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Background: Education and health are crucial topics for public policies as both largely determine the future wellbeing of the society. Currently, several studies recognize that physical activity (PA) benefits brain health in children. However, most of these studies have not been carried out in developing countries or lack the transference into the education field. The Cogni-Action Project is divided into two stages, a cross-sectional study and a crossover-randomized trial. The aim of the first part is to establish the associations of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness with brain structure and function, cognitive performance and academic achievement in Chilean schoolchildren (10-13 years-old). The aim of the second part is to determinate the acute effects of three PA protocols on neuroelectric indices during a working memory and a reading task., Methods: PA and sedentarism will be self-reported and objectively-assessed with accelerometers in a representative subsample, whilst physical fitness will be evaluated through the ALPHA fitness test battery. Brain structure and function will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a randomized subsample. Cognitive performance will be assessed through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, and academic achievement by school grades. In the second part 32 adolescents (12-13 year-old) will be cross-over randomized to these condition (i) "Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training" (MICT), (ii) "Cooperative High-Intensity Interval Training" (C-HIIT), and (iii) Sedentary condition. Neuroelectric indices will be measures by electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking, working memory by n-back task and reading comprehension by a reading task., Discussion: The main strength of this project is that, to our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the potential association of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness on brain structure and function, cognitive performance, and academic achievement in a developing country, which presents an important sociocultural gap. For this purpose, this project will use advanced technologies in neuroimaging (MRI), electrophysiology (EEG), and eye-tracking, as well as objective and quality measurements of several physical and cognitive health outcomes., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03894241 Date of register: March 28, 2019. Retrospectively Registered.

Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for 99.7% of cervical cancers, the second most prevalent neoplasia in women worldwide and the fifth leading cause of death by cancer in this population. In Chile, the incidence rate is 14.4 cases per 100,000 women per year and it is considered a significant public health problem. The natural history of cervical cancer begins gradually from low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions to an invasive disease. In this study the frequency of HPV types was determined by HPV genotyping with reverse line blot hybridization in 200 cytobrushes of women with preneoplastic lesions in a high-risk population. HPV DNA was found in 89% of the lesions (83.3% of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 93.6% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions). Multiple HPV infections were found in 14.4% and 15.5% of low- and high-grade lesions, respectively. HPV 16 was the most frequent genotype in single infections, followed by HPV 18. These results show that most of the preneoplastic lesions of the cervix (60%) were associated with HPV 16 and/or HPV 18, supporting the implementation of an HPV vaccination program in this high-risk population., (Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Objective: To determine the prevalence rates of the different HPV types in cervical cancer lesions in Chile to facilitate the development of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines effective for that country., Method: Biopsy samples of 312 cervical cancer lesions were assessed for HPV type by reverse-line blotting assay., Results: HPV DNA was found in 94.2% of the lesions, 67.2% harboring 1 viral type and the remainder harboring more than 1 type. HPV-16 was the most frequent type in single infections (50.5%), followed by HPV-18 (7.8%), HPV-31 (2.4%), and HPV-45 (2.0%). HPV-16 was also present in 98.7% of dual and multiple infections, its most frequent association being with HPV-18., Conclusions: HPV types 16, 18, 31, and 45, alone or combined with other types, were observed in the biopsy samples of up to 80.5% of cervical cancer lesions.

Assay-guided fractionation of the antitubercular MeOH-CH(2)Cl(2) extract obtained from Lippia turbinata led to the isolation of four novel triterpenoids-3beta,25-epoxy-3alpha,21alpha-dihydroxy-22beta-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-oyloxy)olean-12-ene-28-oic acid (1); 3beta,25-epoxy-3alpha,21alpha-dihydroxy-22beta-angeloyloxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid (2); 3beta,25-epoxy-3alpha,21alpha-dihydroxy-22beta-tigloyloxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid (3); and 3beta,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-22beta-(2-methylbutan-1-oyloxy)olean-12-ene-28-oic acid (4)-together with the known triterpenoids lantanilic acid (5), camaric acid (6), lantanolic acid (7), and rehmannic acid (8). The MIC values of 1-8 for growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were determined in the radiorespirometric BACTEC system.

Screening of plants from South America for antitubercular activity and subsequent assay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation and characterization of several pentacyclic triterpenoids. The MIC values of 22 triterpenoids were determined using the radiorespiratory BACTEC assay and range from 8 microM to above 128 microM. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.