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The quality of the underwater image is impairing with the atmospheric conditions. In this, one of the most significant issues in recent days is due to the motion blur induced by the imaging device or by the movement of the object in underwater image quality degradation. The various parameters of the blurred image must be identified to fix the effect of blurring in post-imaging. Therefore, spectrum-based parameter estimation method is proposed. Initially, to estimate the point spread function (PSF), the angle and the length is measured from image spectrum using radon transform. Then, for the accurate estimation of PSF, Optimized Polynomial Lagrange Interpolation (OPLI) is proposed. The data were collected and analyzed in various natural and structured water bodies in Chennai without affecting the real environment. It is observed that for the underwater images collected, the proposed OPLI approach outperforms compared to few existing traditional estimation methods like cepstral, hough, and radon. Then this veracious interpolated measure of angle and length (VIMAL) is restored using modified Lucy algorithm and is evaluated which results in high performance than the existing classical state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiac abnormalities occur in 60 to 70 percent of patients after stroke. The most common disturbance include ECG abnormalities, cardiac arrhythmias, and myocardial injury and dysfunction distinguishing cardiac abnormalities directly caused by stroke. More importantly, cardiac disturbances are the most common cause of death in stroke accounting for up to 6 percent of unexpected death during the first month. The severity of the neurological injury is strongly associated with the presence of left ventricular dysfunction. Similarly, diastolic dysfunction is also common after SAH, is associated with the severity of the neurological injury, and maybe the cause of pulmonary edema seen in these patients. To study the incidence and pattern of ECG changes in a patient with cerebrovascular accidents To assess the relation of ECG changes in an acute cerebrovascular accident to the location of the cerebral lesion. Material and Methods: This is an observational study. A total of 50 patients were included in the study. The present study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted at Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital And Research Institute, Chikkarayapuram, Kundrathur Road, Near Mangadu, Chennai - 600 069. All patients admitted to the medical ward with acute cerebrovascular accidents who satisfy the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. All patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents were studied. They were assessed with serum electrolytes, X-ray and blood urea, and sugar 12 lead ECG was taken and monitored on the day of admission. CT scan was taken within 24-48 hrs. Patients were categorized based on the CT finding as cerebral infarction, cerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage . ECG was then interpreted with rate, rhythm, ST segment, QRS complex, T wave amplitude, and morphology, and the QT interval was calculated. QTC interval was calculated based on Bazetts formulae. Results: Stroke was most common in 5th and 6th decade. Cerebral infarction formed the largest group. Males had higher preponderance. Hypertension was the most common risk factor. In total, 74% had electrocardiographic abnormality. ECG changes are more common among cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Most common ECG abnormality was prolonged QTc interval. Overall immediate mortality was 23%. It was high in cerebral hemorrhage. Morality was high in patients with abnormal ECG, mostly with prolonged QTc and with Twave inversion. Conclusion: Patients with cerebrovascular accidents often have abnormal ECG in the absence of known organic heart disease or electrolyte imbalance. These ECG changes are more common in hemorrhagic than ischemic stroke. The mortality in these patients did not relate to the ECG changes seen but was dependent on the type of cerebrovascular accident and the level of consciousness on admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ambient concentration of Carbon monoxide (CO) was monitored at two locations, a signalized traffic intersection and at one kilometer away from the intersection in Chennai. The maximum CO concentration was found to be 38.82 mg/m³ and 1.15 mg/m³ at signalized traffic intersection and one kilometer away from the intersection, respectively. The 1 h average in-vehicle carbon monoxide concentration in cars during Air Conditioner (A/C)-ON recirculation mode, A/C-ON fresh air mode and windows open mode are 2.4 mg/m³, 4 mg/m³ and 5.7 mg/m³, respectively. The dilution rates of CO in these modes were found to be 0.14 mg/m³/min, 0.51 mg/m³/min and 1.71 mg/m³/min, respectively. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for A/C recirculation, A/C fresh air, windows open modes in car and windows open in bus were 2.06, 3.27, 0.79 and 1.82, respectively. For short trips, A/C-on recirculation mode was found to be suitable and continuous use of A/C in longer trips led to accumulation of CO. It is advisable to switch to either A/C on Fresh air mode or windows open mode during longer trips to prevent accumulation of in-vehicle CO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daily commuting increases level of contaminants inhaled by urban community and it is influenced by mode and time of commuting. In this study, the commuters' exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was assessed during three modes of travel in six different road stretches of Chennai. The mean distance of road stretches was 25 km and the exposure to pollutants was assessed during peak hours and off-peak hours. The average travel duration was in the range of 39 to 91 min in motorbike, 83 to 140 min in car and 110 to 161 min in bus. Though there was variation on exposure to concentration in modes of transportation, the maximum exposure concentration of PM2.5 was observed as 709 μg/m³ in bus and the minimum exposure concentration was 29 μg/m³ in closed car. Similarly, the maximum exposure concentration of NO2 was observed to be 312 μg/m³ in bus and the minimum exposure concentration was 21 μg/m³ in car. The concentration of elements in PM2.5 was in the order of Si > Na > Ca > Al ≥ K > S ≥ Cd, with Si and Cd concentration as 60% and < 1% of the PM2.5 concentration [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]