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Research regarding autistic children's sibling relationship quality is mixed, although some literature suggests poorer quality compared to children with other disabilities or who are neurotypical. Little is known about how the clinical characteristics of autistic children relate to parent perceptions of sibling relationship quality. We drew data from a subsample of 119 children on the autism spectrum, ages 10-11 years, from an ongoing longitudinal study. Hierarchical multiple regressions tested the extent to which children's autism symptoms, behavioral difficulties, and communication abilities related to four domains of parent-rated sibling relationship quality. We also examined communication ability as a moderator of the effect of behavioral difficulties on parent-rated sibling relationship quality. More severe autism symptoms were associated with lower levels of conflict and rivalry, whereas higher communication ability was related to more relative status/power, but also conflict. Communication ability moderated the effect of behavioral difficulties such that behavioral difficulties were more closely associated with less warmth/closeness when children had weaker communication skills; behavioral difficulties were not significantly associated with other domains of sibling relationship quality. Findings underscore the importance of considering clinical characteristics and multiple domains of relationship quality to better understand how parents view the relationships between autistic children and their siblings.

Many jurisdictions have regulatory frameworks that seek to reduce the effects of environmental exposures of anthropogenic chemicals on terrestrial wildlife (i.e., mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians). The frameworks apply for new and existing chemicals, including pesticides (prospective assessments), and to environmental contamination from releases (retrospective risk assessments). Relatively recently, there have been many scientific advances that could improve risk estimates for wildlife. Here, we briefly describe current regulations from North America (United States and Canada) and from Europe that include risk assessments for wildlife to ascertain whether they are conducive to the use of emerging science and new methods. We also provide examples where new and emerging science may be used to improve wildlife risk characterization and identify areas in need of future research. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:765–779. © 2024 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management © 2024 Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Key Points: New and recent advancements in toxicology, ecology, microbiology, and modeling provide greater opportunities to improve risk assessments for vertebrate terrestrial wildlife species.Many regulations where risk assessments to wildlife are concerned offer opportunities to include scientific advancements and reduce the use of assumptions.Increases in the availability of new tools for wildlife risk assessments will require practitioners and regulators that are up to date with these advancements and comfortable with their application.Increased use of new science in risk assessment may also require new decision criteria accompanied by sound risk communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eating disorders have one of the highest mortality rates among psychiatric illnesses. Timely intervention is crucial for effective treatment, as eating disorders tend to be chronic and difficult to manage if left untreated. Clinical practice guidelines play a vital role in improving healthcare delivery, aiming to minimize variations in care and bridge the gap between research and practice. However, research indicates an active guideline implementation approach is crucial to effective uptake. Methods: Mixed methods will be used to inform and evaluate our guideline implementation approach. Semi-structured focus groups will be conducted in each of the eight provinces in Canada. Each focus group will comprise 8–10 key stakeholders, including clinicians, program administrators, and individuals with lived experience or caregivers. Qualitative data will be analyzed using conventional content analysis and the constant comparison technique and the results will be used to inform our implementation strategy. The study will then evaluate the effectiveness of our implementation approach through pre- and post-surveys, comparing changes in awareness, use, and impact of the guidelines in various stakeholder groups. Discussion: Through a multifaceted implementation strategy, involving the co-creation of educational materials, tailored training, and context-specific strategies, this study intends to enhance guideline uptake and promote adherence to evidence-based practices. Our study will also contribute valuable information on the impact of our implementation strategies. This protocol outlines a comprehensive research study aimed at evaluating an implementation approach for the uptake of the Canadian Practice Guidelines for Treating Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders across Canada. Eating disorders (EDs) have a significant impact on mental and physical health, necessitating evidence-based and timely interventions. To address gaps in service, we propose to use focus groups to identify barriers, facilitators, and implementation strategies for guideline uptake. We will engage stakeholders, including clinicians, administrators, and individuals with lived experience, to co-create tailored educational materials which will then be disseminated. The impact of the implementation approach will be evaluated through pre- and post-implementation surveys. This study aims to enhance the availability and utilization of evidence-based treatments for children and adolescents with EDs, ensuring equitable and improved care nationwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Risk and protective factors associated with disordered eating were examined in girls in middle-level school. Analysis showed that low competence in physical appearance, high importance of social acceptance, high self-oriented perfectionism, and low parental support were correlated significantly with reports of high levels of disordered eating. Findings pose implications for school-based prevention strategies. (Author/SD)

Evaluated the effectiveness of a program designed to promote body image satisfaction and prevent eating problems in young adolescent girls over a 1-year period. Found no program effect. Found instead, significant increases in body image satisfaction and decreases in eating problem scores over time for participants in both the prevention and control groups. (Author)

Objective: The Canadian Eating Disorder Priority Setting Partnership was established to identify and prioritize the top 10 research priorities for females, 15 years or older, with anorexia nervosa, by incorporating equal input from those with lived experience, families, and healthcare professionals. Method: This project, which closely followed the James Lind Alliance guidelines, solicited research priorities from the Canadian eating disorder community by means of a five‐step process including use of a survey, response collation, literature checking, interim ranking survey, and in‐person prioritization workshop. Results: The initial survey elicited 897 priorities from 147 individuals, with almost equal representation from all three stakeholder groups. From this, 603 responses aligned with the project objectives and were collapsed into 71 broader indicative questions. Based on available systematic reviews, 18 indicative questions were removed as they were considered answered by existing literature while 8 indicative questions were added from the recommendations of the reviews. In total, 61 indicative questions were ranked in an interim ranking survey, where 21 questions were prioritized as important by at least 20% of respondents. As a final step, 28 individuals from across Canada attended the prioritization workshop to coestablish the top 10 research priorities. Discussion: Top priorities were related to treatment gaps and the need for more surveillance data. This systematic methodology allowed for a transparent and collaborative approach to identifying current priorities from both the service user and provider perspective. Wide dissemination is anticipated to promote work that is of high relevance to patients, families, and clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The aim of this study was to describe the process of how nurse and physician managers in formalized dyads work together to address clinical management issues in the surgical division of one hospital setting. Background Nurse and physician managers are uniquely positioned to co-lead and transform healthcare delivery. However, little is known about how this management dyad functions in the healthcare setting. Design A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to investigate the process of how nurse and physician managers work together in formalized dyads in an urban Canadian university affiliated teaching hospital. Methods Data collection occurred from September 2013-August 2014. Data included participant observation ( n = 142 hours) and intensive interviews ( n = 36) with nurse-physician manager dyads (12 nurses, 9 physicians) collected in a surgical department. Theoretical sampling was used to elaborate on properties of emerging concepts and categories. Results/Findings A substantive theory on 'intentional partnering' was generated. Nurses' and physicians' professional agendas, which included their interests and purposes for working with each other served as the starting point of 'intentional partnering'. The theory explains how nurse and physician managers align their professional agendas through the processes of 'accepting mutual necessity', 'daring to risk (together)' and 'constructing a shared responsibility'. Being credible, earning trust and safeguarding respect were fundamental to communicating effectively. Conclusion Intentional partnering elucidates the relational components of working together and the strategizing that occurs as each partner deliberates on what he or she is willing to accept, risk and put into place to reap the benefits of collaborating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the preventive approach to eating disorders (ED), just like other mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and self harm. Topics covered include family physicians' failure to provide appropriate mental health care or at least recognize EDs, a program of research led by the author that integrates ED prevention with mental health promotion practices, and the role of schools in enhancing the mental health well-being of students.

Introduction: Given the proposed changes to nutrition labelling in Canada and the dearth of research examining comprehension and use of nutrition facts tables (NFts) by adolescents and young adults, our objective was to experimentally test the efficacy of modifications to NFts on young Canadians' ability to interpret, compare and mathematically manipulate nutrition information in NFts on prepackaged food. Methods: An online survey was conducted among 2010 Canadians aged 16 to 24 years drawn from a consumer sample. Participants were randomized to view two NFts according to one of six experimental conditions, using a between-groups 2 × 3 factorial design: serving size (current NFt vs. standardized serving-sizes across similar products) × percent daily value (% DV) (current NFt vs. "low/med/high" descriptors vs. colour coding). The survey included seven performance tasks requiring participants to interpret, compare and mathematically manipulate nutrition information on NFts. Separate modified Poisson regression models were conducted for each of the three outcomes. Results: The ability to compare two similar products was significantly enhanced in NFt conditions that included standardized serving-sizes (p ⩽ .001 for all). Adding descriptors or colour coding of % DV next to calories and nutrients on NFts significantly improved participants' ability to correctly interpret%DV information (p ⩽ .001 for all). Providing both standardized serving-sizes and descriptors of % DV had a modest effect on participants' ability to mathematically manipulate nutrition information to calculate the nutrient content of multiple servings of a product (relative ratio = 1.19; 95% confidence limit: 1.04-1.37). Conclusion: Standardizing serving-sizes and adding interpretive % DV information on NFts improved young Canadians' comprehension and use of nutrition information. Some caution should be exercised in generalizing these findings to all Canadian youth due to the sampling issues associated with the study population. Further research is needed to replicate this study in a more heterogeneous sample in Canada and across a range of food products and categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the diversification and changes in the Canadian family form over the past 25 years. While the husband-wife family has declined over this time period, it still remains the dominant family form. Statistics Canada census statistics allows for the examination of new family forms since 1981, as the common-law partnership and the now married have been distinguished within the husband-wife family category. With the introduction of the 1968 and 1985 Divorce Acts, separation became a major ground for divorce in Canada. Marital breakdown should be measured by the incidence of both divorce and separation. The popularity of cohabitation further clouds the measuring of total partnership breakdown since separation of cohabiting partners is not recorded. This research focuses on the change in marital separation and the increase in cohabitation since 1981. Marital separation has declined in its contribution to total marital dissolution since 1985. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water resources of Canada are today, and have always been, of major importance to the welfare of Canadians. Throughout most of Canada's history, these resources have been viewed within a supply–management framework and, frequently, exploited through the construction of ‘megaprojects’, often with little or no concern for issues such as environmental harm and social and community disruption. As in many parts of the world, those most affected by such large-scale water resource developments have been aboriginals (in Canada, ‘First Nations’ peoples). Although the issues of environmental, social and economic damage to First Nations as a result of water megaprojects have been investigated, little has been written about the impact of such projects – especially dam construction – on the loss of sense of place of deracinated peoples. This paper investigates one example of such loss of sense of place, that of the Cheslatta T’En forcibly removed from their ancestral lands in the 1950s so as to allow for the construction of a private hydroelectric dam by the Aluminum Company of Canada (Alcan). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In addition, the treatment of imports in these studies has usually been less than satisfactory. The assumption usually made, because of lack of data,[3] is that imports form a competitive fringe. For both Canada and the UK, though not the USA, the application of this assumption has led to the inference that industries are typically much more competitive than indicated by published concentration measures. This striking result for Canada and the UK has led to some controversy, since no account is taken of imports by domestic producers (Cowling, 1978). In this paper, using 1979 evidence for Canada, these shortcomings concerning the treatment of imports are quantified and the problem of secondary output addressed. Furthermore, whereas all previous studies used only one measure of concentration (the concentration ratio, CR4), in this paper findings are included for the Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI).
The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) defines an industry, in terms of a set of primary or principal products. The output of each plant is decomposed into a series of products. The Annual Census of Manufactures (census) classifies all of the plant's output to that industry whose primary product(s) account for the largest proportion of the plant's output. A firm (or, to use the census terminology in estimating concentration statistics, an unconsolidated enterprise) is defined as a collection of plants in an industry under common control. The size distribution of firms is generated by summing the output of all plants owned by a firm in a given industry. This is the data from which census concentration measures are derived.
The first adjustment made to the census or unadjusted size distribution of firms is to relax the assumption that all of the output of a plant or establishment should be classified to the primary industry of the establishment. The secondary output of the plant is allocated to the industry to which it is primary in building up the ... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Studies in Population is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

WE EXAMINED THE PREVALENCE OF DIETING and negative eating atti-tudes among 2279 females (aged 10--14 years) in southern On-tario. Self-report questionnaires revealed that 29.3% of the girls were currently trying to lose weight and 10.5% had scores greater than the clinical threshold for disordered eating (Chil-dren's version of the Eating Attitudes Test [ChEAT] score ≥20). Those with elevated ChEAT scores were more likely than those with lower scores to be engaged in dieting and other extreme weight control methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the response of the Eastern Ontario Forest Model to the ice storm in 1998. Formation of the Ice Storm Forest Recovery Group; Discussion and exchange of information on the impact of the storm on the forests of eastern Ontario; Sharing of information with organizations in Quebec, New York, Vermont and New Hampshire; Signing of a joint federal and provincial agreement for economic recovery.