRTR2 (Hypocretin Receptor 2) SNP rs2653349, and the ADH4 (Alcohol Dehydrogenase 4) SNP rs1126671 and rs1800759 polymorphisms are linked to CH. In addition, the CLOCK (Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput) gene is becoming a research hotspot for CH due to encoding a transcription factor that serves as a basic driving force for circadian rhythm in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between CH and the HCRTR2, ADH4 and CLOCK genes in a Chinese CH case-control sample. Methods: We genotyped polymorphisms of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HCRTR2, ADH4 and CLOCK genes to perform an association study on a Chinese Han CH case-control sample (112 patients and 192 controls),using Sequenom MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry iPLEX platform. The frequencies and distributions of genotypes and haplotypes were statistically compared between the case and control groups to identify associations with CH. The effects of SNPs on CH were further investigated by multiple logistic regression. Results: The frequency of the HCRTR2 SNP rs3800539 GA genotype was significantly higher in cases than in controls (48.2% vs.37.0%). The GA genotypes was associated with a higher CH risk (OR = 1.483, 95% CI: 0.564-3.387, p = 0.038), however, after Bonferroni correction, the association lost statistical significance. Haplotype analysis of the HCRTR2 SNPs showed that among eight haplotypes, only H1-GTGGGG was linked to a reduced CH risk (44.7% vs. 53.1%, OR = 0.689, 95% CI =0.491~0.966, p = 0.030). No significant association of ADH4, CLOCK SNPs with CH was statistically detected in the present study. Conclusions: Association between HCRTR2, ADH4,CLOCK gene polymorphisms and CH was not significant in the present study, however, haplotype analysis indicated H1-GTGGGG was linked to a reduced CH risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper presents findings of an acoustic investigation of monophthong vowels produced by learners of English from Yunnan, China. Speech data for the present study were collected from 15 participants comprising five Han Chinese English majors, five Han Chinese non-English majors and five Yi minority ethnic English majors. The findings show that the three groups share more differences than similarities in terms of vowel duration but not in terms of vowel quality though the results of Euclidean distance show that the Han Chinese English majors and the Han Chinese non-English majors are different from the Yi minority ethnic English majors. Results of standard deviation reveal that the Yi minority ethnic English majors have the lowest inter-speaker variability, followed by the Han Chinese English majors and the Han Chinese non-English majors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]