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The denominations of origin are industrial property rights that link the quality and reputation of a product to its geographical origin, considering human and natural factors. Given the urgency of overcoming rural poverty in southern Chile, this article aims to analyze the effectiveness of the appellation of origin as a tool for economic and cultural development in the Araucanía Region. Various methods are used in the investigation, such as legalcomparative, legal-doctrinal and legal content analysis; Within the research techniques, the analysis of documents, in-depth personal interviews with experts and questionnaires to rural representatives of the southern part of the country were contemplated. It is concluded that the denominations have great potential to promote rural development and favor the trapped territories of central-southern Chile, both directly, through the trade of products and favoring the productive chain, as well as indirectly, through the promotion of local culture and traditional knowledge; although to date no concrete benefits have been observed in the territories of the earliest established geographical indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal quality of diurnal refuges is important to the performance and survival of nocturnal reptiles. We studied refuge use on both slopes of an east-west-oriented hill by the thigmothermic gecko Hornonota darwini, the southernmost-distributed nocturnal lizard in the world, in the vicinity of Bariloche, Rio Negro, in the Patagonia of Argentina. Because of the harsh climatic conditions in Patagonia, suitable refuges are limited, and retreat-site use is important for these geckos. Honionota darwini used refuges significantly more frequently on the warmer western slope in our study site. Geckos on the western slope used those refuges with higher temperatures regardless of size and thickness of rocks that acted as retreats. We tested whether refuge temperature affected locomotor performance of these lizards. Performance experiments showed that maximum sprint speed was affected by the temperature of the refuges. Refuges at 22.5°C allowed lizards to achieve their fastest sprint performance. Unexpectedly, sprint performance of lizards that used refuges with temperatures >32°C was the lowest among all tested refuge temperatures (18°, 22.5°, 27.5°, and 33°C). Our data illustrate the importance of the thermal quality of refuges for reptiles living in extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]