33 results on '"Taylor, A M"'
Search Results
2. Learning through an Aboriginal Language: The Impact on Students' English and Aboriginal Language Skills
- Author
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Usborne, Esther, Peck, Josephine, Smith, Donna-Lee, and Taylor, Donald M.
- Abstract
Aboriginal communities across Canada are implementing Aboriginal language programs in their schools. In the present research, we explore the impact of learning through an Aboriginal language on students' English and Aboriginal language skills by contrasting a Mi'kmaq language immersion program with a Mi'kmaq as a second language program. The results revealed that students in the immersion program not only had stronger Mi'kmaq language skills compared to students in the second language program, but students within both programs ultimately had the same level of English. Immersion programs can simultaneously revitalize a threatened language and prepare students for success in mainstream society. (Contains 1 table, 2 figures, and 1 footnote.)
- Published
- 2011
3. CAPTURE ALS: the comprehensive analysis platform to understand, remedy and eliminate ALS.
- Author
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Picher-Martel, Vincent, Magnussen, Claire, Blais, Mathieu, Bubela, Tania, Das, Samir, Dionne, Annie, Evans, Alan C., Genge, Angela, Greiner, Russell, Iturria-Medina, Yasser, Johnston, Wendy, Jones, Kelvin, Kaneb, Hannah, Karamchandani, Jason, Moradipoor, Sara, Robertson, Janice, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Taylor, David M., Vande Velde, Christine, and Yunusova, Yana
- Subjects
VOICE disorders ,AMYOTROPHIC lateral sclerosis ,SCIENTIFIC community ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,THERAPEUTICS ,SPEECH - Abstract
The absence of disease modifying treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is in large part a consequence of its complexity and heterogeneity. Deep clinical and biological phenotyping of people living with ALS would assist in the development of effective treatments and target specific biomarkers to monitor disease progression and inform on treatment efficacy. The objective of this paper is to present the Comprehensive Analysis Platform To Understand Remedy and Eliminate ALS (CAPTURE ALS), an open and translational platform for the scientific community currently in development. CAPTURE ALS is a Canadian-based platform designed to include participants' voices in its development and through execution. Standardized methods will be used to longitudinally characterize ALS patients and healthy controls through deep clinical phenotyping, neuroimaging, neurocognitive and speech assessments, genotyping and multisource biospecimen collection. This effort plugs into complementary Canadian and international initiatives to share common resources. Here, we describe in detail the infrastructure, operating procedures, and long-term vision of CAPTURE ALS to facilitate and accelerate translational ALS research in Canada and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Early Heritage-Language Education and the Abrupt Shift to a Dominant-Language Classroom: Impact on the Personal and Collective Esteem of Inuit Children in Arctic Quebec
- Author
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Bougie, Evelyne, Wright, Stephen C., and Taylor, Donald M.
- Abstract
This research explored the impact of the abrupt shift from heritage-language to dominant-language education on Inuit children's personal and collective self-esteem. Specifically, the following question was addressed: will early heritage-language education serve as an inoculation against the potential negative impact of being submerged in a dominant second-language environment, or will it just delay the negative impact of this submersion? Results show that the shift from heritage-language to dominant second-language instruction in Grade 3 was associated with a significant decrease in personal self-esteem. As for collective self-esteem, results show no effects of the abrupt shift into a dominant-language classroom. However, a clear pro-White bias for all Inuit children at both the fall and the spring of Grade 3 emerged. The results suggest that a more gradual introduction to the dominant language may be needed in order to protect minority-language children's personal sense of self-worth. In addition, the data suggest that early heritage-language education did not prevent the development of negative collective self-views for Inuit children in the community and cannot fully protect children from the negative impact of late submersion in dominant second-language instruction. The implications for bilingual education programmes are discussed. (Contains 1 table, 3 figures, and 4 notes.)
- Published
- 2003
5. Patterns of Perceived Language Ability and Use in Arctic Quebec.
- Author
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Taylor, Donald M., Caron, M., and McAlpine, L.
- Abstract
Focuses on mothers of school children living in small isolated communities in arctic Quebec. Patterns of perceived language ability and use in three languages, Inuttitut, English, and French, for both themselves and their children were examined. The pattern of perceived language ability was similar across the three languages. Results are discussed in terms of the potential survival of the heritage language. (Author/VWL)
- Published
- 2000
6. Kativik School Board Initiated Research: The Basis for Informed Decision Making = Recherches a l'Initiative de la Commission Scolaire Kativik: Pour des Decisions Eclairees = [Inuttitut Version].
- Author
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Kativik School Board, Montreal (Quebec)., Taylor, Donald M., and Wright, Stephen C.
- Abstract
Presented in Inuttitut, French, and English, this report summarizes research initiated by the Kativik School Board, which oversees education in Nunavik (northern Quebec). Four studies examined the current status of Inuttitut in Nunavik, the intellectual ability of Inuit students, and the effects of bilingual education on Inuit students' self-esteem and language proficiency. Community surveys showed that Inuttitut (also called Inuktitut or Inupiaq) was the strongest language for Inuit people. However, English was the dominant language, serving as a lingua franca for anglophones, francophones, and Inuit, and Inuttitut was showing signs of language shift with diminishing fluency in younger speakers. Inuit respondents strongly supported the school's role in protecting and propagating Inuttitut. In a second study, K-2 Inuit students had higher scores than U.S. and Canadian samples on the Raven Progressive Matrices, confirming the intellectual potential of Inuit students. Two other studies compared Inuit students enrolled in Inuttitut, English, or French immersion programs in grades K-2. The Inuttitut conversational skills of all children developed somewhat over the 3 years, but only the children in the Inuttitut immersion program showed strong gains in Inuttitut academic language proficiency. Self-esteem increased during the kindergarten year for children in the Inuttitut program, but not those in second-language programs. Also, children in the Inuttitut program had a more positive view of Inuit children as a group. (Contains 46 references.) (SV)
- Published
- 1998
7. Education in Aboriginal Communities: Dilemmas around Empowerment.
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Taylor, Donald M.
- Abstract
Sudden empowerment of Canadian Aboriginal communities has raised many dilemmas concerning community controlled education, including issues related to educational planning and decision making by inexperienced administrators, focusing educational goals on the community versus mainstream society, discontinuities between community and school culture, language of instruction, creating effective culturally relevant instructional materials, Aboriginal teacher education, and student evaluation. (SV)
- Published
- 1993
8. Secreted Phosphoprotein 24 is a Biomarker of Mineral Metabolism.
- Author
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Turner, Mandy E., White, Christine A., Taylor, Sarah M., Neville, Kathryn, Rees-Milton, Karen, Hopman, Wilma M., Adams, Michael A., Anastassiades, Tassos, and Holden, Rachel M.
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EXTRACELLULAR matrix proteins ,KIDNEY physiology ,EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors ,METABOLISM ,BONE growth ,INULIN ,MINERAL supplements ,GLOMERULAR filtration rate ,CHRONIC kidney failure ,RESEARCH ,KIDNEYS ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PHOSPHOPROTEINS ,RESEARCH funding ,MINERALS - Abstract
The 24 kD form of secreted phosphoprotein (SPP-24), a cytokine-binding bone matrix protein with various truncated C-terminal products, is primarily synthesized by the liver. SPP-24 shares homology with fetuin-A, a potent vascular and soft tissue calcification inhibitor and SPP-24 is one component of calciprotein particles (CPPs), a circulating fetuin-mineral complex. The limited molecular evidence to date suggests that SPP-24 may also function as an inhibitor of bone formation and ectopic vascular calcification, potentially through bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) and Wnt-signaling mediated actions. The C-terminal products of SPP-24 bind to BMP-2 and attenuate BMP-2-induced bone formation. The aim of this study was to assess circulating SPP-24 in relation to kidney function and in concert with markers of mineral metabolism in humans. SPP-24 was measured in the serum of total of 192 subjects using ELISA-based measurements. Subjects were participants of one of two cohorts: (1) mGFR Cohort (n = 80) was participants of a study of measured GFR (mGFR) using inulin urinary clearance, recruited mostly from a chronic kidney disease clinic with low-range kidney function (eGFR 38.7 ± 25.0 mL/min/1.73 m2) and (2) CaMOS Cohort (n = 112) was a subset of randomly selected, community-dwelling participants of year 10 of the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study with eGFR in the normal range of 75.0 ± 15.9 mL/min/1.73 m2. In the combined cohort, the mean SPP-24 was 167.7 ± 101.1 ng/mL (range 33.4-633.6 ng/mL). The mean age was 66.5 ± 11.3, 57.1% female and mean eGFR (CKD-EPI) was 59.9 ± 27.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 (range 8-122 mL/min/1.73 m2). There was a strong inverse correlation between SPP-24 and eGFR (R = - 0.58, p < 0.001) that remained after adjustment for age. Following adjustment for age, eGFR, and sex, SPP-24 was significantly associated with phosphate (R = - 0.199), PTH (R = 0.298), and the Wnt-signaling inhibitor Dickkopf-related protein 1 (R = - 0.156). The results of this study indicate that SPP-24 is significantly altered by kidney function and is the first human data linking levels of SPP-24 to other biomarkers involved in mineral metabolism. Whether there is a role for circulating SPP-24 in bone formation and ectopic mineralization requires further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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9. S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe), cannabidiol (CBD), and kratom in psychiatric disorders: Clinical and mechanistic considerations.
- Author
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Taylor Levine, M., Gao, Jin, Satyanarayanan, Senthil Kumaran, Berman, Sarah, Rogers, Jack T., and Mischoulon, David
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MENTAL illness , *KRATOM , *NATUROPATHY , *AFFECTIVE disorders , *MENTAL depression - Abstract
• SAMe is considered effective and safe as a natural treatment for depression. • Cannabidiol has biochemical evidence suggesting benefit in psychiatric disorders. • Kratom may alleviate psychiatric disorders or facilitate opioid discontinuation. • These medications, particularly kratom, may have some serious adverse effects. • These remedies should be used cautiously, preferably under clinician supervision. Given the limitations of prescription antidepressants, many individuals have turned to natural remedies for the management of their mood disorders. We review three selected natural remedies that may be of potential use as treatments for depressive disorders and other psychiatric or neurological conditions. The best studied and best supported of these three remedies is S-adenosyl- l -methionine (SAMe), a methyl donor with a wide range of physiological functions in the human organism. With the increasing legalization of cannabis-related products, cannabidiol (CBD) has gained popularity for various potential indications and has even obtained approval in the United States and Canada for certain neurological conditions. Kratom, while potentially useful for certain individuals with psychiatric disorders, is perhaps the most controversial of the three remedies, in view of its greater potential for abuse and dependence. For each remedy, we will review indications, doses and delivery systems, potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action, adverse effects, and will provide recommendations for clinicians who may be considering prescribing these remedies in their practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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10. Multiple Group Membership and Self-Identity.
- Author
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Wong-Rieger, Durhane and Taylor, Donald M.
- Abstract
Compared Anglophone and Francophone Quebec adults to investigate how individuals achieve unitary self-identity despite membership in many groups. Found that Francophones placed greater emphasis on their cultural group, had comparatively highly similar values within groups, and were more group-oriented than were Anglophones. (Author/GC)
- Published
- 1981
11. Synthetic data method to incorporate external information into a current study.
- Author
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Gu, Tian, Taylor, Jeremy M. G., Cheng, Wenting, and Mukherjee, Bhramar
- Subjects
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MISSING data (Statistics) , *MAXIMUM likelihood statistics , *MULTIPLE imputation (Statistics) , *CANCER prevention , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
We consider the situation where there is a known regression model that can be used to predict an outcome, Y, from a set of predictor variables X. A new variable B is expected to enhance the prediction of Y. A dataset of size n containing Y,X and B is available, and the challenge is to build an improved model for Y|X,B that uses both the available individual level data and some summary information obtained from the known model for Y|X. We propose a synthetic data approach, which consists of creating m additional synthetic data observations, and then analyzing the combined dataset of size n + m to estimate the parameters of the Y|X,B model. This combined dataset of size n + m now has missing values of B for m of the observations, and is analyzed using methods that can handle missing data (e.g., multiple imputation). We present simulation studies and illustrate the method using data from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Though the synthetic data method is applicable to a general regression context, to provide some justification, we show in two special cases that the asymptotic variances of the parameter estimates in the Y|X,B model are identical to those from an alternative constrained maximum likelihood estimation approach. This correspondence in special cases and the method's broad applicability makes it appealing for use across diverse scenarios. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 580–603; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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12. Ethnic and Role Stereotypes: Their Relative Importance in Person Perception
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Aboud, Frances E. and Taylor, Donald M.
- Published
- 1971
13. Dimensions of Ethnic Identity: An Example From Quebec
- Author
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Taylor, Donald M.
- Abstract
A multidimensional scaling procedure was used to explore the role of cultural background, language and geographic regions in the process of ethnic identity. (JB)
- Published
- 1973
14. Assessment of Sex Differences in Plaque Morphology by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography-Are Men and Women the Same?
- Author
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Grunau, Gilat L., Ahmadi, Amir, Rezazadeh, Saman, Faraji, Reza, Amid, Sima, O'Connell, Tim, Heilbron, Brett, Leipsic, Jonathon, and Taylor, Carolyn M.
- Subjects
CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CORONARY artery stenosis ,CORONARY disease ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,FISHER exact test ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,SEX distribution ,STATISTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DATA analysis ,SEVERITY of illness index ,CORONARY angiography - Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess whether sex differences exist in plaque burden and plaque subtype as assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods: The study cohort included 937 consecutive patients who underwent CCTA between 2008 and 2010. Stenosis was quantified using the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography stenosis grading scale and a total stenosis score (TSS) was generated. Plaque morphology (PM) was reported as predominantly calcified (CP), noncalcified (NCP), or mixed (MP) plaque, and CP, NCP, and MP percentages were calculated. Results: On multivariate analysis, men were significantly more likely to have plaque (65.9% of men vs. 44.6% of women, p<0.001), at least one segment with ≥50% stenosis (22.7% of men vs. 10.3% of women, p<0.001) and higher TSS (mean score=2.81 for men vs. 1.58 for women, p<0.001). Sex was the strongest predictor in all models (odds ratio [OR]=2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.78-3.67, p<0.001 for any plaque; OR=2.48, 95% CI 1.48-4.16, p<0.01 for segments with ≥50% stenosis; β=1.46, 95% CI 0.69-2.22, p<0.001 for TSS). Among patients with coronary plaque present, no significant sex differences in PM were found. Conclusions: Sex was the strongest risk factor for the presence and extent of plaque. Significant sex differences in PM did not exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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15. Outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery for recurrent head and neck cancer.
- Author
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Reynolds, L F, Rigby, M H, Trites, J, Hart, R, and Taylor, S M
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DISEASE relapse ,HEAD tumors ,LARYNGEAL tumors ,MEDICAL lasers ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MICROSURGERY ,NECK tumors ,PHARYNX tumors ,SURVIVAL ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Objective:To report our outcomes with salvage CO2 laser surgery following recurrence of laryngeal and oropharyngeal cancer after radiotherapy.Method:This study entailed a prospective review of patients treated with transoral laser microsurgery for recurrent laryngeal and oropharyngeal cancer between 2002 and 2010 at the Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre in Canada.Results:Sixteen patients were identified, with a mean follow up of 30.6 months. Five patients died of recurrence. Complications were common in patients with oropharyngeal cancer. The overall survival and disease-free survival rates at an average of 29.8 months follow up were 50 per cent and 68.8 per cent respectively.Conclusion:Salvage surgery using transoral laser microsurgery should be considered in the management of patients with recurrent laryngeal and oropharyngeal cancer. This technique offers acceptable salvage rates with less comorbidity than other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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16. The cultural narratives of Francophone and Anglophone Quebecers: Using a historical perspective to explore the relationships among collective relative deprivation, in-group entitativity, and collective esteem.
- Author
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Bougie, Evelyne, Usborne, Esther, de la Sablonnière, Roxane, and Taylor, Donald M.
- Subjects
ANALYSIS of variance ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CULTURE ,GROUP identity ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,INTERVIEWING ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,REMINISCENCE ,RESEARCH funding ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SOCIAL psychology ,SOCIAL skills ,GROUP process ,NARRATIVES - Abstract
Responding to calls to contextualize social psychological variables in history, the present research examines the relationship between collective relative deprivation and collective esteem using a historical perspective. We hypothesized that collective relative deprivation perceived to be experienced during an important low-point in a group's history serves to define the group's current collective identity, which is in turn associated with collective esteem. In Study 1, cultural narrative interviews were conducted with Francophone and Anglophone Quebecers in order to identify key historical chapters for these groups and to examine the extent to which historical low-points were identity-defining features of their narratives. In Study 2, using the information obtained from these narratives, collective relative deprivation was explored across group members' perceived histories and related to current in-group entitativity and collective esteem. The relationship between collective relative deprivation thought to be experienced by one's group during a historical low-point and collective esteem was positive for both Anglophone and Francophone Quebecers and was mediated by in-group entitativity. Collective relative deprivation perceived to be experienced during a historical low-point serves to define one's collective identity, which is in turn associated with greater collective esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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17. The Understanding Severe Thunderstorms and Alberta Boundary Layers Experiment (UNSTABLE) 2008.
- Author
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Taylor, Neil M., Sills, David M. L., Hanesiak, John M., Milbrandt, Jason A., Smith, Craig D., Strong, Geoff S., Skone, Susan H., McCarthy, Patrick J., and Brimelow, Julian C.
- Subjects
- *
THUNDERSTORMS , *FIELD research - Abstract
Severe thunderstorms are a common occurrence in summer on the Canadian prairies, with a large number originating along the Alberta, Canada, foothills, just east of the Rocky Mountains. Most of these storms move eastward to affect the Edmonton-Calgary corridor, one of the most densely populated and fastest-growing regions in Canada. Previous studies in the United States, Europe, and Canada have stressed the importance of mesoscale features in thunderstorm development. However, such processes cannot be adequately resolved using operational observation networks in many parts of Canada. Current conceptual models for severe storm outbreaks in Alberta were developed almost 20 years ago and do not focus explicitly on mesoscale boundaries that are now known to be important for thunderstorm development. The Understanding Severe Thunderstorms and Alber ta Boundary Layers Experiment (UNSTABLE) is a field and modeling study aiming to improve our understanding of the processes associated with the initiation of severe thunderstorms, to refine associated conceptual models, and to assess the ability of convectivescale NWP models to simulate relevant physical processes. As part of UNSTABLE in 2008, Environment Canada and university scientists conducted a pilot field experiment over the Alberta foothills to investigate mesoscale processes associated with the development of severe thunderstorms. Networks of fixed and mobile surface and upper-air instrumentation provided observations of the atmospheric boundary layer at a level of detail never before seen in this region. Preliminary results include the most complete documentation of a dryline in Canada and an analysis of variability in boundary layer evolution across adjacent forest and crop vegetation areas. Convective-scale NWP simulations suggest that although additional information on convective mode may be provided, there is limited benefit overall to downscaling to smaller grid spacing without assimilation of mesoscale observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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18. Canadian Association of University Surgeons Annual Symposium: continuity of care.
- Author
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de Gara, Chris, Nyström, Per-Olof, Hamilton, Stewart, Wirtzfeld, Debrah A., and Taylor, Brian M.
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SURGERY ,SURGEONS - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Surgery is the property of CMA Impact Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
19. Factors Associated with Physical Activity in Canadian Adults with Diabetes.
- Author
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Plotnikoff, Ronald C., Taylor, Lorian M., Wilson, Philip M., Courneya, Kerry S., Sigal, Ronald J., Birkett, Nicholas, Raine, Kim, and Svenson, Lawrence W.
- Subjects
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PHYSICAL fitness , *HEALTH , *DIABETES , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *DEMOGRAPHIC surveys , *HEALTH status indicators , *SPORTS sciences , *LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
The article cites a study that identifies key demographic and health factors associated with physical activity (PA) participation in adults diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes recruited from the Canadian Diabetes Association of Alberta, Canada. The study uses multiple and logistic regression models to identify demographic and health factors related to PA levels, and the analyses were conducted separately for type 1 and type 2 groups. The study shows that a 63.7% of those with type 1 and 71.9% for those with type 2 diabetes were not achieving recommended PA levels.
- Published
- 2006
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20. Screening Mammography Among Chinese Canadian Women.
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Jackson, Sara L., Hislop, T. Greg, Chong Teh, Yasui, Yutaka, Shin-Ping Tu, Kuniyuki, Alan, Jackson, J. Carey, and Taylor, Vicky M.
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BREAST cancer ,WOMEN ,MAMMOGRAMS ,MEDICAL personnel ,FAMILIES ,EDUCATION - Abstract
Background: Though breast cancer is the most common malignancy among Chinese women, screening mammography is underutilized. This study examined barriers and facilitators of screening mammography among Chinese Canadian women. Methods: Using community-based sampling, Chinese women in British Columbia were interviewed in 1999 about multiple preventive health behaviours. We included 21 3 women in the mammography analysis; main outcome measures were ever having a mammogram and routine mammography. Results: Seventy-five percent of women 50 to 79 years old reported ever having had a mammogram, and 53% had two or more mammograms within the last five years. Receiving a recommendation for a mammogram from medical personnel or from a family member, and believing that cancer cannot be prevented by faith were independently associated with both screening outcomes. Conclusions: A multifaceted approach to screening mammography promotion in Chinese Canadian women is suggested. Interventions that include education of and by medical providers and family members should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2003
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21. Contact and the Personal/Group Discrimination Discrepancy in an Inuit Community.
- Author
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Poore, Abigail G., Gagne, Faby, Barlow, Kelly M., Lydon, John E., Taylor, Donald M., and Wright, Stephen C.
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DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,INUIT ,INTERGROUP relations - Abstract
ABSTRACT. The personal/group discrimination discrepancy involves disadvantaged group members rating discrimination directed at their group considerably higher than ratings of discrimination aimed at themselves personally as members of that group. This robust phenomenon has been found in samples of women, African Americans, and aboriginal people. In the present study, the authors used a sample of Inuit from a remote Arctic community to confirm the perceived discrepancy. However, ratings for perceived group discrimination were surprisingly low. The authors argue that geographical isolation may have led Inuit to be unaware of the impact of discrimination on their lives. In support of this argument, findings showed that group discrimination ratings were higher for Inuit who did have contact with mainstream Canadian culture. Implications for the traditional contact hypothesis are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
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22. WHEN THE SURVIVAL OF A LANGUAGE IS AT STAKE.
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Louis, Winnifred and Taylor, Donald M.
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CHILDREN'S language , *LANGUAGE acquisition , *INUIT children - Abstract
This article compares the functional roles of English, French, and Inuttitut in arctic Quebec. In their concern with disadvantaged members of society and their focus on functional differences in language use, the authors draw on early research by Robinson concerning language and social behavior for working- and middle-class speakers. First, they present evidence concerning the importance of sustained heritage language (Inuttitut) development in second-language acquisition and address the implications of this finding in terms of additive versus subtractive bilingualism in the North. Second, they contrast the language proficiencies of children in the two dominant languages, English and French, exploring variations in status and their concomitant effects on language acquisition. Finally, they compare the conversational versus academic language proficiencies of Inuit children in the context of minority versus dominant language education and discuss implications for the debate on language deficits versus differences for disadvantaged children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
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23. Social Comparison in an Intergroup Context.
- Author
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Taylor, Donald M., Moghaddam, Fathali M., and Bellerose, Jeannette
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INTERGROUP relations , *SOCIAL interaction , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *SOCIOLOGY , *HUMAN behavior - Abstract
Social comparisons in a real intergroup context involving Anglophones and Francophones from Quebec, Canada, were examined. Three hypotheses were proposed: A variety of potential comparisons arise in an intergroup context, three different motivations for social comparison in an intergroup situation (reality testing, group enhancement, equity appeal) are associated with predictably different targets for comparison, and social comparisons are linked to feelings and actions. Some support for all three hypotheses was found. We suggest that the major dilemmas confronting social comparison theory could be approached more effectively if researchers studying comparisons at the individual level and those interested in intergroup comparisons worked more in concert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1989
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24. The warped looking glass: How minorities perceive themselves, believe they are perceived, and are...
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Moghaddam, Fathali and Taylor, Donald M.
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PSYCHOLOGY of Minorities , *ASSIMILATION (Sociology) - Abstract
Explores how members of various minority groups perceive themselves, believe they are perceived and are actually perceived by majority group members in terms of an inclusive label (Quebecer) and two exclusive labels (foreigner, immigrant). Potential role of intergroup misperceptions in the marginalization of minorities.
- Published
- 1994
25. Identity and the language of the classroom: Investigating the impact of heritage versus second...
- Author
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Wright, Stephen C. and Taylor, Donald M.
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INUIT education - Abstract
Investigates the differential effects of early education in the heritage language versus early immersion in a second language on the child's personal and collective self-esteem in the Inuits or Eskimos of Nunavik in Quebec, Canada.
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- 1995
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26. INDIVIDUALISTIC AND COLLECTIVE INTEGRATION STRATEGIES AMONG IRANIANS IN CANADA.
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Moghaddam, Fathali M., Taylor, Donald M., and Lalonde, Richard N.
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INTERGROUP relations , *IRANIANS , *IMMIGRANTS , *SOCIAL psychology - Abstract
Theories of intergroup relations provide a number of insights into differences between immigrants adopting heritage culture maintenance rather than assimilation integration strategies. In assessing these differences, Iranian immigrants to Canada are a suitable group to study because they seem to have a genuine choice between the two alternative integration strategies. Different patterns of responses were found for Iranians (n = 81) who chose an assimilationist option as opposed to a heritage culture maintenance option, with respect to commitment to Iranian cultural organizations, community contacts, social mobility strategies and perceived justice. However, differences were not found on self-perceptions of group membership or perceptions of personal ability. The implications of these results for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
27. LOCAL EXTIRPATION OF STEPHANODISCUS NIAGARAE (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) IN THE RECENT LIMNOLOGICAL RECORD OF LAKE ONTARIO.
- Author
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Julius, Matthew L., Stoermer, Eugene F., Taylor, Christine M., and Schelske, Claire L.
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DIATOMS - Abstract
Investigates microfossil assemblages in sediments from nine stations across Lake Ontario. Absence of Stephanodiscusniagarae in the sediment samples; Documentation of the end of a general reduction in size and alteration in valve morphology associated with habitat disturbance; Possible direct elimination of the species from the lake or delay beyond the species' ability to sustain numbers throughasexual reproduction.
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- 1998
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28. Attitudinal differences between police constables and their supervisors.
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Perrott, Stephen B. and Taylor, Donald M.
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POLICE attitudes - Abstract
Presents the results of a study which compared a sample of Canadian police constables and a sample of their immediate supervisors on measures of authoritarianism, perceived stress, job satisfaction, and social nearness to several clearly defined groups. Effect of rank on police attitudes; Differences between the two sample groups; Cultural diversity within society.
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- 1995
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29. Dimensions of Welsh identity.
- Author
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Giles, Howard, Taylor, Donald M., and Bourhis, Richard Y.
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MULTIDIMENSIONAL scaling ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,JUDGMENT (Psychology) ,IDENTITY (Philosophical concept) - Abstract
Copyright of European Journal of Social Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION IN QUEBEC: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE USA.
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Taylor, Donald M.
- Subjects
STUDY & teaching of bilingual education ,BILINGUAL education ,BILINGUALISM - Abstract
Wally Lambert had an intellectual and social curiosity that never ceased. After making seminal contributions to bilingual education, he began focusing on the intergroup, community context that formed the back-drop for school-based language programs. This led him to multicultural innercity urban centres in the United States where we sought to assess the debate between the Canadian mosaic and the American melting pot. To our surprise every cultural group we studied had a multicultural vision, and a shared understanding that while the heritage culture might be appropriate for the home and in the ethnic community, mainstream American culture and English needed to dominate the wider public environment. These surprising findings may be instructive for the current debate in Quebec over "reasonable accommodation." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
31. Housing type and tenure effects on reactions to road traffic noise
- Author
-
Taylor, S. M., Hall, F. L., and Birnie, S.
- Subjects
HOUSING ,HUMAN behavior ,NOISE pollution - Published
- 1978
32. Pathology of Hematodinium infections in snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio) from Newfoundland, Canada
- Author
-
Wheeler, Kersten, Shields, Jeffrey D., and Taylor, David M.
- Subjects
- *
CRABS , *CRYOBIOLOGY , *PREVENTIVE medicine - Abstract
Abstract: Bitter crab disease (BCD) of snow crabs, Chionoecetes opilio, is caused by a parasitic dinoflagellate, Hematodinium sp. The disease has shown an alarming increase in prevalence in the commercial fishery in eastern and northeastern areas of Newfoundland and Labrador since it was first recorded there in the early 1990s. We documented histopathological alterations to the tissues in snow crabs with heavy infections of Hematodinium sp. and during sporulation of the parasite. Pressure necrosis was evident in the spongy connective tissues of the hepatopancreas and the blood vessels in most organs. In heavy infections, little remained of the spongy connective tissues around the hepatopancreas. Damage to the gills varied; in some cases it was severe, particularly during sporulation, involving apparent thinning of the cuticle, loss of epithelial cells, and fusion of the membranous layers of adjacent gill lamellae. Affected lamellae exhibited varying degrees of distention with a loss of trabecular cells, hemocyte infiltrations, and swelling or “clubbing” along the distal margins. Large numbers of zoospores were located along the distal margins of affected lamellae suggesting that sporulation may cause a lysis or bursting of the thin lamellar cuticle, releasing spores. Pressure necrosis, due to the build up of high densities of parasites, was the primary histopathological alteration in most tissues. Hematodinium infections in the snow crab are chronic, long-term infections that end in host death, during sporulation of the parasite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Wake Up Canada! Reflections on Vital National Issues (Book Review).
- Author
-
Taylor, Jeffery M.
- Subjects
- *
HISTORY of agricultural policy , *NONFICTION - Abstract
Reviews the book 'Wake Up Canada! Reflections on Vital National Issues,' by C.W. Peterson, edited by David Jones.
- Published
- 1990
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