Search

At present, due to rapid urbanization and increasing anthropogenic activities, the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in riverine fishes is becoming an emerging area of food safety concern worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the abundance of MPs in three riverine fish species (Amblypharyngodon mola, Puntius ticto, and Mystustengara) collected from six major rivers of Chhattisgarh, India. The Nile Red staining method was used for the identification and quantification of MPs in fish samples. Out of 140 fish samples examined, 87.9% of the fishes had ingested MPs. The abundance of MPs per gram of fish and per fish was 3.25 ± 2.58 and 14.9 ± 8.12, respectively. Most of the MPs identified were of fragment type and with their size ranging between 20and 300 μm. The demersal fishes had higher levels of MP contamination as compared to surface feeder fishes. Fish samples collected from Mahanadi River in Janjgir-Champa district showed the highest abundance of MPs both in terms of MPs per gram (5.93 ± 3.29) and per fish (22.7 ± 6.59), and this could be attributed to the high level of human activity with municipal waste dumping in the area. The results further suggest the possibility of human ingestion of MPs through the consumption of riverine fishes in this region. This study shows the abundance of MPs in riverine fishes which raises health concerns for the fish consumers and further research is required to assess the overall extent of the impact of MPs on the environment and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present investigation was conducted to isolate and characterize Salmonella Gallinarum from an outbreak of fowl typhoid in layer birds. Materials and Methods: Clinically ill and dead layer birds from an outbreak were investigated. History, clinical signs, and postmortem lesions were suggestive of fowl typhoid. Postmortem samples including heart blood, intestinal contents, pieces of ovary, and liver were collected and processed immediately for bacterial culture, serotyping and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Isolates were further screened for the presence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) (blaTEM) gene by polymerase chain reaction. Results: On the basis of cultural, staining and biochemical characteristics; three bacterial isolates were confirmed as S. Gallinarum. On serotyping, somatic antigen O: 9 and 12 with nonflagellated antigen were detected in all three isolates. Isolates were intermediate sensitive to amoxycillin, amoxyclav, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin and resistant to most of the antibiotics including chloramphenicol, ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefexime, cefepime, azithromycin, nalidixin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and streptomycin. Two isolates were found to harbor ESBL (blaTEM) gene. Conclusion: Beta lactamase producer S. Gallinarum was confirmed as cause of increased mortality in layer birds during present investigation. Existence of multi drug resistant Salmonella poses serious threat to poultry industry in Chhattisgarh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic residues in chicken meat pose health risks to consumers and affect the economics of the poultry industry due to an export ban. The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine the occurrence of antibiotic residues in marketed chicken meat collected under different agro-climatic conditions in Chhattisgarh, India, and assess human health risks by Monte Carlo Simulation. Analyses of 336 chicken meat samples by validated high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that 147 (43.7%) were found positive for antibiotic residues and 60 (17.8%) exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed in the mean levels of antibiotic residue detected among different agro-climatic zones. Antibiotic residues were more frequently detected in chicken meat samples from the Northern hills (50.8%), followed by the Chhattisgarh plain (42.8%), and the Bastar plateau (37.5%). The mean probabilistic estimated daily intake (EDI: μg/kg body weight/day) of antibiotic residues among the consumers due to consumption of chicken meat was between 0.066 and 0.166. Among the different age groups of consumers, the quantities of antibiotic residues consumed per day through chicken meat were higher in "age group 1'. The Hazard quotient (HQ) value of individual antibiotics followed the order of enrofloxacin > ciprofloxacin > tetracycline > sulfamethazine > oxytetracycline. Higher HQ values were noted for age group 1 and enrofloxacin showed the highest HQ among all the antibiotics. The HQ values of individual antibiotics were reported to be negligible in toxicological health risk for adults and children. However, values for children are on the higher side. Hence, current findings highlight the importance of vigilant antibiotic monitoring, as well as farmer education programmes to encourage good poultry farming practices and adherence to withdrawal periods for antibiotics, in order to meet food safety standards and protect human health. • HPLC-PDA for the detection of antibiotic residues in chicken meat. • HAC and PCA used to determine the predominant antibiotic residues. • Deterministic and probabilistic models were used for health risk assessment. • Toxicological health risks to children were calculated on the higher side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]