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Ramón Illán Bacca is one of the most representative novelists of the second half of the twentieth century of the Colombian Caribbean region for his humor inclusion, the record of popular media culture and the urban Caribbean area. This study analyzes how Bacca's representations of the Chinese, both in his newspaper articles and in his novels Deborah Kruel (2001) and La mujer barbuda (2011), reproduce the orientalist and sinophobic stereotypes of the Chinese as an inadmissible Otherness within the project of the Colombian universal Caribbean. This study shows the limits of the inclusion of difference in this cosmopolitan universalistic ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus are known to produce potent neurotoxins known as ciguatoxins. These toxins vector through the food web and can reach sufficiently high levels to cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). In many regions of the Caribbean, little is known about the occurrence of CFP-causing species or the incidence of CFP, despite its apparent regional increase over the last few decades. Given the intraspecific variability in content and potencies of these toxins among Gambierdiscus species, the precise identification of local species of this genus is crucial. In this study we confirm the presence of the epibenthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus caribaeus in the Colombian continental Caribbean. Cells were collected in seagrass beds of Thalassia testudinum in Bonito Gordo, a site located on the western side of Bahía Concha, Tayrona National Natural Park, near the city of Santa Marta, Colombia. Subsequently, a single strain of Gambierdiscus could be established for further identification. Morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy), and molecular results (partial LSU and ITS rDNA sequencing) were consistent with the original description of G. caribaeus, as well as with the morphological characteristics shown by other authors in organisms obtained near the sampling area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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