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The housing encampments in Chile represent urban marginalization in the country. Due to the limited housing options the State provides, these settlements have historically developed forms of organization and struggle in search of their right to the city. Essentially, these actions focus on self-management to obtain a place to live. However, despite sharing similar needs, these groups show diverse forms of struggle. In the current context, with a growing demand for housing in the country, various strategies these groups adopt to integrate into the city can be observed. This article focuses on analyzing the occupation and spatial governance strategies implemented in two encampments located in the city of Temuco, Chile: Los Pinos and Los Ripieros, through a qualitative approach based on the application of a social mapping to the leaders of both settlements and the exploration of narratives related to past and future spatial governance. Differences were identified between these two encampments. Although they share a contiguous physical location and emerged at the same time, the results reveal that, despite initial similarities in urban development, there are differences in the motivations guiding their future actions. While Los Ripieros actively seeks to influence obtaining a permanent housing solution in other sectors of the city, Los Pinos chooses to get involved within the framework of existing urban regulations to secure a housing solution in the same place. These findings enrich the discussion on urban marginality by showing that the struggles for space of excluded groups are centered on the balance between rootedness and obtaining housing. The latter is vital for the state to consider when designing urban policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on a corpus composed of normative texts from Chile referring, on the one hand, to international migrations (1975 and 2021) and, on the other, to sexgender diversity (2012 and 2018), this article aims to analyze the way in which prefigurations of the migrant subject and of the subject of gender-sexual dissidence and diversities are constructed, in addition to its implications for lgtbi+ migrants. The approach is made from the critical analysis of feminist discourse. The analysis allows us to observe prefigurations that adopt a position of unidimensional identity reification, conceiving this subject, on the one hand, exclusively as a hetero-cis normed economic migrant, and on the other, as a vulnerable gender-sexual minority, thus implying an erasure of lgtbi+ migrants and the specific inequalities that affect them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents evidence on the labor market and pension system in Chile. It is mentioned that in 1980, Chile became the first country to have a private pension system. However, rigid assumptions are used to estimate the behavior of the labor market, which has affected the capitalization of individual accounts and the replacement rate for workers upon retirement. Additionally, a cycle of 8 to 10 years is estimated in the behavior of the labor market. The objective is to reflect the Chilean labor reality and modify the variables of the pension system. [Extracted from the article]

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The article presents the principles and foundations of a technical standard for restorative juvenile criminal mediation in Chile. The importance of restorative justice and criminal mediation within the framework of the new National Juvenile Social Reintegration Service is highlighted. The principles of inclusion, accessibility, and comprehensiveness are mentioned, as well as the importance of respecting the rights and needs of the victims. The need for mediator specialization and the importance of supervision in the mediation process are also emphasized. The article provides references and links to documents related to restorative justice and criminal mediation in Europe and the United Nations. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Muuch' Xiimbal. Caminemos Juntos is the property of Universidad La Salle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article is to critically analyze the National Agreement for Development and Peace in La Araucanía public policy presented in 2018 by the government of Sebastián Piñera as a way to solve the historical conflict between different state and private actors and Mapuche communities. To this end, an interpretative approach of discourse analysis was used with respect to public policy in relation to the human rights approach, specifically in indigenous rights, seeking to identify whether the "Agreement" remedies the most important historical demands emanating from Mapuche organizations and which are subject to protection in different international organizations, given the rights violated by the State of Chile according to various reports cited. As the main finding, a markedly economic orientation has been identified in the proposed resolution of the conflict that benefits other non-Mapuche actors over land restitution or recognition for greater political self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recognizing their multiplicity and extents as well as rejecting their ill-posed reputation as residual or peripheral practices, this article assumes the task of describing, cataloging, and quantifying some of the main contemporary strategies of habitat self-management in Chile, highlighting their contribution to promote improvements in living conditions for several population groups. For this purpose, a quantitative and descriptive methodology is applied, based on the analysis of Casen 2017 survey data that seeks to estimate the incidence of different practices linked to habitat self-management among households in the first quintile of income and analyze their intersections. From the analysis carried out, it is concluded that these practices are extremely varied and have a high numerical significance. As can be seen, more than 930 thousand households (83% of households in the first income quintile) possess concrete experience or capacities for habitat self-management in at least one of the dimensions identified. Likewise, it is observed that the mobilization of support networks, the community or self-managed provision of basic services, together with the improvement and selfconstruction of housing constitute the most frequent modalities.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Enfoques: Ciencia Política y Administración Pública is the property of Universidad Central de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Pesquisa is the property of Fundacao Carlos Chagas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article synthesizes in the so-called "12 stones in the shoe", the maingender gaps in Education and Labor throughout the entire life cycle, from childhood to oldage, indicating the public policies necessary to achieve equality between men and women. At the same time, the articlere views the opportunity that the current constitutional process in Chile represents in this matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Presidentialism has been widely studied in Latin America. Nonetheless, its impact on the policy making remains largely unexplored. This article analyzes the role and influence played by ministries and informal rules in the case of Chilean childhood policy reform (2014-2018), elaborated in a presidential system with a fairly institutionalized center of government. The methodological approach is mainly based on a set of in-depth interviews. The results show that in a first moment informal rules overlap formal ones whereas in a second moment there is a decoupling between formal institutions and informal rules, with Ministries playing a larger role. The conclusion is reached that the relation between formal and informal institutions is not static, but it responds to dynamic balances of power. Therefore, article aims to reflect on the role of informal rules to understand public policy-making in presidential regimes, as well as the need for discussing alternatives to institutionalize the center of government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper seeks to determine the factors which explain differing levels of innovation in Chile at the regional level. Data used in the study was obtained from the Tenth Inquiry into Innovation in Businesses 2016, published in 2018 by the National Institute of Statistics (INE). Binary logistic regressions (Logit) were developed for each region, identifying the specific explanatory factors which determine the greatest likelihood of innovation among local businesses. The study concludes that the heterogeneities detected call for an adjustment in public policies in accordance with regional dynamics, which should be understood as subnational spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Polis (07176554) is the property of Polis - Revista Academica Universidad Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência & Trópico (03042685) is the property of Fundacao Joaquim Nabuco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista de la ALAD is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Traditionally in Chile the relationship between the State and the Mapuche population has been one of constant tensions. One of the main causes has been the ignorance held about these native population and their demands, which leads to create programs that have little impact on their life quality. This article displays information collected from different indigenous and nonindigenous actors, that provides evidence of the lack of participation held by the Mapuche people in the public policies that the Chilean government has addressed to this population. It is evident that despite the existence of national and international legislation that establish the need to implement consultations and work in partnership with indigenous peoples in policies that affect them in some way, currently in Chile the policies are still built under a vertical model that excludes the Mapuche population from the public debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to contribute to the evaluation of development policies for female farmers based on their beneficiaries' attitudes. For this, it was conducted a survey in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, to a representative sample of participants in the "Education and training program for rural women" of the Chilean National Institute for Agricultural Development. The questionnaire applied was divided into the following sections: i) personal characteristics of the farmers and their family unit; ii) technical, productive and commercial features; iii) farm and household income; and iv) vision of themselves and program-related attitudes. The data collected was processed by descriptive and multivariate techniques such as principal components and cluster analysis. The results show a positive assessment of the program on an aggregate level, although there are significant dissimilarities within the sample, allowing three clusters to be identified: "reticent participants" (42.3%), "associative participants" (20.5%) and "empowered participants" (37.2%). The farmers on those clusters present differences not only in their attitudes towards the program but also in their education level, income, farm profitability and balance between productive and domestic roles. It's concluded that individual characteristics and circumstances impact beneficiaries' perception of the programs, which should be considered in their design and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cohabitation is a distinctive feature of low-income groups in Latin America. In the past, it has been linked to colonial legacies including notions of familial honour, poverty, and a kinship system focused on blood ties. By contrast, some scholars consider rising levels of cohabitation in the present day to be an effect of modernisation, through increased gender equality. The present research, based on life histories of young, poor, urban co-habitees in Chile, aims to show that rising cohabitation is linked to targeted social policies and also to declining patriarchy, which is distinct from gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article inquires on the indigenous policy formulation process in Chile in the Government of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (1994-2000), based on multiple streams model (Kingdon, 1995) and social construction and policy design model (Ingram y Schneider, 1997). Such a conclusion is based on data collected through the application and analysis of 22 interviews to key actors involved in those processes as well as the collection and analysis of official documents and media. The article finds the contradictions between the President development agenda and territorial claims from indigenous people, showing the relevance of cultural variables as supportive of public policy formulation. Also describes the interest's collision between different actors to put their interest in public agenda, where the institutional framework created by the Law 19.253 show its weakness to represent the interest of indigenous people in political agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: In this article we sought to characterize the Long Stay Establishments for the Elderly in Chile, besides presenting the services offered in the public and private., Material and Methods: It is a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study, with secondary information source. We analyze all establishments in the country registered with the National Service of the Elderly. As of November 2015, a total of 724 establishments were registered and distributed in 169 neighborhoods throughout the country in which 16,985 adults aged 60 and over were institutionalized., Results: Most of the establishments (65.9% [n=246/724]) are private, 47.5% of them (n=344/724) are located in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Of the residents' health, only 26.5% are considered functional brave, 28.3% are physically handicapped and 8.8% are mentally handicapped. Most establishments offer manual activities, physical exercises, memory classes, cultural classes and recreational or touristic tours. Proportionally of the activities offered were mostly private ones., Conclusions: In Chile, most of the establishments are private, located in the metropolitan region where there is the largest supply deficit of this type of service, with an occupancy rate of 90.7%, with 72.4% women and almost half 47.7% with some physical or psychic dependence., (Copyright © 2023 SEGG. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Previous findings show weakened empowerment of groups facing macroeconomical and political powers, so this study explores movement participants' perceptions of empowerment in the Chilean student movement, years 2011-2012. A qualitative method with 18 individual interviews and three focus groups was used in students of universities and schools (N = 31). Results show empowerment in most dimensions: critical consciousness, organization, actions/behavior and contextual citizens' support. However, the sense of control in the face of the political institution is week. Implications regarding strength, movements' continuity-erosion, theoretical aspects and public policies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently there is a double tendency regarding intellectual property. On the one hand, a turn from law to commercial logic, inasmuch as international intellectual property agreements are signed as "annexes" of international agreements and treaties, and not as autonomous legal agreements. On the other hand, a tendency towards the homo genization of intellectual property laws aimed towards a greater strictness in terms of protection periods and legal penalties. This without taking into account the differences between countries with different productive structures, and not assessing intellectual property in development processes. Based on the observation of the Brazil and Chile cases (international commercial agreements, industrial property laws and policies), we offer a contrast to these tendencies parting from the assumption that different international integration strategies generate significantly different legal frameworks and public policies on industrial property. Based on the comparison, we conclude that having greater international autonomy allows the generation of laws and policies on intellectual property that become an instrument for development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A central theme in gender-sensitive citizenship research is the need to reorganize the current social and political institutions so as to include “reproductive" work -i.e, domestic and care work- in the domain of duties of the citizen. This article examines this topic from the perspective of social representations on men's and womens contribution to society contained in four pieces of the Chilean legal discourse that specifically address issues of family organization and childcare. Methodologically, the paper is based on the discursive analysis of the written records of the debates held in the Congress on these legal initiatives, complemented with semi-structured interviews with MP s and government officials. From this analysis it is possible to conclude that, despite important advancements, womens citizenship is still represented as contributing to society mainly through care and, more recently, through their contribution towards overcoming poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to analyze the effect of public institutional architecture on implementing public policies with a focus on human rights. The Chilean health reform, from 2005 on, is adopted as a case study. It recognizes enforceable guarantees for citizens to access, opportunity, quality and financial protection for a set of health problems, independent of their subscription to the public or private system. The methodology integrated a qualitative analysis of legal norms, management instruments and in-depth interviews, principally with health directors. Results show that, despite the evident achievements of the Chilean reform for equity in health treatment, efforts to give systematic governance, accountability and public space to its institutional architecture are limited, thereby compromising the intention to install a human rights focus. Conclusions are that the hegemonic pattern of the institutional design, organization and management of the social services should be confronted in order to build viability into implementation of this type of policy. The study suggests the importance of adopting differentiated strategies for accountability that consider social asymmetries in the appropriation and enforceability of rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Calidad en la Educación is the property of Consejo Nacional de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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In the following article, the author presents an analysis of the human development in the various townships of the BioBío region. In order to do so, he uses the Human Development Index (HDI) estimated by the UNDP and Mideplan (Chilean Ministry of Planning) during 1994-2003, for all the townships of Chile, according to the methodology of the UNDP and applied in over 167 countries. The study concludes that the health dimension has been the most relevant factor in the local development of the townships with the highest human development of the region. This finding merit further studies, given that the dimension indicated could be a kind of "endogenous" factor for an specific and focalized local development rather than the mere national growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Propiedad Inmaterial is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Centro de Estudios de la Propriedad Intelectual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the nature of cultural institutionalism as a point of tension between political forces in Chile, and outlines the development of public action as contravening actor. The creation of the Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes is highlighted as an example of an institutionalism which illustrates the polarization of groups which support public policy oriented towards global or cultural influences.

The article examines the public policy of various Chilean presidents during the period of The Concentration which lasted from 1990 to 2009, specifically in the areas of health and education. The identity of the president as creator of the state agenda is explored, and educational policies implemented over the past two decades are outlined, including Escuelas Focalizadas rural development program and the Programa de Mejoramiento de la Calidad y Equidad (MECE).