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The importance of science for climate governance has strengthened over time and the topic inspires prolific academic writing on the influence of scientists and scientific knowledge on policy decisions. One of the streams of research in the field is inspired by Cash´s (2003) seminal work highlighting how the role of scientists depends on perceptions of salience, credibility and legitimacy. Other views call for attention to the politics involved in scientific performance while influencing policy and on the local circumstances, considering the many ways in which societies relate to science and expertise. The role of scientists in climate governance is a contested issue, relevant for many research centres aiming to influence policy decisions given the urgency of the climate crisis. To better understand this role, we reviewed mainstream international literature and identified four main approaches, which we label: scientific usable knowledge, politics of science, critical approaches and hybrid approaches. We contrasted the results with the experience of scientists from a Chilean climate research centre, to provide a view from the South on the role of scientists in climate governance. Our results show that Cash´s approach was a common ground for Chilean climate scientists, upon which they build ideas on the importance of building long-term relationships between scientists and policy makers. However, they also acknowledged the need to take into consideration the role of politics in climate-related decisions and the power relations and actor´s interests. • Literature review on the role of scientists in climate governance. • Applicability of mainstream approaches to the experiences of climate scientists in Chile. • Usability of science is a basic common ground. • Asymmetries of power and long term relationships should be considered to take an active role and inform policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Increasing food allergies in Chile, a developing country post-epidemiological transition To the Editor, The clinical spectrum of food allergy (FA) is broad and includes immediate hypersensitivity reactions, typically IgE-mediated reactions, such as food-induced urticaria and food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA), and delayed or non-IgE-mediated reactions such as allergic proctocolitis and food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Most of the epidemiological studies reporting an increase in IgE-mediated FA have been done in developed countries using proxies of FA incidence such as FIA hospitalizations and epinephrine autoinjector sales. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Nomadías is the property of Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Cesarean section rates are increasing worldwide and Robson's classification system allows a practical approach to study this phenomenon. C‐section in Chile has been indicated as unexpectedly high, with important variability within the country and payment systems. The aim was to report our data using Robson's system and the evolution of local C‐section rate in a public hospital during a 9‐year period. Methods: Retrospective analysis (2005–April 2014), in a metropolitan hospital in Santiago. All deliveries were classified into Robson groups. Time changes were analyzed with Pearson's correlation. P value <0.05 was considered significant. A 'relevance index' (RI) for each group was calculated as 100 × C‐S rate × relative contribution. Results: The overall C‐section rate increased from 24 to 27% (P < 0.05) in 53 571 deliveries, with a greater increase in groups 1 (nulliparous, single, term cephalic, spontaneous labor), 3 (multiparous, single, no previous C‐S, term cephalic, spontaneous labor) and 4 (multiparous, single, no previous C‐S, term cephalic, induced or no labor). Despite no increase in Group 5 (women with one or more previous C‐S) this group had the highest RI (20.3), which defined priority for intervention over others. Conclusion: C‐S rate was lower than that reported in other centers from Chile and Latin America. Robson's classification and the RI allowed prioritization. Although increase in groups 1, 3 and 4, group 5 needs attention because of stronger impact on overall C‐S rate. This analysis allowed to define how to lower C‐S rate in our institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicoperspectivas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Escuela de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An abstract of the article "Uterine artery Doppler in a high risk population from Chile," by M. Yamamoto and colleagues is presented.

Ectopic implantation of the embryo in the tube opposite to the ovary containing the corpus luteum constitutes evidence of peritoneal or uterine transmigration of the egg. The frequency of this phenomenon was reinvestigated utilizing histopathologic confirmation of the side of the corpus luteum. A tubal pregnancy contralateral to the ovulating ovary was found in 28% of 67 cases, indicating that either the oocyte, the zygote or the embryo had entered the tube in which implantation took place from a medial site such as the peritoneal or the uterine cavity rather than directly from the ovulating ovary. Assuming that once in the medial site there is equal chance of entering either tube, it follows that in 56% of tubal pregnancies the egg has entered the tube from a midline location. Attempts to recover the oocyte from the tubes in normal women were successful in fewer than 5% of cases contralateral to the corpus luteum. It is concluded that tubal pregnancy is associated with a significant increase in the occurrence of transmigration of the egg.