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The given text provides information on the China Southwest Birth Cohort (CSBC) research project, which focuses on the relationship between various factors and a child's risk of birth defects and diseases. The cohort includes the Yi population and people in Chongqing and Chengdu as representative samples. The cohort consists of 20,730 pregnant women enrolled from May 2018 to December 2020, with follow-ups conducted during pregnancy and every 6 months until the child is 3 years old. The CSBC aims to validate and explore maternal and infant-related health issues, assess risk factors, and propose intervention strategies. The text also includes a table comparing the characteristics of families who were lost to follow-up after birth with those who were followed up, providing valuable insights for researchers. [Extracted from the article]

Existing studies have typically investigated only the association between single pollutants and health outcomes. However, in the real world, people are exposed to multiple air pollutants simultaneously. The effect of air pollutants on emergency department (ED) visits has not been previously studied in the Sichuan Basin, which is one of the most polluted areas. We collected nonaccidental, respiratory and cardiovascular daily ED visits and daily concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM c , CO, SO 2 , NO 2 and O 3 in Chengdu, China, from 2014 to 2016. A weighted variable for the combination of multiple air pollutants was constructed to assess the joint adverse health effects. Each air pollutant was assigned a health-related weight, which indicated the pollutant's relative contribution to the joint effect. The effects on specific subpopulations (males and females; 15–65 years old and >65 years old) were also examined. With an increase of 10 μg/m3 of the combined multiple air pollutants, the daily ED visits for nonaccidental, respiratory and cardiovascular causes increased by 0.96% (95% CI: 0.51%–1.39%), 1.19% (95% CI: 0.53%, 1.85%) and 4.36% (95% CI: 1.06%, 7.76%) at lag 1, respectively. Males presented more pronounced effects, except for cardiovascular disease, than females. Elderly individuals were found to be more sensitive than young individuals. For nonaccidental and respiratory diseases, the contributions of particulate matter (PM) were dominant among the air pollutants, whereas cardiovascular disease was mainly affected by gaseous air pollutants. The combination of multiple air pollutants was significantly associated with ED visits in the Sichuan Basin, China. The joint effect of the combination of multiple air pollutants was highest for cardiovascular disease at lag 1. The relative contributions of individual pollutants varied by disease and subpopulation. These findings suggest that under different pollution scenarios, preventive strategies should target those with different diseases and different subpopulations. Image 1 • The joint effects on emergency department visits were significant. • The contributions of pollutants varied by disease and subpopulation. • Particulate matter had dominant effect on nonaccidental and respiratory diseases. • Gaseous pollutants had important effect on cardiovascular disease. The joint effect of multiple air pollutants on ED visits was highest for cardiovascular disease at lag 1, and the contributions of pollutants varied by disease and subpopulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]