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When and why did tomas (land occupations) begin? Despite the widespread belief that La Victoria, in 1957, was the first toma in Chile, and even in South America, many scholars affirm that this phenomenon began in the mid-forties. This article, through an analysis of the press and documentary sources, studies the land occupations that were carried out in Santiago, Chile between 1945 and 1957. Our hypothesis is that the toma was invented in the mid-fifties, when land occupations, which were previously realized silently, started to be dis-played in the public space. In this manner they became political statements. This shift in the mobilizations of the pobladores (marginal squatters) can be explained by the political context, as well as by the change in the State's role in relation to housing problems and urban growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the work done by Catholic institutions in the development of the first housing programs offered to the Chilean working class in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The article identifies the main motivations of those who formed these institutions and analyzes their functioning and the design options adopted and the related urban and social problems generated in Santiago. The work done by Chilean Social Catholicism in the years following 'Rerum Novarum' (1891) triggered state involvement, expressed in the Law of Housing for Workers of 1906.