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This article focuses on population characteristics associated with educational levels and economic status in Chicago, Illinois. Although the new index of educational levels is not the most complete one to be desired, it has been shown to have had distinct advantages over the previous measures of school attendance and illiteracy. The last grade completed in school seems to be more indicative of the educational level of a population group as it gives a more specific picture of the amount of formal schooling. This measure of educational status could not be satisfactorily used as a substitute for economic status in view of the fact that it measures something more than the economic index. The correlation of education with most of the social characteristics remained fairly high after removing the influence of economic status, while this was not true when education was held constant and economic status was related to these same characteristics. Compared to the present index of economic status the index of educational levels seemed to represent a better single or inclusive index of the general complex of social characteristics of the population.