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Objectives. To characterize rural health care and pharmacy recruitment and retention issues explored in Canadian pharmacy strategic guidelines and Canadian Faculties of Pharmacy curricula; compare the availability of pharmacy workforce across Canadian jurisdictions; and identify models for potential collaborations between universities and rural pharmacies in the North. Methods. Review of Canadian pharmacy strategic documents, Canadian Faculty of Pharmacy websites, Canadian pharmacy workforce data and relevant literature based on the search terms to identify university- rural community pharmacy initiatives. Results. Three recent Canadian pharmacy strategic documents do not directly address issues related to rural and northern pharmacy practice, with recruitment and retention mentioned only in Canadian Pharmacists Association documents. Few Canadian Faculties of Pharmacy provide curricula on rural and northern health care issues or discuss rural recruitment and retention during training, with barriers to experiential rural practicums impeding placements. An innovative new partnership between the University of Waterloo School of Pharmacy and Gateway Rural Health Research Institute has the potential to enhance rural education, pharmacy services and community-based research. The number of pharmacists per 100,000 population in northern regions of British Columbia and the territories is low when compared with other Canadian provinces. In Australia, a model of university-rural pharmacy collaboration has been developed that may have the potential to inform future Canadian initiatives. Conclusions. Development of a coordinated, multifaceted approach involving universities, pharmacy professional associations and community-based research organizations in rural and northern regions of the country has the potential to enhance pharmacist education, practice recruitment, practice retention and community-based health outcomes research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper estimates the effects of inter-industry R & D spillovers on the production cost of nine major Canadian industries. Production costs in all nine are affected by spillovers and six industries are influenced by at least two different source industries. Rates of return to R & D capital for each industry are also estimated. Private rates of return on R & D are at least two and a half times those on physical capital. Rates of return on R & D, inclusive of spillovers, are also computed: for industries which are major sources of spillover the spillover-inclusive returns are at least twice the private returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the research collaborations between Canada and China. It informs that thousands of medical professionals and researchers from Canada have traveled to China to work on a variety of research projects. It also informs about the investments of China in science and technology. It also discusses several challenges to overcome regarding these research collaborations.

This section offers news briefs from the Canadian Institute of Forestry (CIF). The Forestry Research Partnership (FRP) partnered with the Institute to deliver extension and knowledge transfer to forest practitioners in Ontario and Quebec. The Think Forests campaign of the Institute received funding to develop and produce a Forestry Awareness Kit. The Baccalaureate Silver Ring recognition was approved for the Forest Policy and Management and Forest Ecology Programs at the University of Winnepeg and the AgroForestry Program at the University of Moncton.

In this paper, we discuss the R&D process in the pharmaceutical/biotechnology industry from the viewpoint of four leading Canadian biotech startups. Based on a series of interviews with these firms, we outline the role of joint ventures and strategic alliances with university laboratories and with large established pharmaceutical firms in furthering these small firms' ambition of themselves becoming large and established. We find that the evolution of this industry has made this goal much harder to reach and we discuss the creative ways in which these firms have adapted and thrived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World's energy consumption has increased drastically over the past several decades, particularly driven by increasing population and economic activities as well as rising living standards with technological advancements. As the world moves towards a low-carbon economy, energy storage systems are exepcted to even play a more critical role in extracting more energy from renewable resources.7 The intermittent characteristic of renewable resources, specifically solar and wind, is one of the major challenges ahead of a reliable and steady renewable energy supply. Since the major proportion of produced and consumed energy is heat around the world, TES systems carries a significant weight regarding the development of effective energy systems. Long distances between energy production and consumption places and daily and seasonal fluctuations of renewable energy sources make energy storage systems really vital to increase the penetration of these free and abundant energy. [Extracted from the article]