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With the increasing social and ecological pressures on urban settlements, re-thinking how we produce them becomes a growing concern. Due to the diversity of actors across sectors and backgrounds involved in such design processes, collaboration is of utmost importance. Co-design can thus play a crucial role in integrating aims and knowledge as an evolving institutional process toward feasible, suitable and legitimate projects. While many studies on co-design focus on one-time activities, little attention is paid to conceptualising how such processes occur, involving several actors in dynamic participatory ways. We propose a Co-Design Framework and suggest that collaboration is achieved at many levels within different design steps in the process. Analysing three Chilean public space co-design processes through the lens of our framework, we highlight the intrinsic diversity of such an approach. This study posits that three co-design arenas interact (strategic, transdisciplinary, and socio-cultural) according to their main aims to enable, inform, and legitimise the projects accordingly. Our framework contributes to conceptualising and analyzing co-design and may also be useful to plan and develop such processes in academia and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value generation occurs during the life cycle of construction projects. However, the ability to influence the projects' characteristics at the design stage increases the probability of maximizing value. Nevertheless, few studies assess value creation during the design. Considering this gap, the aim of this paper is to analyze the value generated at the design stage of Chilean construction projects. The research method responds to a descriptive type of study consisting of three stages: design value attributes definition, assessment and quantitative measurement of value applying a Value Analysis Model recently developed, and value comparison. Twenty-eight value attributes were selected from literature review and grouped into seven satisfaction conditions. The value assessment was performed through a questionnaire applied to 47 Chilean companies within the construction industry. The main findings show that 1) companies, in general, have low-value expectations related to the design process and, in turn, low-value generation, which can be negatives values; 2) projects tend to compensate the lack of indispensable attributes with the inclusion of attractive features, thereby demonstrating an absence of prioritization; and 3) the satisfaction conditions with the highest value generation are business environment, schedule and budget, and with lowest value generated are deliverables, integration and tools and technology. The primary contribution of this study is be useful to designers, managers and researchers, as it provides information on focus attributtes that require appropriate care to improve value within design-build processes; and for any project or company wanting to know its value benchmarking concerning other projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]